射血分数保留型心力衰竭合并肾功能不全的研究进展

射血分数保留型心力衰竭（HFpEF）是发病率及死亡率均较高的一种常见疾病,肾功能不全是HFpEF患者常见的伴随疾病。HFpEF-肾功能不全共病的发病机制尚未完全阐明,HFpEF与肾功能损伤常相互影响、交互促进疾病的进展。与单纯HFpEF患者相比,HFpEF合并肾功能不全患者预后较差,且随肾损伤程度的加重患者死亡风险增加。HFpEF合并肾功能不全目前无公认有效治疗方法,亟需研究新型治疗策略以改善患者预后。     

射血分数保留的心力衰竭诊断与管理

<正>射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF)的发病率和病死率较高,是常见的临床综合征。有研究显示,HFpEF约占心力衰竭患者的50%,HFpEF已经成为心力衰竭发病率、病死率的首要原因[1]。Lam等研究表明,HFpEF患者以女性和老年人为主,常合并肥胖、高血压、慢性肾脏病、冠心病、贫血、高脂血症、糖尿病和心房颤动等。HFpEF患者生活质量     

射血分数保留性心力衰竭合并糖尿病的研究进展

心力衰竭是一种心脏结构或功能异常所致的临床综合征,据推测目前中国心血管病患者人数为2.9亿,其中心力衰竭占据450万。依据左心室射血分数,心力衰竭又分为射血分数降低性心力衰竭(HFrEF)和射血分数保留性心力衰竭(HFpEF)。近年来,HFpEF的发病率明显较HFrEF增加且已成为研究的热点。高血压、糖尿病和冠心病是常见能导致心力衰竭的基础疾病,其中糖尿病是最常见合并症之一。在美国,糖尿病在HFpEF中的患病率约为45%,但人们对这一人群的特征和结果了解甚少,在中国更是这样。现总结几项HFpEF治疗临床试验的数据,这些数据都表明糖尿病与HFpEF的发病率和长期死亡率增加有关,并讨论了HFpEF和糖尿病中的几种常见病理机制,包括钠潴留、代谢紊乱、骨骼肌功能受损和潜在的治疗靶点。随着对合并HFpEF和糖尿病的理解的增加,希望能为临床医生更好地提供有效的治疗方法。     

左室射血分数保留性心力衰竭住院患者回顾性分析

目的调查评价左室射血分数保留性心力衰竭(HFpEF)的相关因素及治疗现状;分析HFp EF与左室射血分数降低性心力衰竭(HFr EF)的关系。方法通过回顾性、对照研究方法,收集2013年3月至2014年3月千佛山医院入院治疗的142例HFp EF患者的临床资料,对合并单一疾病、性别、年龄等方面进行统计分析。结果 HFpEF患者中主要合并疾病为高血压、冠心病、房颤(分别占31.4%、31.4%、19.0%)。中青年组主要合并疾病是高血压,老年组首位合并疾病为冠心病,二组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);血压控制对HFp EF合并高血压患者的预后有积极作用(P0.01);HFp EF与HFr EF相比美国纽约心脏病学会(NYHA)等级分布显著低(P0.01)。结论高龄、冠心病可能逐渐成为HFr EF的主要流行趋势,HFp EF与HFr EE相比心力衰竭症状相对较轻,血压控制对HFp EF的治疗有效。     

贫血和慢性肾脏病对高龄老年射血分数保留的心力衰竭患者预后影响的研究

目的 探讨贫血和慢性肾脏病(CKD)对高龄老年射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF)患者预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2016年1月至2023年3月解放军联勤保障部队第九六〇医院全科医学科收治的HFpEF高龄(年龄≥80岁)老年患者224例,根据患者入院时肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和血红蛋白水平分为非CKD+非贫血组88例、CKD组14例、贫血组79例和CKD+贫血组43例,按贫血程度将贫血组分为轻度贫血组67例和中重度贫血组12例,CKD+贫血组分为CKD+轻度贫血组31例、CKD+中度贫血组12例。以全因死亡、心血管死亡或至随访结束为随访终点,分析CKD和贫血与HFpEF患者预后的关系。结果 所有患者随访期间发生全因死亡100例(44.6%),心血管死亡32例(14.3%)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析显示,CKD+贫血组的全因病死率和心血管病死率均高于非CKD+非贫血组、CKD组和贫血组(P<0.01)。Cox回归分析显示,CKD+中度贫血组全因死亡和心血管死亡风险显著高于非CKD+非贫血组(HR=6.43,95%CI:2.82～14.68,P=0.000;HR=10.63...     

射血分数保留型心力衰竭合并2型糖尿病的研究进展

【摘要】射血分数保留型心力衰竭（Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, HFpEF），是一种特殊类型的心力衰竭，约占全部心力衰竭患者的50%。HFpEF的确切的发病机制尚不完全清楚。2型糖尿病(Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, DM)在HFpEF患者中有较高的发病率，2型糖尿病合并射血分数保留型心力衰竭（Diabetes Mellitus-Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction, DM-HFpEF）患者在临床上常表现为心力衰竭症状重、治疗效果差、最佳治疗方法仍不明确，考虑HFpEF患者的发病机制与2型糖尿病有关。     

老年高血压患者肾功能不全相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨老年高血压患者肾功能不全的相关危险因素.方法 比较高血压合并慢性肾病患者(CKD组)与非CKD者(对照组)心血管病、糖尿病、高尿酸血症等患病情况和24 h动态血压参数,分析疾病和代谢异常与CKD的关系.结果 CKD组冠心病、慢性心力衰竭(CHF)、糖尿病和高尿酸血症患病例数明显多于对照组(均P＜0.05);Logistic多元回归分析显示,高尿酸血症、冠心病、CHF、糖尿病与CKD相关,是高血压患者CKD的独立危险因素.CKD组血清尿酸水平明显高于对照组;糖尿病病程显著长于对照组(均P＜0.01).患者血清尿酸水平、糖尿病病程与GFR呈显著负相关(r=-0.377,P＜0.01,r=-0.437,P＜0.05).血清尿酸水平与脉压、日间收缩压负荷正相关,与平均舒张压、夜间舒张压呈负相关;糖尿病病程与夜间收缩压呈正相关(均P＜0.05).结论 在老年高血压患者中,冠心病、CHF、高尿酸血症、糖尿病与CKD密切相关.降压治疗的同时应注意多重危险因素的管理并注意药物的选择.     

不同心力衰竭类型对肾功能不全合并心力衰竭患者肾脏远期预后的影响

目的探讨不同心力衰竭类型对肾功能不全合并心力衰竭患者肾脏远期预后的影响。方法该研究为回顾性队列研究。纳入首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院2018年1月1日至2019年6月30日肾功能不全[基线估算肾小球滤过率 < 60 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1]合并心力衰竭随访时间≥ 2年的住院患者。根据入院时超声心动图检查的基线左心室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF)将患者分为射血分数减低型心力衰竭(heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, HFrEF)组(LVEF < 40%)、射血分数轻度减低型心力衰竭(heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction, HFmrEF)组(40% ≤ LVEF < 50%)及射血分数保留型心力衰竭(heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF)组(LVEF ≥ 50%)。通过电子病历系统收集入选患者的一般临床资料...     

射血分数保留的心力衰竭的研究进展

<正>射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF)占心力衰竭总数的50%^[1]。来自社区动脉粥样硬化风险研究的数据表明,美国每年新诊断850 000例心力衰竭患者,其中一半为HFpEF。China-HF研究纳入国内132家医院13 687例心力衰竭患者数据分析显示,LVEF≥50%心力衰竭患者占心力衰竭总数的46.9%。随着我国人口老龄化进程加剧以及高血压、糖尿病、肥胖等疾病患病率不断增加,HFpEF患病率正在急剧增长。     

病态窦房结综合征患者起搏器置入术后发生心力衰竭的随访研究

目的:探讨术前心功能正常的病态窦房结综合征(SSS)患者置入双腔起搏器后心力衰竭的发生情况,并分析相关影响因素。方法:对2001年至2015年大连医科大学附属第一医院确诊为SSS并首次安装双腔起搏器的150例患者进行回顾性研究,记录患者术前基本情况及术后随访结果。终点事件为随访中患者新发心力衰竭。应用Cox比例风险模型评估心力衰竭发生的独立危险因素,应用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线评估累积心力衰竭的发生情况。结果:有145例SSS患者完成随访,平均随访时间为(88±41)个月,91.7%患者的SSS相关症状(头晕、黑曚、晕厥、乏力等)得到改善。随访结束时,35例(24.3%)SSS患者出现心力衰竭。随访1年、3年、5年、10年的新发心力衰竭累积发生率分别为2.8%、10.6%、13.7%、27.2%。高心室起搏百分比(VP%≥50%),术前合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病、糖尿病、瓣膜病、阵发性房颤,术前左室后壁厚度(LVPWT)是心力衰竭发生的独立危险因素。在35例新发心力衰竭患者中,射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF)24例(68.6%),射血分数降低的心力衰竭5例(14.3%),射血分数中间值的心力衰竭6例(17.1%)。年龄、术前室间隔厚度(IVST)、术前合并瓣膜病和阵发性房颤是HFpEF发生的独立危险因素。结论:SSS患者起搏器置入术后预后相对较好。新发心力衰竭以HFpEF为主。高VP%、术前LVPWT、术前合并阵发性房颤等基础疾病为SSS患者起搏器置入术后新发心力衰竭的独立危险因素,年龄、术前IVST、术前合并瓣膜病和阵发性房颤为发生HFpEF的独立危险因素。减少不必要的右室起搏及抑制心室重构对患者术后心功能改善至关重要。     

Impact of comorbidities on health status measured using the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire in patients with heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction

Aim

Patients with heart failure (HF) often suffer from a range of comorbidities, which may affect their health status. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of different comorbidities on health status in patients with HF and reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods and results

Using individual patient data from HFrEF (ATMOSPHERE, PARADIGM-HF, DAPA-HF) and HFpEF (TOPCAT, PARAGON-HF) trials, we examined the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) domain scores and overall summary score (KCCQ-OSS) across a range of cardiorespiratory (angina, atrial fibrillation [AF], stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]) and other comorbidities (obesity, diabetes, chronic kidney disease [CKD], anaemia). Of patients with HFrEF (n = 20 159), 36.2% had AF, 33.9% CKD, 33.9% diabetes, 31.4% obesity, 25.5% angina, 12.2% COPD, 8.4% stroke, and 4.4% anaemia; the corresponding proportions in HFpEF (n = 6563) were: 54.0% AF, 48.7% CKD, 43.4% diabetes, 53.3% obesity, 28.6% angina, 14.7% COPD, 10.2% stroke, and 6.5% anaemia. HFpEF patients had lower KCCQ domain scores and KCCQ-OSS (67.8 vs. 71.3) than HFrEF patients. Physical limitations, social limitations and quality of life domains were reduced more than symptom frequency and symptom burden domains. In both HFrEF and HFpEF, COPD, angina, anaemia, and obesity were associated with the lowest scores. An increasing number of comorbidities was associated with decreasing scores (e.g. KCCQ-OSS 0 vs. ≥4 comorbidities: HFrEF 76.8 vs. 66.4; HFpEF 73.7 vs. 65.2).

Conclusions

Cardiac and non-cardiac comorbidities are common in both HFrEF and HFpEF patients and most are associated with reductions in health status although the impact varied among comorbidities, by the number of comorbidities, and by HF phenotype. Treating/correcting comorbidity is a therapeutic approach that may improve the health status of patients with HF.     

Diastolic Dysfunction,an Underestimated New Challenge in Dialysis

Heart failure (HF) is very common in the general population and specifically in CKD patients due to higher prevalence of traditional and CKD‐related risk factors. In particular, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) can affect over 50% of dialysis patients. However, little is known about this entity in CKD. It has been inadequately recognized over time and few data exist regarding clinical profiles and outcomes in dialysis patients. The aim of this paper is to do a critical appraisal of the diagnosis, clinical impact, and management of HFpEF with a focus on new diagnostic criteria and its impact on dialysis.     

Renal Failure in Sickle Cell Disease: Prevalence,Predictors of Disease,Mortality and Effect on Length of Hospital Stay

Renal dysfunction in sickle cell disease is not only a chronic comorbidity but also a mortality risk factor. Though renal dysfunction starts early in life in sickle cell patients, the predictors that can identify sickle cell disease patients at risk of developing renal dysfunction is not known. We used the Truven Health MarketScan^® Medicaid Databases from 2007 to 2012. Incidence of new acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) was calculated in this cohort. There were 9481 patients with a diagnosis of sickle cell disease accounting for 64,201 hospital admissions, during the study period. Both ARF and CKD were associated with higher risk of inpatient mortality, longer duration of the hospital stay and expensive hospitalizations. The yearly incidence of new ARF in sickle cell disease patients was 1.4% and annual CKD incidence was 1.3%. The annual rate of new ARF and CKD in the control group was 0.4 and 0.6%, respectively. The most important predictors of new CKD were proteinuria, ARF and hypertension. Chronic kidney disease, hypertension and sickle cell crisis were the most important predictors of new ARF. The annual rate of incidences of ARF and CKD were 2- to 3-fold higher in sickle cell disease compared to the non sickle cell disease group. Besides the common risk factors for renal disease in the general population, it is imperative to monitor the sickle cell disease patients with more severe disease to prevent them from developing renal dysfunction.     

Evolving Approaches to the Management of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). In studies of HFpEF, the reported prevalence of CAD varies widely, which may be the result of inconsistent definitions of CAD, geographic and ethnic differences in CAD burden, varying definitions of HFpEF (including different cutoffs for “preserved ejection fraction”), and differences in study design. Despite these limitations, pooled analysis of prospective HFpEF studies demonstrates that CAD is common in HFpEF, with an estimated prevalence of approximately 50%. Based on available data, patients with signs and symptoms of heart failure who have preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and evidence of CAD (HFpEF-CAD) most likely comprise a distinct etiologic and pathophysiologic subset of HFpEF. Therefore, future clinical trials in HFpEF should a priori stratify by CAD or specifically target patients with CAD, strategies that may improve the disappointing track record of therapies tested in HFpEF. The combination of systematic evaluation and management of CAD in HFpEF, along with promising future therapies for HFpEF-CAD, may lead to improved outcomes for this challenging clinical syndrome.     

Chronic baroreflex activation: a potential therapeutic approach to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a substantial public health issue, equal in magnitude to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Clinical outcomes of HFpEF patients are generally poor, related annual accrual of health care expenses amount to billions of dollars, and no therapy has been shown to be effective in randomized clinical trials. Baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) produced by stimulating the carotid sinuses using an implanted device (Rheos) is being studied for the treatment of hypertension, the primary comorbidity of HFpEF. Other potential benefits include regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, normalization of the sympathovagal balance, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, arterio- and venodilation, and preservation of renal function. This paper reviews the evidence suggesting that BAT may be a promising therapy for HFpEF and introduces the HOPE4HF trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00957073), a randomized outcomes trial designed to evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of BAT in the HFpEF population.     

Epidemiology of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) and its subtype, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), is on the rise due to aging of the population. HFpEF is convergence of several pathophysiological processes, which are not yet clearly identified. HFpEF is usually seen in association with systemic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, sleep apnea, renal and pulmonary disease. The proportion of HF patients with HFpEF varies by patient demographics, study settings (cohort vs. clinical trial, outpatient clinics vs. hospitalised patients) and cut points used to define preserved function. There is an expanding body of literature about prevalence and prognostic significance of both cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular comorbidities in HFpEF patients. Current therapeutic approaches are targeted towards alleviating the symptoms, treating the associated comorbid conditions, and reducing recurrent hospital admissions. There is lack of evidence-based therapies that show a reduction in the mortality amongst HFpEF patients; however, an improvement in exercise tolerance and quality of life is seen with few interventions. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology and current treatment options for HFpEF.     

痛风合并慢性肾脏疾病的药物治疗

慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)正困扰越来越多的痛风患者,是痛风最常见的合并症.然而,目前痛风和CKD的随机对照试验比较有限,并且指南并没有明确的痛风合并CKD患者的用药指导.痛风的治疗主要是控制痛风发作以及降尿酸治疗.非甾体类抗炎药物和秋水仙碱是急性痛风发作的一线治疗药物.然而,对于CKD患者,非甾体类抗炎药物因肾损伤并不被推荐.同样,秋水仙碱的毒性在CKD患者中是加剧的,其剂量应根据肾功能情况酌减.类固醇激素的使用也需要权衡利弊,因此免疫治疗可能成为未来治疗手段的重要方面.别嘌呤醇、非布司他、促尿酸排泄药物及聚乙二醇重组尿酸酶用于控制急性发作后的高尿酸血症.然而,因CKD患者需要限制别嘌呤醇剂量,从而影响了其疗效.聚乙二醇重组尿酸酶有待进一步研究,非布司他未曾在肌酐清除率＜ 30 ml/min的患者中研究.     

Right heart dysfunction and failure in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mechanisms and management. Position statement on behalf of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology

There is an unmet need for effective treatment strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Until recently, attention in patients with HFpEF was almost exclusively focused on the left side. However, it is now increasingly recognized that right heart dysfunction is common and contributes importantly to poor prognosis in HFpEF. More insights into the development of right heart dysfunction in HFpEF may aid to our knowledge about this complex disease and may eventually lead to better treatments to improve outcomes in these patients. In this position paper from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, the Committee on Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction reviews the prevalence, diagnosis, and pathophysiology of right heart dysfunction and failure in patients with HFpEF. Finally, potential treatment strategies, important knowledge gaps and future directions regarding the right side in HFpEF are discussed.