Caries of primary teeth and regularity of dental check-ups

The study consisted of 1332 children representing 81% of a stratified random sample from the Finnish population born in 1970-72. Data on annual dental check-ups at the age of 2-5 years, caries at the age of 6-8 years, and social class were obtained by questionnaire from municipal dental clinics. Sixteen percent of the children had had regular (3-4) check-ups, 42% occasional (1-2) check-ups and 42% no dental check-ups. Proportion of children with no check-ups was somewhat higher in the highest than in the other social classes. Of the children having no reported check-ups, 27% were entirely caries free; 20% of those having occasional and 20% of hose having regular check-ups were caries free. The mean dmft values among patients with one or more dmf teeth was 5.5 in children with no reported check-ups, 6.0 and 5.8 in those with occasional or regular check-ups. The mean dt values were 2.9, 2.26 and 2.3, respectively. In cases with no history of check-ups, the mean ft value among patients with one or more dmf teeth was 2.8, with occasional check-ups, 3.6, and with regular check-ups, 3.9. Thus a negative correlation existed between number of annual dental check-ups and number of untreated caries lesions found in cross-sectional examination; a positive correlation existed between frequency of check-ups and fillings found cross-sectionally. No clear correlation existed between regularity of annual dental check-ups and past caries experience (dmft).     

Dental health in a group of drug addicts in Italy

The caries prevalence, periodontal health, and oral hygiene status were assessed in 124 drug addicts aged 18-34 yr in Mercato San Severino (Salerno), Italy. The years of drug addiction ranged from 1 to 15 yr. The majority used heroin (96%) but all the subjects indicated that they had used more than one drug. The percentage of drug addicts caries free was 6.5%, ranging from no caries free subjects in the group over 29 yr of age, to 11.4% in the group aged 26-29 yr old. Mean DMFT and DMFS scores for all age groups were 12.9 and 36.2, respectively; mean Periodontal Index (PI) and mean Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) scores were 1.37 and 1.71, respectively. The poor dental health in this target group indicates the need for more extensive collaboration between the social and dental health care sectors.     

Predicting caries in permanent teeth from caries in primary teeth: an eight-year cohort study

Several cross-sectional studies report that caries in primary teeth is correlated with caries in permanent teeth. This eight-year cohort study sought to determine if caries in the primary dentition can predict caries in the permanent dentition of the same individuals and, if so, with what degree of prediction accuracy. A total of 362 Chinese children, from 3 to 5 years old at the time of the 1992 baseline study, were re-examined in 2000. The study found statistically significant associations between caries prevalence in primary and permanent dentitions (p < 0.01). Children having caries in their primary teeth were three times more likely to develop caries in their permanent teeth (relative ratio = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.4-4.7; p < 0.001). Caries on primary molars had the highest predictive value (85.4%). This study demonstrates that caries status in the primary teeth can be used as a risk indicator for predicting caries in the permanent teeth.     

The condition of teeth in adult population aged 35-44 years living in a small town and in villages in the Province of Poznan

In an epidemiological study the condition of teeth was assessed in 120 subjects aged 35-44 years living in Sroda Wielkopolska and villages around it. Group I (60 subjects) lived in the town and group II (60 subjects) came from villages. Each group contained 30 women and 30 men. A high prevalence of caries was found, (99.16% for the whole studied population) with the mean DMF value 16.79%. The highest DMF values were found in group II in women--21.66. These high values of DMF were due to a great number of carietic teeth, teeth removed because of caries, and a relatively small number of teeth with fillings. Slight developmental disturbances of the enamel were observed.     

Relationship between the presence of demarcated opacities and hypoplasia in permanent teeth and caries in their primary predecessors

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the presence of demarcated opacities and hypoplasia on permanent teeth and the caries status of the primary predecessor teeth in a cohort of Chinese children. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 250 children living in a non-fluoridated area in Southern China whose caries status of primary teeth at the age of 3-6 years had been recorded annually in a previous study. A follow-up examination of their permanent teeth was conducted when they were about 12 years old. The presence of enamel defects was determined by consensus of 2 dentists according to the modified DDE index. RESULTS: 56.8% of the 250 children examined had demarcated opacities, while 10.8% of them had hypoplasia. Demarcated opacities and hypoplasia were found in 5.8 and 1.3% of the teeth examined, respectively. A higher prevalence of demarcated opacities was found in those permanent teeth of which their primary predecessor teeth had caries than in those without (7.5 vs. 3.8%, p < 0.001). A similar finding was obtained for the prevalence of hypoplasia (1.9 vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: There was an association between caries in primary teeth and the presence of demarcated opacities and hypoplasia in their permanent successors.     

北京市中年组人群恒牙龋病抽样调查报告

目的了解北京市35～44岁中年组人群恒牙龋病状况，为北京市口腔卫生保健规划提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法，抽取北京市35～44岁城乡常住居民共792名，男女各半，按照《第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案》中的方法，检查全口恒牙患龋情况。结果792名受检者恒牙龋均1．74，患龋率58．59％，城市高于农村，女性高于男性。龋齿充填率39．97％，城市高于农村。恒牙根龋龋均0．55，根龋患龋率27．15％，根龋充填率仅1．85％，城乡之间无显著性差异。结论中年组人群根龋患病情况呈现明显上升趋势，应采取综合防治措施。同时，应加大对农村地区的口腔医疗及人力资源配置。     

Eight-year study on conventional glass ionomer and amalgam restorations in primary teeth

The aim of this randomized clinical study was to compare the longevity and the cariostatic effects of conventional glass ionomer and amalgam restorations in primary teeth placed in everyday practice in the Danish Public Dental Health Service. All restorations inserted during a 7-month period by 14 clinicians in 2 municipalities were included in the study. The sample consisted of 515 conventional glass ionomer restorations and 543 amalgam restorations in 666 children aged between 2.8 and 13.5 years. The restorations were in contact with 592 unrestored surfaces in primary and permanent teeth. The study was terminated after 8 years, with 2% of the restorations in function and 7% patient dropouts. Fifty percent of the teeth restored with glass ionomer and 63% of those with amalgam were exfoliated with the restoration in situ, while 42% of the glass ionomer and 20% of the amalgam restorations had been repaired or replaced. Fracture of restoration, endodontic complication, and loss of retention were the major reasons for failure. The 50% survival time for glass ionomer restorations in all cavity types was 42 months, while the median survival time for amalgam restorations could not be estimated but exceeded 7.8 years (P < 0.001). Progression of caries lesions on tooth surfaces adjacent to amalgam restorations required operative treatment on 30% of the teeth, while only on 16% of teeth adjacent to glass ionomer restorations. The 75% survival time was 40 months for surfaces in contact with glass ionomer compared to 25 months for surfaces in contact with amalgam (P = 0.005). Multivariate analyses were performed in order to assess the influence of a number of factors on the longevity of restorations, occurrence of prevalent failures, and caries treatment of surfaces in contact with the restorations. Owing to the high frequency of failures of the conventional glass ionomer restorations, it was concluded that they are not an appropriate, universal alternative to amalgam for restorations in primary teeth, although they reduce caries progression and the need for operative treatment of adjacent surfaces.     

Strontium content in hard tissues of milk teeth with and without caries

By the method of atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry the strontium level was determined in the hard tissues of milk teeth with and without caries. The studied material comprised 163 milk teeth, including 81 with caries. All teeth were obtained from children of either sex living in Lublin. The material was divided into three age groups: up to 6 years, 6-10 years, and over 10 years. The obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis using an IMP85 m computer. It was found age and sex had no significant effect on the strontium level in the hard tissues of healthy milk teeth. However, a significant correlation was observed between strontium level and caries presence. Milk teeth with caries contained less strontium than carietic teeth.     

A retrospective 5-year study of dental treatment in a group of elderly persons

In a retrospective study, 50 patients over 70 years of age, selected from a private specialist clinic for fixed and removable prosthodontics, were studied. They all had remaining natural teeth and had undergone complete dental treatment at least 5 years before. The age-range was 70-96 and they had been treated 6-25 years before the study. The patients had on average 13.9 teeth. During the five-year observation period, 32 patients developed caries, with a mean number of 5.0 lesions (range 1-22). 79 fillings were made due to other defects than caries. 25 root canal fillings were made, due to caries lesions after loosened fillings or crowns in 5 cases and for other reasons than caries in 20 cases. 4.4% of the natural teeth had to be extracted. 19 crowns, 11 bridges and 1 splint were made. The prophylactic periodontal and cariological care delivered during the 5 years varied from 0 to 350 minutes (mean 89). The time for prophylactic treatment was not significantly correlated to the total number of natural teeth per patient but instead to the number of periodontally severely involved teeth (i.e. with 50% or less marginal bone support). The overall conclusion is that 3.5 times as much chairside treatment time was used for therapeutic measures as for prophylaxis.     

Prevalence of approximal caries in posterior teeth in 15-year-old Swedish teenagers in relation to their caries experience at 3 years of age

The aim of the present investigation was to study the prevalence of approximal caries lesions and fillings in posterior teeth at 15 years of age in a prospectively followed Swedish population (n = 568), with special reference to their caries experience at the age of 3 years. Only approximal surfaces were recorded, since all children in the Community of J?nk?ping have had fissure sealing performed on all caries-free permanent molars. At 15 years of age, the mean number of approximal tooth surfaces with initial caries lesions (D(i)a), manifest caries lesions and fillings (D(m)Fa) and total caries experience and fillings (D(i + m)Fa)--recorded on bitewing radiographs--was 2.78 , 0.45 and 3.23, respectively. One third of the adolescents had no approximal caries or fillings; the D(i)a constituted 86% of the D(i + m)Fa. Children with manifest caries at 3 years of age had a higher risk of developing approximal caries in their permanent teeth than caries-free children at the same age (41 vs. 17%). Furthermore, children who were caries-free at 3 years of age were more likely to remain caries-free at 15 years of age compared to children with manifest caries (37 vs. 17%). All these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Additionally, early childhood caries experience (developed before 3 years of age) had a greater predictive value than late childhood caries experience (developed between 3 and 6 years of age) concerning approximal caries at 15 years of age.     

上海市372例3岁幼儿乳牙患龋状况的3年追踪观察

目的:追踪观察上海市区372例3岁幼儿3年间乳牙患龋状况变化.方法:选取2005年上海市区6所幼儿园刚入园372例3岁幼儿(男172例,女200例)进行口腔检查,计算乳牙患龋率,龋、失、补牙数(dmft),龋蚀严重指数(CSI)和龋齿充填构成比,追踪观察3a.采用SPSS13.0软件包对结果进行X2检验、方差分析、SNK两两比较.结果:372例幼儿2005～2007年3年间患龋率分别为40.90%、50.80%和62.40%;dmft分别为2.17±3.38、2.56±3.61和3.15±3.87:CSI分别为6.38±11.16、7.67±12.04和8.73±13.03;龋齿充填构成比分别为5.35%、13.46%和18.15%.3年间患龋率、dmft、CSI、龋齿充填构成比均呈逐年上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(X2=16.423,P<0.01;F=8.185,P<0.01;F=3.509,P<0.05;X2=16.423,P<0.05).乳牙患龋率、dmft在2005年与2006年间、2005年与2007年间有显著性差异(P均<0.05)而2006年与2007年间无显著性差异(P>0.05);CSI仅在2005年与2007年间有显著差异(P<0.05).2006年的龋齿发病率为10.48%,2007年为11.56%,差异无统计学意义(X2=2.763,P>0.05).2005～2007年,男女之间患龋率、dmft、CSI差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:该群体幼儿乳牙患龋状况随年龄增长而急剧上升的趋势有缓解迹象;龋齿充填率仍较低,需加强乳牙龋的防治工作.     

深龋基牙固定修复后发生牙髓病变的危险性分析

目的：探讨深龋基牙固定修复后发生牙髓病变的危险性。方法：选择2002年1月至2004年12月，在口腔中心就诊患深龋且治疗成功又作为固定冠、桥修复基牙的患者510例，男272例，女238例，年龄19-72岁。将这些患者中的深龋基牙542颗作为深龋组；正常牙体基牙312颗为对照组。观察2组基牙固定冠桥修复后牙髓状况，深龋组进一步分析牙髓病变与牙位的关系。421例患者661颗基牙成功回访。结果：2年内深龋组397颗基牙中41颗出现牙髓病变，发生率10．33％；对照组264颗基牙3颗出现牙髓病变，发生率1．14％，2组间有显著的统计学差异。发生牙髓病变多在修复后的半年内。深龋下颌前牙牙髓病变率23．08％；下颌双尖牙牙髓病变率17．31％。结论：深龋基牙固定修复后发生牙髓病变的危险性显著高于牙体正常牙。固定修复尤其对患深龋的下颌前牙、下颌双尖牙牙髓健康影响较大，临床在选做冠桥修复的基牙时应谨慎。     

上海嘉定区582例2~3岁儿童乳牙龋病及相关因素分析

目的 分析上海嘉定区2～3岁儿童乳牙龋病及相关因素,为开展学龄前儿童的龋病防治工作提供依据,降低乳牙龋病发病率.方法 采用随机整群抽样的方法,对嘉定区2个社区的582例2～3岁儿童进行口腔检查,检查内容包括乳牙萌出情况及龋患情况,并对其家长进行问卷调查,包括幼儿的口腔卫生行为和饮食习惯等,调查数据采用SPSS20.0软件进行统计分析.结果 582例受检儿童中,患龋率48.45％,龋均为2.21,男女患龋率分别为50.00％和46.81％,男性高于女性,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001).随着日刷牙次数的增加,乳牙患龋率明显下降(P＜0.05).乳牙龋与喂养方式有关,完全母乳患龋率最低39.55％,人工喂养患龋率最高60.54％.结论 嘉定区2～3岁儿童乳牙龋病严重,每日糖摄入次数,刷牙次数和喂养方式与龋病密切相关,应加强龋病防治措施.     

上海市幼儿乳牙龋病的变化趋势——同一幼儿园4年追踪调查

目的了解本世纪初上海市幼儿牙患龋状况的动向和特点。方法以上海市区同一所幼儿园2～5岁幼儿为对象，连续4年进行龋病检查，计算患龋率、受检者龋均（DFT）和龋蚀严重度指数（CSI），并对140名（2岁54名，3岁86名）幼儿追踪3年，每隔1年观察患龋状况之增量。结果该幼儿园幼儿乳牙的患龋率、DFT和CSI在4年中总体无明显变化；每年的患龋状况均随年龄增长而加剧。140名同一个体幼儿组的患龋状况均呈逐年加剧，前后两次的增量间，总体和各年龄组均无明显差异：首次增量中，2岁组的患龋率增量明显高于3岁组，其它各项增量在两年龄组间并无差异。结论该所幼儿园幼儿乳牙患龋状况4年间无明显改变，从2岁到3岁患龋率增加明显，提示龋病防治工作从2岁开始就应加强。     

瓦努阿图儿童乳牙龋病发病情况调查

目的了解瓦努阿图桑托岛居住的3～6岁儿童乳牙龋齿患病情况,为该地区制定学龄前儿童龋病防治措施提供基线资料。方法505名该地区居住的儿童,在室外条件下检查乳牙患龋情况,并记录dmft值,经统计学分析各年龄组之间及各牙位之间的患龋情况。结果儿童乳牙的患病率为35.7%～48.4%,龋均0.57～1.66。各年龄组和性别间乳牙的患龋率和龋均没有显著性差异。患龋最多的为上颌乳切牙,其次为下颌乳磨牙和上颌乳磨牙。发病率最低的是下颌乳切牙、下颌乳尖牙及上颌乳尖牙。乳牙龋坏充填率0.6%。结论瓦努阿图桑托岛居住的儿童乳牙龋齿的患病率较低,可能与当地的生活习惯有关。龋齿充填率很低,应当加大口腔保健的服务力度。     

Dentition of addiction in Queensland: poor dental status and major contributing drugs

BACKGROUND: Although it is said that drug addiction is associated with poor dental health, there is little research in this area. In particular, there is little work comparing the effects of the different drugs of addiction. METHODS: A cross-sectional patient survey of dental health was undertaken in a family practice comparing opiate and other drug addicts (DA) with non-addicts (NA). The age range was restricted to 19-45 years. Damaged teeth were counted and a semi-quantitative score applied to severity to allow the calculation of an overall dental index. A medical review only was undertaken; recognized dental diagnostic criteria were not applied. RESULTS: There were 233 and 47 respondents in the DA and NA groups, respectively. The mean ages and gender ratios were similar in both groups. DA used more addictive drugs than NA (all P < 0.001). DA had more absent, traumatized, major cavitated and extracted teeth (all P < 0.05). Addicts had a worse severity index (P < 0.02) and dental index (13.13 + 24.00 vs. 4.74 +/- 16.03; P < 0.005). Furthermore, dental pathology developed in DA at younger ages than in NA with 56.8% vs. 5.4% of patients younger than 38 years having dental indices more than 10 respectively (OR = 22.98, 95% CI = 5.57-200.65, P < 0.0000001). At multivariate analysis age, gender, and dose and/or duration of tobacco, methadone, morphine, and alcohol were significantly associated with these pathologies. CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with published dental reports and basic science information that drug addiction has a deleterious effect on dental health, that in addiction this effect is rapid and severe, and that tobacco, methadone, morphine and alcohol contribute importantly to these changes.     

同一个体乳牙列龋与恒牙列龋的相关性研究

目的：探讨同一个体乳牙龋与其年轻恒牙龋之间是否具有相关性，是否可以通过乳牙龋预见其恒牙龋的发生。方法：对293名5～6岁替牙期的儿童进行4年的跟踪调查，记录其在1999年和2003年时的乳、恒牙患龋情况，并进行统计学分析。结果：乳牙列龋与恒牙列龋之间相关性存在统计学意义。结论：乳牙列患龋严重的儿童，其恒牙患龋的可能性相对增高，可达乳牙列无龋者的4倍。特别是乳磨牙龋对其恒牙龋更具有预见价值。     

广东省3~5岁人群乳牙龋病抽样调查报告(2015—2016年)

目的 了解广东省3~5岁人群乳牙龋病状况,为广东省口腔卫生保健工作提供信息支持.方法 采用多阶段分层等容量随机抽样的方法,抽取广东省3、4、5岁城乡常住人口各864人,男女各半,城乡各半.按照第四次全国口腔健康流行病学调查方案牙列检查方法和标准,使用CPI探针检查全口乳牙牙冠龋病情况.计算患龋率、龋均、充填率等.结果 3、4、5岁人群乳牙患龋率分别为58.33%、68.40%、78.47%,龋均分别为3.03、4.34、5.69,龋齿充填率分别为0.92%、1.47%、1.26%.3、4、5岁人群患龋率和龋均在城乡及年龄组间的差异有统计学意义,农村高于城市,随年龄增长,患龋状况加重;患龋率在不同性别间的差异无统计学意义,3岁人群龋均女性高于男性(t=2.04,P=0.042),4岁人群(t=0.15,P=0.882)、5岁人群(t=1.00,P=0.317)龋均在不同性别间的差异无统计学意义;5岁儿童患龋率(x2=23.123,P<0.001)和龋均(t=6.290,P<0.001)高于2005年,龋齿充填率提升不明显(x2=0.481,P=0.488).结论 广东省3~5岁儿童乳牙龋病患病状况较严重,98%以上的龋齿未经治疗,是龋病预防的重点人群,特别是农村儿童.     

Oral health of individuals aged 3-80 years in J?nk?ping, Sweden, in 1973 and 1983. II. A review of clinical and radiographic findings

The aim of this study was to present data from clinical and radiographic examinations on oral health in two cross-sectional studies carried out in 1973 and 1983. A random sample of approximately 1000 individuals, evenly distributed in the age groups 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 years was studied for each of these two years. In the 1983-year examination 80 individuals, 80 years of age, were also included. All subjects were inhabitants of the community of J?nk?ping, Sweden. The clinical and radiographic examination assessed edentulousness, removable dentures, number of teeth, caries, restorations and overhangs, gingival and periodontal status, oral hygiene and calculus, endodontic treatment and periapical status. A reduction in number of edentulous individuals by 25% was recorded between the two examinations. This was matched by an increase in the mean number of teeth, mainly of molars. The largest difference in mean number of teeth between the 1973 and 1983 examinations was found for the 70-year-olds. These were 8.5 and 11.8 teeth respectively. The younger age groups showed an increase in the proportion of individuals free from caries and restorations. In 1973 the caries-free proportions were 35% for 3-year-olds and 9% for 5-year-olds. In 1983 these values had improved to 70% and 29% respectively. Corresponding to this trend the number of decayed tooth surfaces was lower in 1983. Fewer filled tooth surfaces were present 1983 compared with 1973 for the age groups 10, 15, 20 and 30 years but higher for the age groups 5, 50 and 60 years and unchanged for the remaining groups. For the younger age groups the overall reduction in DFS was about 50% but this increased to 90% for buccal and lingual surfaces. Both secondary caries and overhanging restorations had decreased in the 1983 group for all ages. At least 75-86% of restorations were without overhangs in 1983 compared to 47-65% in 1973. Gingival health had improved over the 10-year period. Sites with plaque and calculus and gingival units exhibiting gingivitis had all decreased in frequency by 1983. Buccal surfaces showed the greatest improvement. The frequency of individuals with one or more periodontal pockets (greater than or equal to 4 mm) increased with age but was of the same distribution in 1983 as in 1973.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Reasons for extraction of permanent teeth in Greece: a five-year follow-up study

Aim: To investigate the reasons for tooth extraction and their correlations with age and gender in Greece. Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 1,018 patients, 560 males and 458 females, aged 18–74 years from a private practice in Greece. Each patient’s age, gender, number of extracted teeth and the reasons for the extraction were recorded for a period of 5 years. Results: Two thousand four hundred and eighteen permanent teeth were extracted for various reasons during the study period. The results showed that the main reasons for extraction were caries (45.6%), periodontal disease (32.1%), failed root canal treatment (7.3%) and root fracture (4.4%). Caries was the main reason for extraction in patients up to 44 years old (64.7%), while periodontal disease was the main reason for extraction in patients over years of age (77.6%). Maxillary and mandibular 1st and 2nd molars, were the most frequently extracted teeth due to dental caries. Premolars of the mandible and maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were the most frequently extracted teeth due to periodontal disease. Conclusions: Although the targets of the WHO regarding the reduction of dental caries were accomplished, dental caries and periodontal disease are still the main reasons for tooth extraction regardless of the age of the patients.