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1.
Fatemeh Saffari Maryam Rostamian Neda Esmailzadehha Keivan Shariatinejad Toktam Karimzadeh 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2012,22(3):392-398
Objective
Puberty is a critical time between childhood and adulthood. Many studies have reported that the mean age of breast development is decreasing. The aim of this study was to provide updated data on the pubertal development of girls and to evaluate precocious puberty in our population.Methods
This cross sectional study was conducted in 6 to 16 year old school girls during 2009-2010 in Qazvin. 2240 healthy girls from all geographical regions with every socioeconomic status were selected by a stratified multistage cluster design to obtain representative sample of population. A questionnaire including demographic data, anthropometric measurements, secondary sexual characteristics, menarche status and its onset was filled out for every participant. Secondary sexual characteristics including breast development (B1–5) and pubic hair (PH1–5) were evaluated according to Marshal and Tanner recommendation.Findings
The mean±SD of height, weight, and BMI of participants was 139.7±14.5, 36.1±12.9 and 17.9±3.7 respectively. The mean age (10th – 90th percentile) of B2 and PH2 were 9.71(7.67–11.4) and 9.82 years (7.84–11.42) respectively. Mean age of menstruation was 12.52 years. The mean BMI was significantly higher in pubertal females comparing to prepubertal girls (P<0.001). Average duration of puberty (the time from initiation of puberty to menarche) was 2.81 years.Conclusion
The mean age of pubertal onset in girls living in Qazvin is 9.71 years. Menarche occurs at mean age of 12.52 and onset of puberty earlier than 6.24 years will be precocious. We found that girls in Qazvin had a slightly earlier age of initiation of puberty and of menarche in comparison with other studies in Iran. 相似文献2.
Ali Rabbani Shahab Noorian Javad S. Fallah Arya Setoudeh Fatemeh Sayarifard Farzaneh Abbasi 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2013,23(3):327-332
Objective
This investigation aims to evaluate the validity of a Persian Tanner Stages Self-Assessment Questionnaire.Methods
In this cross sectional study, 190 male students aged 8-16 years selected from three layers of different regions of Tehran (North, Central and South) were enrolled. A Persian questionnaire illustrated with Tanner stages of puberty (genital development and pubic hair distribution) was prepared. Children were asked to select the illustration that best described their pubertal development. Tanner status of the children was also estimated by an independent physician using physical examination. The degree of agreement between subjects’ judgments with assessments made by the rater was compared through the calculation of the weighted kappa statistic coefficient.Findings
We found a substantial agreement between self-assessment of pubertal development made by the children and doctor''s assessment of genital development (kappa=0.63, P<0.0001) and also the pubic hair distribution (kappa= 0.74, P<0.0001). Although a large proportion of subjects in G4 (89.2%) and G5 (85.7%) were capable of accurately or almost accurately identifying their own Tanner sexual stages, some degree of disagreement was observed in G3 Tanner stage (%46.9).Conclusion
Self-assessment of puberty should be used very cautiously and may not be a substitute method for routine evaluation of pubertal state especially for early and mid pubertal groups. 相似文献3.
Background
Historical research is limited in changes in pubertal development in Chinese girls. We aimed to identify the timing of pubertal characteristics and the secular trend of menarche age among Beijing girls from the 1980s through the 2000s.Methods
Six data sets were analyzed, including the Beijing Child and Adolescent Metabolic Syndrome study in 2004, where 9778 Bejing girls aged 6–18 years were studied. The Fetal Origins of Adult Disease study provided retrospective menarche age from 1940 through 1960. Other four studies were conducted in Beijing to obtain supplementary information to assess secular trend in menarche age. Linear regression method was used to analyze the data.Results
Among Beijing girls in 2004, the median age at menarche was 12.1 years, which was 0.6 years earlier in urban than in rural areas. The median age at Breast Tanner Stage 2 was 9.5±1.2 years, representing 9.4±1.1 years and 9.6±1.2 years for urban and rural girls, respectively. In contrast, the median age at Pubic Hair Tanner Stage 2 was 11.1±1.1 years, representing 10.8±1.1 and 11.4±1.1 years for urban and rural girls, respectively. The menarche age of urban girls decreased by 4.2 months per decade, and that of rural girls by 9.6 months per decade from 1980 to 2004.Conclusions
Urban girls mature earlier than rural girls in Beijing. A secular trend towards earlier menarche was observed between the 1980s and the 2000s. 相似文献4.
Somchit Jaruratanasirikul Atchariya Chanpong Nuttaporn Tassanakijpanich Hutcha Sriplung 《World journal of pediatrics : WJP》2014,10(3):256-261
Background
Declines in the onset age of secondary sexual development have been reported in a number of recent studies in western and Asian countries. A study of Hat-Yai school girls in 1994 in Thailand showed that the ages at thelarche and menarche were 9.9 and 12.4 years, respectively. This study was to determine whether there was a decline in the average age of puberty in Hat-Yai school girls from 1994 to 2012.Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2140 healthy Hat-Yai school girls, aged 6–18 years, from June 2011 to March 2012. Breast and pubic hair development was assessed by the Tanner staging method. Probit analysis was used to calculate the median ages of different stages of breast and pubic hair development, and the age of menarche.Results
The median ages of girls having thelarche and menarche were 9.6 (95% CI, 9.4–9.8) and 12.2 (95% CI, 11.9–12.4) years, which declined from 9.9 (95% CI, 9.7–10.1) and 12.4 years (95% CI, 12.2–12.6) in the 1994 study respectively, however, without statistical significance. The youngest ages of girls who had breast stage 2 and menarche were 7.2 and 9.2 years, respectively. The final height at age 14 years in this cohort (157.3 cm) was 2.3 cm greater than that of girls in 1994 (155.0 cm).Conclusions
From 1994 to 2012, the age at onset of thelarche and menarche of girls in Hat-Yai municipality declined by 0.2 and 0.3 years, respectively. The earlier age at onset of puberty had no effect on final adult height. 相似文献5.
Pernilla Svefors Jesmin Pervin Ashraful Islam Khan Anisur Rahman Eva-Charlotte Ekström Shams El Arifeen Katarina Ekholm Selling Lars-Åke Persson 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》2020,109(1):122-133
Aim
This paper aimed to analyse the association between small for size at birth, stunting, recovery from stunting and pubertal development in a rural Bangladeshi cohort.Methods
The participants were 994 girls and 987 boys whose mothers participated in the Maternal and Infant Nutrition Interventions in Matlab trial. The birth cohort was followed from birth to puberty 2001-2017. Pubertal development according to Tanner was self-assessed. Age at menarche was determined and in boys, consecutive height measurements were used to ascertain whether pubertal growth spurt had started. The exposures and outcomes were modelled by Cox’s proportional hazards analyses and logistic regression.Results
There was no difference in age at menarche between girls that were small or appropriate for gestational age at birth. Boys born small for gestational age entered their pubertal growth spurt later than those with appropriate weight. Children who were stunted had later pubertal development, age at menarche and onset of growth spurt than non-stunted children. Children who recovered from infant or early childhood stunting had similar pubertal development as non-stunted children.Conclusion
Infant and childhood stunting was associated with a later pubertal development. Recovery from stunting was not associated with earlier puberty in comparison with non-stunted children.6.
Hessam Hassanzadeh Kashani Morvarid Sadat Kavosh Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli Mehdi Montazer Nooshin Rostampour Roya Kelishadi Keivan Shariatnejad Pooneh Memar-Ardestani Saeyed Mohsen Hosseini Zahra Abdeyazdan Mahin Hashemipour 《World journal of pediatrics : WJP》2009,5(2):132-135
Background To obtain normal references for growth and pubertal development in a given population, assessment of pubertal stages is of
great importance. This study aimed to determine the age of appearance of secondary sexual characteristics in a representative
sample of Iranian girls.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during 2005–2006 in 3192 girl students, aged 6–17 years, in Isfahan, Iran. Participants
were selected by multistage random cluster sampling from school students. Secondary sexual characteristics were evaluated
by inspection and palpation, and were recorded according to Tanner staging. The self-reported date of menarche (if any) was
recorded as well. Data were analyzed with Probit analysis based on the status quo method.
Results The median ages (10th–90th percentile) of Tanner stage 2 breast development (B2) and Tanner stage 2 pubic hair growth (PH2)
were 10.14 years (8.33–11.95 years) and 10.78 years (9.09–12.48 years), respectively. The ages of the 3rd percentile for B2
and PH2 were 7.48 and 8.29 years, respectively. The median age of menarche among the 3192 girls who had experienced menarche
was 12.65 years (11.18–14.11 years).
Conclusions The median age of puberty onset is 10.14 years, and the onset of puberty before 7.5 years is considered as precocious puberty
in a representative sample of Iranian girls. The values obtained from the present study can provide baseline data for analysis
of time trends, as well as for international comparisons. 相似文献
7.
Mitra Yousefi Wilfried Karmaus Hongmei Zhang Graham Roberts Sharon Matthews Bernie Clayton Syed Hasan Arshad 《World journal of pediatrics : WJP》2013,9(3):230-238
Background
Changes during puberty may influence final adult height. Height is related to multiple health conditions, including lung function. We investigated the association between the age of onset of five puberty events and height at age 18 years, analyzing boys and girls separately.Methods
Of 1456 children recruited into the Isle of Wight birth cohort (1989–1990), 1313 were followed up at age 18 years. Height was measured, and age of pubertal onset was collected at age 18 years. Cluster analysis was performed on the five puberty events in boys and girls and linear regression was applied with the clusters predicting height at age 18 years. Individual linear regression analyses assessed the age of onset of each pubertal event as a potential predictor for height at age 18 years.Results
Of the 1313 children followed up at age 18 years, 653 were males and 660 were females. All puberty variables had high internal consistency. In girls, earlier age of menarche, breast development, and growth spurt were related to shorter height. In boys, earlier age of growth spurt and slower progression through puberty were related to taller height at age 18 years.Conclusions
Given that boys and girls may have opposing associations between pubertal timing and adult height and that height is an important predictor of lung function, the effect of pubertal timing on respiratory health should be explored. 相似文献8.
Siamak Shiva Afshin Fayyazi Armen Melikian Shadi Shiva 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2012,22(4):487-492
Objective
Precocious puberty is of concern because of the underlying disorders, the short adult stature, and the psychosocial difficulties. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the characteristics of children referred to pediatric endocrinology clinic with diagnosis of precocious puberty.Methods
In a cross-sectional study between February 2007 and September 2009, all of the children referred to pediatric endocrinology clinic in North-West Iran with diagnosis of precocious puberty were recruited.Findings
Data of 106 girls (82.2%) and 23 boys (17.8%) were analyzed. Mean age of the patients at the time of referral was 6.6±2.8 years (ranging 0.3-14 yr), which was 7±3.9 (ranging 0.3-14 yr) for boys and 6.6±2.5 (ranging 0.8-12 yr) for girls (P=0.6). Out of 129 subjects, 56(43.4%) had precocious puberty, 71.4% (35 cases) of them were due to central precocious puberty and 28.6% (16 cases) were pseudo-precocious puberty. 73 out of 129 subjects (56.6%) were due to normal variants of puberty, normal puberty, and no puberty. 87.5% of subjects with central precocious puberty were idiopathic.Conclusion
Most of children referred with diagnosis of precocious puberty have benign normal variants. Most of cases with precocious puberty are affected with central precocious puberty, especially with idiopathic form of it. 相似文献9.
Pubertal development in The Netherlands 1965-1997 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Mul D Fredriks AM van Buuren S Oostdijk W Verloove-Vanhorick SP Wit JM 《Pediatric research》2001,50(4):479-486
We investigated pubertal development of 4019 boys and 3562 girls >8 y of age participating in a cross-sectional survey in The Netherlands and compared the results with those of two previous surveys. Reference curves for all pubertal stages were constructed. The 50th percentile of Tanner breast stage 2 was 10.7 y, and 50% of the boys had reached a testicular volume of 4 mL at 11.5 y of age. Median age at menarche was 13.15 y. The median age at which the various stages of pubertal development were observed has stabilized since 1980. The increase of the age at stage G2 between 1965 and 1997 is probably owing to different interpretations of its definition. The current age limits for the definition of precocious are close to the third percentile of these references. A high agreement was found between the pubic hair stages and stages of pubertal (genital and breast) development, but slightly more in boys than in girls. Menarcheal age was dependent on height, weight, and body mass index. At a given age tall or heavy girls have a higher probability of having menarche compared with short or thin girls. A body weight exceeding 60 kg (+1 SDS), or a body mass index of >20 (+1 SDS), has no or little effect on the chance of having menarche, whereas for height such a ceiling effect was not observed. In conclusion, in The Netherlands the age at onset of puberty or menarche has stabilized since 1980. Height, weight, and body mass index have a strong influence on the chance of menarche. 相似文献
10.
Aazam Doustmohammadian Morteza Abdollahi Dolly Bondarianzadeh Anahita Houshiarrad Mitra Abtahi 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2012,22(1):35-42
Objective
Overweight among adolescents is not only an important public health problem but also a problem affecting economic growth in developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the parental determinants of overweight and obesity in Iranian adolescents at national level.Methods
This cross sectional study was conducted within the framework of the Comprehensive Study on Household Food Consumption Patterns and Nutritional Status of IR Iran during 2001-2003. In adolescents, anthropometric indices were defined based on the CDC 2000 cut-off points for age and gender-specific body mass index (BMI). Parental characteristics were collected by questionnaire. Among the 7158 participating households, data on 7908 adolescents aged 11-19 years (3750 girls and 4158 boys) was analyzed.Findings
The prevalence of overweight (85–94th percentile) in boys and girls was 6.2%, and 8.7%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity (≥95th percentile) among boys and girls was similar (3.3%). Parents’ weight status, father''s job and parents’ education showed significant association with weight status in adolescents. Logistic regression analysis showed that parental overweight and obesity, parental education and father''s job were the main parental determinants of overweight and obesity in Iranian adolescents.Conclusion
Parental overweight and obesity, parental education and father''s job seem to be the major parental determinants of overweight in Iranian adolescents. Future prevention programs must take these risk factors into account. 相似文献11.
Masoud Amiri Roya Kelishadi Mohammad-Esmaeil Motlagh Mahnaz Taslimi Marziyeh Dashti Tahereh Aminaee Gelayol Ardalan Parinaz Poursafa 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2013,23(1):71-78
Objective
To assess the national inequality of school readiness and autism among 6-year-old Iranian children before school entry using a national health assessment survey.Methods
In a cross-sectional nationwide survey, all Iranian children entering public and private elementary schools were asked to participate in a mandatory national screening program in Iran in 2009 in two levels of screening and diagnostic levels.Findings
The study population consisted of 955388 children (48.5% girls and 76.1% urban residents). Of the whole children, 3.1% of the 6-year-old children had impaired vision. In addition, 1.2, 1.8, 1.4, 7.6, 0.08, 10, 10.9, 56.7, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.6 percent had color blindness, hearing impaired, speech disorder, school readiness, autism, height to age retardation, body mass index extremes, decayed teeth, disease with special needs, spinal disorders, and hypertension, respectively. The distribution of these disorders was unequally distributed across provinces.Conclusion
Our results confirmed that there is an inequality in distribution of school readiness and autism in 6-year-old children across Iranian provinces. The observed burden of these distributions among young children needs a comprehensive national policy with evidence-based province programs to identify the reason for different inequality among provinces. 相似文献12.
Betul Sozeri Sevgi Mir Orhan Deniz Kara Nida Dincel 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2011,21(3):271-277
Objective
Malnutrition is closely linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) in adult patients with poor outcome. But data on pediatric patients is inadequate. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of growth failure and malnutrition in pediatric CKD patients and explore the relationship of these parameters to each other and to other clinical parameters.Methods
This study included 42 patients and 29 healthy children matched for age and gender. Patients were classified firstly in age group and secondly in therapy modalities. Nutritional evaluations were performed according to the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines, and we performed adjustments using values from children with the same chronological age as reference.Findings
In pubertal group, the mean height SDS was lower than in pre-pubertal period while it was higher than in early childhood (P=0.4 and P=0.03 respectively). In all groups, 45% of patients had malnutrition: 20 patients on predialysis, 22 patients with end stage renal disease (14 on hemodialysis, and 8 on peritoneal dialysis). The mean weight SDS was lower in end stage renal disease groups (P<0.001). The height SDS was lower in end stage renal disease groups (P<0.001).Conclusion
Growth failure and malnutrition remain a significant clinical problem as age and therapy modalities are dependent in children with CKD. 相似文献13.
Seyed-Jalil Mirmohammadi Rahmatollah Hafezi Amir Houshang Mehrparvar Bibiseyedeh Rezaeian Hamed Akbari 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2011,21(4):514-520
Objective
Malnutrition, overweight and obesity are major health concerns in modern societies and especially among children. Overweight and obesity affect children''s current and future health. It is known that the prevalence of overweight differs by race, sex, and geographic location.Methods
In a cross-sectional study 30092 Iranian children aged 7-18 years in six ethnic groups were selected by a cluster sampling. Prevalence of obesity and overweight and distribution of body mass index (BMI) by gender, age, and ethnicity were measured. Cutoff points of BMI for defining obesity and overweight were based on the Iranian, and IOTF standard values.Findings
This study showed a significant ethnic difference in BMI. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian children was 9.27% and 3.22% respectively comparing international standards. The frequency of overweight and obesity was higher in boys.Conclusion
This study showed a significant difference in BMI among different ethnic groups. 相似文献14.
Seyed-Mohsen Dehghani Mahmood Haghighat Mohammad-Hadi Imanieh Nasser Honar Amir-Masoud Negarestani Abdorrasoul Malekpour Mehran Hakimzadeh Naghi Dara 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2013,23(3):302-308
Objective
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a necroinflammatory liver disease of unknown etiology that occurs in the children of all ages. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical and paraclinical presentations, including pattern of autoantibodies, response to treatment, mortality, and liver transplantation outcome in the Iranian children with AIH.Methods
The medical records of 87 children (56 girls and 31 boy) diagnosed with AIH between 2001 and 2010 were retrospectively analyzed for clinical and paraclinical profiles and also treatment outcome.Findings
The mean age of the patients was 10.1±4.5 years (64.4% females). The most common clinical findings were jaundice (70.1%), splenomegaly (67.8%), and hepatomegaly (51.7%). Antinuclear, anti-smooth muscle, and anti LKM antibodies were positive in 14/62, 22/53 and 6/40 patients, respectively (36 patients had type 1 AIH, 6 patients had type 2 AIH, 26 patients were seronegative, and autoantibodies were not available in 19 cases). The most common histological finding in the liver biopsies was chronic hepatitis with interface activity that was seen in 65 (74.7%) patients. The complete response was seen in 52 (59.8%) patients and 24 (27.6%) patients underwent liver transplantation. One-year and five-year survival rates were 87.5% and 80% in the transplanted patients.Conclusion
AIH should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of both acute and chronic liver diseases in the children and treatment with combination of corticosteroids and azathioprine is a good treatment option. In the patients with end stage liver cirrhosis that did not respond to medical therapy, liver transplantation is the treatment of choice. 相似文献15.
Rahil Ahmadi Nahid Ramazani Rahmatollah Nourinasab 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2012,22(2):245-251
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and its relationship with systemic conditions in a group of Iranian children.Methods
The study population comprised of 433 7-9 year olds, from four schools in Zahedan, Iran. Subjects were evaluated clinically by one examiner, and at a separate session, their mothers completed a coded medical history questionnaire. Hypo-mineralized molars and incisors were recorded based on DDE (developmental defects of enamel) index and DMFT (number of decayed, filled and missing teeth) was determined. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square and independent sample t-tests.Findings
Fifty-five (12.7%) children showed MIH. The overall mean number of affected teeth was 0.2. The mean value of DMFT in MIH children was greater than in normal children. Demarcated opacities were the most frequent (76%) enamel defect. Mother''s and child''s medical problems during prenatal, perinatal and post natal period were significantly remarkable in MIH children.Conclusion
The prevalence of MIH in a group of Iranian children was 12.7%. Prenatal, perinatal and post natal medical conditions were more prevalent in children affected by MIH. 相似文献16.
Biro FM Huang B Crawford PB Lucky AW Striegel-Moore R Barton BA Daniels S 《The Journal of pediatrics》2006,148(2):234-240
OBJECTIVES: Since pubertal maturation is an important covariate in studies that evaluate physical and social changes that occur during the teen years, we examined pubertal parameters in a group of US girls. STUDY DESIGN: Black and white girls recruited at age 9 were followed annually for 10 years. Preece-Baines model 1 was used to estimate tempo and growth parameters. The temporal trend between age of menarche and onset of puberty was calculated. RESULTS: The study included 615 (77.2% prepubertal) white and 541 (49.4% prepubertal) black participants. Mean onset of puberty was 10.2 and 9.6 years in white and black girls, respectively, menarche was 12.6 and 12.0, achievement of Tanner growth stage 5 was 14.3 and 13.6, and achievement of adult height was 17.1 and 16.5 years. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between menarche and onset of puberty was .37. CONCLUSIONS: Menarche is often used as a marker for onset of puberty and for timing of puberty. Data gathered over the past 20 years suggest only moderate correlation between menarche and onset of puberty (.37-.38), which has decreased significantly during the last 50 years. This suggests the existence of both similar and unique factors that impact the age at onset of puberty and age at menarche. 相似文献
17.
Raman K. Marwaha M. K. Garg Kuntal Bhadra Namita Mahalle Ambrish Mithal Nikhil Tandon 《Indian pediatrics》2017,54(3):193-198
Objective
To prepare percentile charts of lean body mass (LBM) among Indian urban children and adolescents; and to evaluate gender differences in LBM, and its relation with pubertal status.Design
Secondary data analysis.Setting
School in city of Delhi, India.Participants
1403 apparently healthy children and adolescents (826 boys) with mean (SD) age 13.2 (2.7) years.Outcome measures
Lean body mass assessed by dual energy absorptiometry.Results
Total and regional lean mass were greater in older age groups in both sexes. LBM showed rising trends up to the age of 18 years in boys, whereas it plateaued after the age of 15 years in girls. The age-associated increase in LBM was significantly higher in boys (130%) compared to girls (83%) (P<0.001). Total and regional lean mass increased with progression of pubertal staging in both genders. During pubertal development, LBM almost doubled (100% increase) from stage-2 to stage-5 in boys, as opposed to a 73% rise in girls (P<0.001). Total and regional lean mass and Appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) was positively correlated with age, body mass index (BMI), serum 25(OH)D, total fat mass, and bone mineral content (BMC). Relation between LBM and BMC remained significant even after adjusting for age, fat mass and various biochemical parameters.Conclusion
Total and regional LBM rise with age and pubertal maturation in both genders, but more so in boys when compared to girls. LBM has direct bearing on BMC even after adjusting for age, fat mass and biochemical parameters.18.
Codner E Barrera A Mook-Kanamori D Bazaes RA Unanue N Gaete X Avila A Ugarte F Torrealba I Pérez V Panteón E Cassorla F 《Pediatric diabetes》2004,5(4):182-189
OBJECTIVES: We assessed pubertal development, height, weight, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), an index of central adiposity during puberty, in girls with type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), compared to a contemporary control group. METHODS: Pubertal development, weight, height and WHR were studied in 100 pubertal girls with T1DM, and were compared to a control group of 576 normal girls (C), recruited from schools with a similar socioeconomic level and ethnicity. The age of onset of various pubertal stages was estimated by using probit analysis. RESULTS: Breast Tanner stage 2 (BT2) began at 8.89 +/- 0.11 and 9.10 +/- 0.28 yr in C and T1DM, respectively. A delay of 6 months was observed in T1DM for BT3 and BT4 (p < 0.05). Menarche occurred 6 months later in girls with T1DM (p = 0.03). WHR decreased during puberty in C (p < 0.001), but not in T1DM. In girls with T1DM, the body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) increased throughout puberty (p < 0.001), but it was stable in C. In T1DM girls, BMI-SDS, but not hemoglobin A1c levels (HbA1c), was a significant determinant of pubertal development. Final height was similar in T1DM and C. CONCLUSIONS: Pubertal development in girls with T1DM occurred earlier than described in historical cohorts, but a later onset of menarche and final stages of breast development were observed. The increase in BMI-SDS and the stability of WHR in girls with T1DM during puberty suggest that this period may be critical for determining later weight gain and body composition in adult women with this condition. 相似文献
19.
20.
Alireza Fahimzad Masoomeh Taherian Reza Dalirani Ahmadreza Shamshiri 《Iranian journal of pediatrics.》2010,20(1):97-100