黄芪甲甙对急性病毒性心肌炎小鼠IGF-1及相关蛋白表达的作用研究

目的：探讨黄芪甲甙在治疗病毒性心肌炎过程中对胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）及相关蛋白的影响。方法：65只4周龄Balb/C小鼠随机分为正常对照、黄芪对照、病毒对照及黄芪小剂量、黄芪大剂量等5组。后3组腹腔接种柯萨基B组病毒（CVB3）病毒。黄芪小剂量、黄芪大剂量每日分别给予0.07、0.6 mg/kg黄芪甲甙液灌胃1次。15 d后采血、取心肌组织,用酶标免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测血浆中IGF-1的表达,用免疫组织化学法检测心肌组织中IGF-1及相关蛋白的蛋白表达,用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测心肌组织IGF-1基因表达。结果：感染CVB3病毒后小鼠心肌组织IGF-1及相关蛋白明显升高,大剂量黄芪甲甙干预可调节小鼠IGF-1及相关蛋白的表达;小剂量黄芪甲甙则无明显效果。结论：大剂量黄芪甲甙对急性病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌组织的保护作用可能是通过影响IGF-1及相关蛋白表达的途径来实现。     

黄芪甲甙对病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌柯萨奇病毒受体基因表达的影响

目的　探讨黄芪活性成分黄芪甲甙对病毒性心肌炎 (VM)小鼠心肌柯萨奇 腺病毒受体 (CAR)基因表达影响。方法　Balb/c小鼠 1 0 0只 ,分为 6组。非感染小鼠腹腔无菌注射病毒培养液 ,分为正常对照组 (A组 ,1 0只 ,以羧甲基纤维素钠 0 .1mL灌胃 7d)、9%黄芪甲甙对照组 (B组 ,1 0只 ,9%黄芪甲甙 0 .1mL灌胃 7d) ;余 80只小鼠以柯萨奇病毒 (CVB3)腹腔无菌注射制作病毒性心肌炎模型 ,VM小鼠随机分为心肌炎对照组和 1 %、3 %、9%黄芪甲甙干预心肌炎组 ,分别以生理盐水、1 %、3 %、9%黄芪甲甙 0 .1mL灌胃 7d(分别为C、D、E、F组 ,每组 2 0只 )。 1 4d后处死一小部分鼠并取其心脏。采用RT PCR检测心肌CARmRNA表达水平。结果　F组小鼠死亡率较C组明显降低 (1 0 %与 45 %比较 ) ,(χ2 =6 .1 4　P <0 .0 5) ,B组无小鼠死亡 ;与C组相比较 ,CARmRNA表达水平以心肌病变积分在F组显著下降 ,而 1 %、3 %黄芪甲甙对心肌炎小鼠CARmRNA表达及心肌病变积分无明显影响。结论　 9%黄芪甲甙可抑制CAR表达 ,提高心肌炎小鼠生存率 ,减轻心肌损害 ,安全有效 ,对VM有良好的治疗作用。     

黄芪甲甙对病毒性心肌炎小鼠神经生长因子表达的影响

目的探讨黄芪活性成分黄芪甲甙对病毒性心肌炎(VM)小鼠心肌中神经生长因子(NGF)表达的影响。方法Balb/c小鼠100只,随机分成6组。非感染小鼠腹腔无菌注射病毒培养液,分为正常对照组[A组,10只,以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)0.1 mL灌胃7 d]、高剂量对照组(B组,10只,9%黄芪甲甙液0.1 mL灌胃7 d);余80只小鼠以柯萨奇病毒(CVB3)腹腔无菌注射制作VM模型,VM小鼠随机分为心肌炎对照组和低、中、高剂量干预组,分别以CMC、1%、3%、9%黄芪甲甙液0.1 mL灌胃7 d(分别为C、D、E、F组,每组20只)。14 d后处死小鼠并取其心脏,采用RT-PCR和免疫组织化学检测NGF mRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果F组小鼠较C组死亡率明显降低,B组无小鼠死亡;与C组比较,NGF mRNA、蛋白表达水平以及心肌病变积分在F组均显著下降,而低、中剂量黄芪甲甙对心肌炎小鼠NGF mRNA、蛋白表达及心肌病变积分无明显影响。结论黄芪甲甙可能通过抑制NGF表达,对Balb/c小鼠CVB3心肌炎具有良好的治疗作用。     

黄芪甲甙对病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌组织蛋白酶L表达的作用

目的探讨黄芪活性成分黄芪甲甙对病毒性心肌炎(VMC)小鼠心肌中组织蛋白酶L(cathepsinL,CL)表达的作用。方法BALB/C小鼠100只,随机分成6组。非感染小鼠腹腔无菌注射病毒培养液,分为正常对照组(A组10只,以羧甲基纤维素钠0.1ml灌胃7d)、9%黄芪甲甙对照组(B组10只,9%黄芪甲甙0.1ml灌胃7d);余80只小鼠以柯萨奇病毒(CVB3)腹腔无菌注射制作VMC模型,VMC小鼠随机分为心肌炎对照组和1%、3%、9%黄芪甲甙干预心肌炎组,分别以羧甲基纤维素钠及1%、3%、9%黄芪甲甙0.1ml灌胃7d(分别为C、D、E、F组,每组20只)。14d后处死全部小鼠并取其心脏。采用RT_PCR和免疫组化半定量检测心肌CLmRNA及蛋白表达水平。结果F组小鼠较C组死亡率明显降低[10%(2/20例)vs45%(9/20例),χ2=6.14,P<0.05],B组无小鼠死亡;与C组相比,CLmRNA、蛋白表达水平以及心肌病变积分在F组均显著下降,而1%、3%黄芪甲甙对心肌炎小鼠CLmRNA、蛋白表达及心肌病变积分无明显影响。结论黄芪甲甙可能通过抑制cathepsinL表达,对BALB/C小鼠CVB3心肌炎具有良好的治疗作用。     

组织蛋白酶B抑制剂CA-074Me对小鼠病毒性心肌炎的干预作用

目的观察组织蛋白酶B(cathepsinB)抑制剂CA-074Me对病毒性心肌炎小鼠的干预作用。方法55只雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常对照组(N组,n=10)、心肌炎对照组(V组,n=15)、低剂量干预组(L组,n=15)及高剂量干预组(H组,n=15)。后三组经腹腔接种柯萨奇病毒(CVB3m)诱发急性心肌炎,L组和H组于病毒接种后第2d分别腹腔注射CA-074Me0.4mg/kg和4mg/kg,均连续使用7d(2～8d),第15d处死全部存活小鼠并取其心脏,采用RT-PCR和免疫组化等方法半定量分析各组小鼠心肌组织中cathepsinB基因转录及蛋白表达水平。结果V组与N组比较,心肌中cathepsinBmRNA及蛋白表达水均明显增加(P<0.05);L组与V组比较,心肌中cathepsinBmRNA和蛋白表达量降低(P<0.05),小鼠生存率虽然有所升高,但差异无显著性(P>0.05);H组与V组相比,心肌组织中cathepsinBmRNA和蛋白表达量显著降低(P<0.01),心肌损害减轻,小鼠生存率明显升高,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论CA-074Me通过抑制cathepsinB的表达,减轻心肌损害,提高感染小鼠的存活率,对Balb/c小鼠CVB3心肌炎具有良好的治疗作用。     

黄芪甲苷保护阿霉素心肌损伤的抗氧化机制研究

目的 观察黄芪甲苷对大鼠阿霉素心肌损伤的保护作用,并探讨其抗氧化作用机制。方法 SD大鼠随机分5组,空白对照组（C组）,阿霉素组（ADR组）,阿霉素＋黄芪甲苷低剂量组（ADR＋L）,阿霉素＋黄芪甲苷中剂量组（ADR＋M）,阿霉素＋黄芪甲苷高剂量组（ADR＋H）。C组盐水,余组阿霉索腹腔注射。ADR＋L、ADR＋M、ADR＋H组不同剂量黄芪甲苷灌胃,C、ADR组羧甲基纤维素钠灌胃。观察生存率;血浆脑钠肽（BNP）浓度;心肌谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GsH—Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力;检测Cu-Zn—SOD蛋白水平及mRNA水平表达。结果 （1）大剂量黄芪甲苷可以保护阿霉索心肌损伤。与ADR组比较,ADR＋H组大鼠的生存率明显提高（P〈0．01）,血浆BNP浓度明显下降（P〈0．01）。（2）大剂量黄芪甲苷通过增加心肌抗氧化酶活力,增强心肌组织抗氧化酶mRNA转录水平以及蛋白质表达水平发挥其保护作用,且呈剂量依赖性。结论 黄芪甲苷从多个环节发挥其抗氧化能力,对阿霉索性心肌损伤具有保护作用,为临床治疗药物性心肌病提供新的思路。     

黄芪甲甙对病毒性心肌炎小鼠心肌组织蛋白酶B mRNA表达的影响

目的探讨黄芪活性成分黄芪甲甙对病毒性心肌炎(VM)小鼠心肌中组织蛋白酶B(cathepsinB,CB)mRNA表达的影响。方法Balb/c小鼠100只随机分为6组。非感染小鼠腹腔无菌注射病毒培养液,分为正常对照组(A组10只,以羧甲基纤维素钠0.1mL灌胃7d)、9%黄芪甲甙对照组(B组10只,9%黄芪甲甙0.1mL灌胃7d);余80只小鼠以柯萨奇病毒(CVB3)腹腔无菌注射制作VM模型,VM小鼠随机分为VM对照组和1%、3%、9%黄芪甲甙干预VM组,分别以生理盐水、1%、3%、9%黄芪甲甙0.1mL灌胃7d(分别为C、D、E、F组,每组20只)。14d后处死全部小鼠并取其心脏。采用RT-PCR半定量检测心肌CBmRNA表达水平。结果F组小鼠较C组死亡率明显降低[10%(2/20)vs45%(9/20),χ2=6.14P<0.05],B组无小鼠死亡;与C组比较CBmRNA表达水平及心肌病变积分在F组显著下降,而1%、3%黄芪甲甙对VM小鼠CBmRNA表达及心肌病变积分无明显影响。结论黄芪甲甙可能通过抑制CB表达,对Balb/c小鼠CVB3心肌炎具有良好的治疗作用。     

大剂量丙种球蛋白联合甲泼尼龙治疗小儿手足口病合并神经系统损害疗效观察

目的 探讨丙种球蛋白联合甲泼尼龙对手足口病合并神经系统损害患儿的治疗效果.方法 大剂量丙种球蛋白[1.0 g/(kg·d),用2 d)]联合甲泼尼龙[Ⅱ期病例3～5 mg/(kg·d),用3～5 d,Ⅲ期病例15～25 mg/(kg·d),用3 d]治疗小儿手足口病合并神经系统损害186例.结果 186例患儿中,治愈166例,占89.2%;好转15例,占8.1%;无效而自动出院2例,占1.1%;死亡3例,占1.6%.结论 大剂量丙种球蛋白联合甲泼尼龙治疗小儿手足口病合并神经系统损害具有明确的疗效.     

大剂量短疗程泼尼松治疗儿童急性免疫性血小板减少症的疗效观察

目的观察大剂量短疗程泼尼松(Pred)疗法对儿童急性免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)的疗效。方法 162例ITP患儿根据治疗方法不同随机分为大剂量静脉丙种球蛋白+甲基泼尼松龙组(IVIG+MP)、静脉丙种球蛋白组(IVIG)、甲基泼尼松龙组(MP)与Pred组。IVIG+MP组41例,采用IVIG(1g/kg,共1次)+MP[10 mg/(kg.d),每3天减半量,共9 d]冲击治疗,继之口服Pred[1.5～2.0 mg/(kg.d)],并逐渐减量维持治疗;IVIG组39例,采用丙种球蛋白(1 g/kg,共1次)冲击治疗,继之口服Pred[1.5～2.0 mg/(kg.d)]并逐渐减量维持治疗;MP组40例,采用MP[10 mg/(kg.d),每3天减半量,共9 d]冲击治疗,继之口服Pred[1.5～2.0 mg/(kg.d)]并逐渐减量维持治疗;Pred组42例,采用口服Pred[4 mg/(kg.d),共4 d]治疗后停药,无减量维持治疗。比较各组治疗前后血小板数、治疗有效率、不良反应发生率及药费支出。结果各治疗组治疗前后血小板数及治疗有效率差异无显著性,IVIG+MP组、IVIG组、MP组治疗不良反应发生率及药费支出均高于Pred组。结论大剂量短疗程Pred疗法治疗儿童急性ITP能有效提升血小板计数,有效率与IVIG及MP冲击治疗相比差异无显著性,不良反应少,花费低。     

美托洛尔治疗小儿慢性充血性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的 探讨美托洛尔治疗小儿慢性充血性心力衰竭的疗效.方法 在常规应用强心、利尿、扩血管药物及对症治疗基础上,给予患儿加服美托洛尔,从小剂量[0.2～0.5 mg/(kg·d)]开始,4周内达最大量[2mg/(kg·d)].结果 用药3个月时,治疗组总有效率为95%,对照组为56%,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05).治疗组心率、心胸比率较对照组明显降低,射血分数值明显升高,治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 常规抗心力衰竭药物加美托洛尔可明显改善慢性充血性心力衰竭患儿心功能.     

Allergic factors associated with the development of asthma and the influence of cetirizine in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial: First results of ETA®

There is a common progression known as the allergic march from atopic dermatitis to allergic asthma. Cetirizine has several antiallergic properties that suggest a potential effect on the development of airway inflammation and asthma in infants with atopic dermatitis. Methods. Over a two year period, 817 infants aged one to two years who suffered from atopic dermatitis and with a history of atopic disease in a parent or sibling were included in the ETAC^® (Early Treatment of the Atopic Child) trial, a multi-country, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The infants were treated for 18 months with either cetirizine (0.25mg/ kg b.i.d.) or placebo. The number of infants who developed asthma was compared between the two groups. Clinical and biological assessments including analysis of total and specific IgE antibodies were performed. Results. In the placebo group, the relative risk (RR) for developing asthma was elevated in patients with a raised level of total IgE (≥ 30 kU/I) or specific IgE (≥ 0.35 kUA/I) for grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander (RR between 1.4 and 1.7). Compared to placebo, cetirizine significantly reduced the incidence of asthma for patients sensitised to grass pollen (RR = 0.5) or to house dust mite (RR = 0.6). However, in the population that included all infants with normal and elevated total or specific IgE (intention-to-treat - ITT), there was no difference between the numbers of infants developing asthma while receiving cetirizine or placebo. The adverse events profile was similar in the two treatment groups. Discussion. Raised total IgE level and raised specific IgE levels to grass pollen, house dust mite or cat dander were predictive of subsequent asthma. Cetirizine halved the number of patients developing asthma in the subgroups sensitised to grass pollen or house dust mite (i.e. 20% of the study population). In view of the proven safety of the drug, we propose this treatment as a primary pharmacological intervention strategy to prevent the development of asthma in specifically sensitised infants with atopic dermatitis.     

Resurgence of measles in Singapore: profile of hospital cases

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the profile of cases of measles seen at a general hospital during a recent outbreak that occurred despite a measles vaccination program. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study from January 1991 to March 1998. All patients with measles (ICD code 055. 9) seen at the emergency unit or as inpatients were included. RESULTS: There were 87 cases identified. The diagnosis was clinical in all and proven serologically in 71%. Eighty-five per cent of the cases occurred between January 1997 and March 1998. There was a bi-modal age distribution with peaks in the very young (相似文献   

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孤独症谱系障碍(autistic-spectrum disorders,ASDs)近年来患病率逐年攀升至1%左右,其症状往往伴随终生,成为严重威胁儿童健康和发展的神经发育性疾患;注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是儿童期最常见的精神障碍,国内报道患病率为4.13%～5.83%,其症状可延续至青少年期,甚至到成年期[1]。这两类精神障碍在成年期的临床表现、共患病、治疗策略和预后与儿童期有哪些不同呢?本文通过回顾相     

EXCITING NEW TREATMENT APPROACHES FOR PATHYPHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF SICKLE CELL DISEASE

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vaso occlusion. Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies include butyrate compounds, clotrimazole, magnesium supplementation, poloxamer 188, antiadhesion agents, anticoagulant approaches, and nitric oxide. Hemopoietic transplantation remains the only curative therapy. However, several transgenic mouse models are available for studies of gene therapy or other treatment approaches on biochemical, cellular, and pathologic effects of mutant genes.     

Infiltrations of Epstein-Barr virus-carrying cells in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders corresponding to chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection

A 21-year-old man with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders (GLPD) associated with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is described. Chromosomal analyses revealed several clonal abnormalities and two of them were mainly repetitious. High copy numbers of monoclonal EBV genome were also detected in the proliferative large granular lymphocytes (LGLs), indicating the monoclonal expansion of EBV-infected LGLs. The patient had an indolent course for several years, and there was no evidence of infiltrations of his bone marrow until the end stage. At autopsy, microscopic studies revealed marked infiltrations of LGL in the liver and spleen, and the infiltrating cells were NK-cell immunophenotype. The infiltrated LGLs showed latency I.     

LUTEINIZING HORMONE RECEPTOR MUTATIONS IN DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND CANCER

Human male sexual development is regulated by chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Aberrant sexual development caused by both activating and inactivating mutations of the human luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) have been described. All known activating mutations of the LHR are missense mutations caused by single base substitution. The most common activating mutation is the replacement of Asp-578 by Gly due to the substitution of A by G at nucleotide position 1733. All activating mutations are present in exon 11 which encodes the transmembrane domain of the receptor. Constitutive activity of the LHR causes LH releasing hormone-independent precocious puberty in boys and the autosomal dominant disorder familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP). Both germline and somatic activating mutations of the LHR have been found in patients with testicular tumors. Activating mutations have no effect on females. The molecular genetics of the inactivating mutations of the LHR are more variable and include single base substitution, partial gene deletion, and insertion. These mutations are not localized and are present in both the extracellular and transmembrane domain of the receptor. Inactivation of the LHR gives rise to the autosomal recessive disorder Leydig cell hypoplasia (LCH) and male hypogonadism or male pseudohermaphroditism. Severity of the clinical phenotype in LCH patients correlates with the amount of residual activity of the mutated receptor. Females are less affected by inactivating mutation of the LHR. Symptoms caused by homozygous inactivating mutation of the LHR include polycystic ovaries and primary amenorrhea.     

A profile of respiratory symptoms in urban and rural South Australian school children

This report describes the cross-sectional analyses of data from the first year of a longitudinal study using questionnaire and respiratory function data over a 5 year period from a sample of rural South Australian school children. The cumulative or lifetime prevalences of respiratory symptoms were estimated in 825 rural and 1261 urban school children aged between 5 and 15 years in order to determine if the prevalence rates differed between rural and urban school children. The study found the overall cumulative prevalence of asthma and/or wheezy breathing (AWB) to be 24.1% in the rural school children compared to 27.6% in the urban school children. Most children developed AWB symptoms before the age of 7 years, with 20% reporting moderately severe symptoms and 10% having more than one attack per fortnight. The cumulative prevalence of bronchitis, loose/rattly cough (BLRC) differed significantly between the rural school children (34.1%) and urban school children (47.9%). The BLRC symptoms preceded the development of AWB in many cases. Urban school children also reported a higher prevalence of atopic conditions.     

Personality profiles and heart rate variability (vagal tone) in children with recurrent abdominal pain

The aim of the study was to explore psychological factors and autonomic activity in children with recurrent abdominal pain and to compare them with those in a control group of healthy children. The Personality Inventory for Children was used for assessment of developmental, emotional and psychosocial factors in 25 children with recurrent abdominal pain (age, 7-15 y). Parasympathetic and sympathetic functions in these children and in 23 healthy control subjects (age, 7-13 y) were also investigated, non-invasively using a computerized polygraph. Vagal tone (parasympathetic function) was indexed by calculation of respiratory sinus arrhythmia in beats/min. Skin conductance (sympathetic function) was recorded by the constant current method. On the Personality Inventory for Children, 16 patients had high scores on somatic concern. Several patients had scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal and anxiety, but the mean scores for these personality profile scales were well within the normal range of healthy children. Interestingly, there was a spike on the L (Lie)-scale for most of the patients and 15 patients had scores above or close to the clinical cut-off value. As compared with the scores in healthy children, vagal tone and sympathetic tone were normal. Conclusion: Many children with recurrent abdominal pain have scores in the clinical range for depression, withdrawal, anxiety and L-scale indicating coping problems, denial and a trend towards somatic concern that may contribute to the evolution of abdominal pain. Autonomic nerve activity was not disturbed in these children.     

Hauttemperaturen verschiedener Körperoberflächenareale des Rumpfes bei Säuglingen

Summary In two groups of infants (3–53 weeks old) skin temperatures were controlled in different areas of the trunk—i.e.: regions of sternum, lungs, heart, liver, spleen, kidneys—at different room-temperatures (group I: 21–25°C; group II: 29–32°C). Rectal temperatures of some probands in both groups also had been controlled simultaneously. A definite change in the reaction to heat was proofed in different periods of the first year of life. In higher environmental temperatures the skin temperature was almost constant at every controll-point of the skin, even in older infants. In lower environmental temperatures the skin temperatures lowered continuously with age till 7. to 9. moth. From 10. to 12. month the lowering of skin temperature discontinued. The rectal temperatures were relatively constant in all infants. Only in infants from 7. to 12. month, whose skin temperatures were controlled in lower as well as in higher environmental temperatures, a tendency to higher rectal temperatures was proofed in warmer environmental temperatures.The significance of these results is discussed.

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Untersuchungen mit Unterstützung durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.