盆底磁电及肌筋膜手法修复对产后阴道松弛患者盆底肌力的影响

目的 探讨盆底磁电及肌筋膜手法修复对产后阴道松弛患者盆底肌力的影响。方法 选取2022年 1月-2023年1月在我院分娩的100例产后阴道松弛患者为研究对象,随机分为参照组和研究组,每组50例。 参照组实施常规盆底肌肉锻炼,研究组在参照组基础上实施盆底磁电及肌筋膜手法修复,比较两组盆底肌 力改善情况、阴道黏膜指标以及性功能评分。结果 研究组盆底肌力改善总有效率高于参照组,差异有统 计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组干预后阴道湿润度、阴道黏膜弹性及阴道黏膜上皮评分高于参照组,差异有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）;研究组干预后性唤起、性高潮、性欲、阴道润滑度、性交疼痛以及性生活满意度 评分高于参照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 盆底磁电及肌筋膜手法修复对产后阴道松弛患者 盆底肌力具有改善作用,可以提高患者盆底肌力,改善其阴道湿润度,提高阴道黏膜弹性及阴道黏膜上皮 情况,有效提升患者性生活水平。     

Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome and Pelvic Floor Spasm: Can We Diagnose and Treat?

National Institutes of Health category III prostatitis, also known as chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, is a common condition with significant impact on quality of life. This clinically defined syndrome has a multifactorial etiology and seems to respond best to multimodal therapy. At least half of these patients have pelvic floor spasm. There are several approaches to therapy including biofeedback, acupuncture, and myofascial release physical therapy. However, the only multicenter study of pelvic floor physical therapy for pelvic floor spasm in men failed to show an advantage over conventional Western massage. We have proposed a clinical phenotyping system called UPOINT to classify patients with urologic chronic pelvic pain and subsequently direct appropriate therapy. Here, we review the current approach to category III prostatitis and describe how clinical phenotyping with UPOINT may improve therapy outcomes.     

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术(Dixon)

在结肠系膜与后腹膜移行处切开后腹膜,分离系膜至肠系膜下动脉根部,清扫253组淋巴结,在距腹主动脉根部1 cm处夹闭并切断血管,切断肠系膜下静脉。由内侧向外侧分离结肠系膜至结肠旁沟,切开其左侧后腹膜,将降结肠及乙状结肠系膜从后腹壁游离。沿直肠固有筋膜与盆壁筋膜的间隙按照TME原则锐性分离直肠系膜,先游离后壁,再游离两侧壁及前壁,直至盆底。在肿瘤下方2 cm处用阻断夹夹闭肠管,冲洗远端直肠,用切割缝合器切断直肠。取脐部弧形切口。提出近端肠管,于肿瘤近端15 cm处离断肠管。近端置入管型吻合器抵钉座,还纳腹腔,重建气腹。经肛置入管型吻合器,在腹腔镜直视下作乙状结肠－直肠端端吻合,冲洗腹腔,置引流管,手术结束。     

Physical therapy management of pelvi/perineal and perianal pain syndromes

 Pelvic floor physical therapy is considered to be effective in the management of functional urogenital and anorectal disorders. A functioning pelvic floor is integral to increases in intra-abdominal pressure, provides rectal support during defecation, has an inhibitory effect on bladder activity, helps support pelvic organs, and assists in lumbopelvic stability. Coordinated release of the sphincters within a supporting extensible levator ani allows complete and effortless emptying. A major feature of pelvi/perineal and perianal pain syndromes commonly encountered by multidisciplinary clinicians is pelvic floor imbalance and incoordination. Precise pelvic floor and abdominal muscle coactivity, based on research, is used clinically. Motor and cognitive learning which can alter peripheral and central pain mechanisms and produce physical changes in the CNS, viscera, smooth and musculoskeletal tissues is the basis of physical therapy in pelvic floor and pelvic organ pain management.     

Laparoscopic colectomy for persistent descending mesocolon in sigmoid colon cancer: A case report

A 55-year-old-man underwent laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for sigmoid colon cancer. Preoperative barium enema showed a slightly medial displacement of the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon was quite long. The operative findings showed that the descending colon was not fused with the retroperitoneum and shifted to the midline and the left colon adhered to the small mesentery and right pelvic wall. Thus, a diagnosis of persistent descending mesocolon (PDM) was made. The left colon, sigmoid colon, and superior rectal arteries often branch radially from the inferior mesenteric artery. The sigmoid mesentery shortens, and the inferior mesenteric vein is often close to the marginal vessels. By understanding the anatomical feature of PDM and devising surgical techniques, laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for sigmoid colon cancer with PDM could be performed without compromising its curative effect and safety.     

Osteopathic manipulative treatment techniques preferred by contemporary osteopathic physicians

Data presented in this study were gathered through a national mail survey of 3000 randomly selected osteopathic physicians. A total of 955 questionnaires were usable for analysis. Osteopathic physicians' likelihood of using eleven osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) techniques (articulatory, counterstrain, cranial, facilitated positional release, fascial ligamentous release, functional, high-velocity low-amplitude thrust, lymphatic, muscle energy, myofascial/integrated neuromuscular release, and soft tissue) was determined. The relative frequency of use from most (soft tissue) to least (cranial) used was also determined. Respondents were more likely to use direct techniques than indirect or direct-indirect techniques. Demographic variables of gender, age, and specialty training were found to be related to the techniques used most. Female osteopathic physicians and older osteopathic physicians were more likely to use indirect techniques, whereas male and younger physicians preferred direct techniques. Moreover, OMT specialists used a broader range of techniques than other osteopathic physicians, and family physicians were more apt to use high-velocity low-amplitude thrust than other primary care or non-primary care osteopathic physicians. These results not only have implications for curricular planning in all phases of osteopathic undergraduate medical education, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education programs, but also for research on the quality and effectiveness of various OMT techniques.     

悬吊式腹腔镜行乙状结肠代阴道成形术31例

目的探讨悬吊式腹腔镜行乙状结肠代阴道成形术的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2007年1月-2009年12月31例悬吊式腹腔镜乙状结肠代阴道成形术的临床资料,其中先天性无阴道29例,男性易性癖阴道成形术后人工阴道狭窄2例。手术时在骶岬高度截取乙状结肠肠襻（13 cm左右）,超声刀游离乙状结肠系膜,直线切割闭合器切断闭合选取的乙状结肠,缝合关闭移植肠襻的顶端,乙状结肠的近端荷包缝合并放入抵钉座,圆形吻合器行乙状结肠端端吻合术。转阴式人工阴道建腔,将移植段乙状结肠远端拉出阴道隐窝,与阴道前庭黏膜间断缝合,形成人工阴道口,人工阴道顶端与骶岬处腹膜缝合固定。结果 31例手术均获得成功,手术时间100-200 min,平均144.7 min;术中出血50-200 ml,平均104.8 ml。1例术后12天出现粘连性不全肠梗阻,经保守治疗治愈。31例随访14-22个月,平均18个月,均佩带阴道模具达3个月以上,人工阴道扩张良好,接近女性阴道的形态和生理功能,分泌物为少量乳白色黏液,无异味。有性生活者25例,均满意。结论悬吊式腹腔镜行乙状结肠代阴道成形手术临床可行,是可选择的阴道成形方法之一。     

Botulinum neurotoxin type A injection of the pelvic floor muscle in pain due to spasticity: a review of the current literature

The role of muscle spasm is not a new concept in the genesis of pain. Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) has been successfully employed in a variety of muscular and inflammatory conditions. The aim of our study was to review the published literature on the role of BoNTA injection of the pelvic floor muscle in the management of women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP). A systematic search of the literature published up to June 2012 on the use of BoNTA in the treatment of female pelvic floor muscle spasm was carried out using relevant search terms in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. The results were limited to full-text English language articles. Relevant trials as well as relevant reviews were selected and analyzed by two independent reviewers. Five studies (2 case reports, 1 prospective pilot study, 1 retrospective study and 1 randomised double-blind placebo controlled study) were included in this systematic review. Overall, BoNTA has shown to be beneficial in relieving CPP related to pelvic floor spasm. The role of BoNTA as a treatment of CPP has been recognized for more than 10 years. Although data are still scarce preliminary results are encouraging. BoNTA is an attractive option for refractory CPP related to pelvic floor muscle spasm, but further studies using validated and reproducible outcome measures are needed, to establish its effectiveness, safeness, technique, optimal dosage, and duration of symptom relief.     

The Whirl CT Sign in Patient with Sigmoid Volvulus due Chagas’ Disease

It is believed that sigmoid volvulus (SV) in Brazil is a frequent complication of megacolon caused by Chagas’ disease (CD), differing in some characteristics from volvulus found in other countries. Bowel obstruction in patients with CD, principally when the cause is SV, may be sometimes difficult to diagnosis exclusively with plain abdominal radiograph. Fecaloma impacted in retossigmoidal area is one of the differential diagnoses. In addition, the huge amount of gas and feces, and distension of the colon normally increase the difficulty to make the correct diagnostic. The use of computer tomography (CT) scan can easy elucidate the picture of SV, and can be a great tool in cases of patients with CD and suspicion of this entity. A 62-year-old man showed bowel distention and stop disposal of gas for 5 days. He had previous diagnosis of CD. He also had been suffering from chronic constipation for several years, including impacted fecaloma, with the necessity of manual extraction. Plain abdominal radiographs showed an important colon dilatation and gross amount of feces in the sigmoid colon. Abdominal computer tomography sacan revealed dilated colon filled with feces, as well, the “whirl sign” composed of mesentery and twisted colon. When abdominal radiograph films reveal gross colonic dilatation of unknown etiology in patients with CD, a whirl sign on CT scans raises the possibility of colonic volvulus.     

Musculoskeletal dysfunction in men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome type III: a case-control study

PURPOSE: Men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) type III experience pelvic pain of uncertain etiology. Pain has been attributed to prostatic, bladder and muscular origins. Few studies have documented pelvic and abdominal muscle function in men with CPPS or compared their muscular examination to that of men without pain. We hypothesized that the musculoskeletal examinations of men with CPPS types IIIA and IIIB would show more spasm, tenderness and dysfunction than in men without CPPS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 62 men with CPPS and 89 healthy men without pelvic pain underwent a standardized musculoskeletal examination by a licensed physical therapist. RESULTS: Controls and patients with pain showed a significant difference in muscle spasm, increased muscle tone, pain with internal transrectal palpation of the pelvic muscles, and increased tension and pain with palpation of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles (p <0.001). Patients with pain also had significantly greater pain and tension with palpation of the psoas muscles and groin. Patients and controls did not differ significantly in strength testing of the lower abdominal and oblique muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Men with CPPS have more abnormal pelvic floor muscular findings compared with a group of men without pain. Abnormalities of the pelvic muscles may contribute to this pain syndrome.     

3D腹腔镜NOSES直肠癌根治术

五孔法,按TME及神经功能保护原则手术,骶岬前方切开后腹膜,打开血管鞘,分离直肠上动脉、肠系膜上动脉及左结肠动脉,清扫腹主动脉(253)淋巴结,结扎切断肠系膜下动静脉,沿Denonvilliers筋膜分离,注意保护腹下神经丛。游离乙状结肠及降结肠系膜,向下沿盆筋膜脏层和壁层之间游离至肛提肌平面,注意保护盆自主神经。切断直肠侧韧带游离直肠侧方,前方打开腹膜返折部及Denonvilliers筋膜向下游离至肿瘤下方5 cm。切断乙状结肠,3-0抗菌微乔线荷包缝合一圈,切断直肠,经肛门置入吻合器枪身,激发完成吻合。     

Injury of the pelvic ring and abdominal trauma

Fractures and disruptions of the pelvic ring are usually found in multiply injured patients and exacerbate the life-threatening character of the concomitant injuries. The main prognostic factors are haemorrhagic complications, abdominal trauma and associated injuries of the urogenital tract. All patients admitted to the Department of Surgery of the University of Münster between July 1985 to December 1989 were analysed with particular reference to pelvic ring instability and the accompanying pelvic and abdominal lesions. Of 27 patients with unstable displaced lesions of the pelvic ring, 9 were female (33.3%) and 18 male (66.7%); the average age was 35.1 years. Multiple trauma was present in 25 patients (92.6%). Associated pelvic or abdominal injuries were found in 15 cases (55.6%) [multiple entries]. In 9 patients (33.3%) there were lesions of the urogenital tract. Injuries to pelvic blood vessels were diagnosed in 3 patients (11.1%). In 2 patients (7.4%) there were lesions of the perineum. A ruptured spleen was found in 4 patients (14.8%), lesions of the liver in 3 patients (11.1%), lacerations of the mesentery in 2 patients (7.4%). Bleeding into the mesentery, lacerations of serosa of the sigmoid colon and contusion of the pancreas were each seen in 1 case (3.7%). In 12 patients (44.4%) laparotomy was performed: The mortality in this series was 22.2% (6 patients). The authors propose a procedure for immediate diagnosis of these associated pelvic and abdominal injuries. The key factor for a favourable outcome is the differentiation between intraabdominal and retroperitoneal bleeding. A treatment algorithm is described. The value of laparotomy, interventional radiology and primary anterior stabilization of the pelvic ring with an external frame is discussed.     

Sigmoid colon rupture secondary to Credé's method in a patient with spinal cord injury

Credé's method is a manual suprapubic pressure exerted with a clenched fist or fingers, used to initiate micturition, in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who have neurovesical dysfunction. It is usually a benign maneuver unassociated with any major complications. This paper will illustrate a case report involving a sigmoid colon rupture secondary to Credé's method in a patient with SCI. Various techniques of Credé's method are briefly described. It is recommended that patients with quadriplegia avoid forceful use of Credé's method, as it may cause contusion of the abdominal wall and injuries to internal viscera, possibly leading to colonic rupture. It is believed that this is the first reported case of such an unusual complication of Credé's method in patients with SCI.     

Sigmoid Colon Rupture Secondary to Crede’s Method in a Patient with Spinal Cord Injury

Abstract

Crede’s method is a manual suprapubic pressure exerted with a clenched fist or fingers, used to initiate micturition, in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who have neurovesical dysfunction. It is usually a benign maneuver unassociated with any major complications. This paper will illustrate a case report involving a sigmoid colon rupture secondary to Crede’s method in a patient with SCI. Various techniques of Crede’s method are briefly described. It is recommended that patients with quadriplegia avoid forceful use of Crede’s method, as it may cause contusion of the abdominal wall and injuries to internal viscera, possibly leading to colonic rupture. It is believed that this is the first reported case of such an unusual complication of Crede’s method in patients with SCI.     

Pelvic Floor and Abdominal Muscle Interaction: EMG Activity and Intra-abdominal Pressure

Pelvic floor muscle exercises prescribed for the treatment of incontinence commonly emphasize concurrent relaxation of the abdominal muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction between individual muscles of the abdominal wall and the pelvic floor using surface and intramuscular electromyography, and the effect of their action on intra-abdominal pressure. Four subjects were tested in the supine and standing positions. The results indicated that the transversus abdominis (TA) and the obliquus internus (OI) were recruited during all pelvic floor muscle contractions. It was not possible for these subjects to contract the pelvic floor effectively while maintaining relaxation of the deep abdominal muscles. A mean intra-abdominal pressure rise of 10 mmHg (supine) was recorded during a maximum pelvic floor muscle contraction. These results suggest that advice to keep the abdominal wall relaxed when performing pelvic floor exercises is inappropriate and may adversely affect the performance of such exercises.     

顽固结肠慢传输性便秘16例的临床分析

目的：探讨顽固性结肠慢传输性例秘的合理治疗方法。方法：总结顽固性结肠慢传输性便秘患者经X线钡灌肠以及排粪造影检查,结合临床特征而决定手术切除冗长结肠12例,4例非手术治疗,其中冗长横结肠4例,冗长乙状结肠12例。伴直肠前凸3例,重度直肠膨出,盆底下降1例,4例患者中3例经肛修复,1例经腹修复,重建盆底。3例乙状结肠冗长扭转行急诊手术。结果：11例患者恢复良好,有1例高龄患者仅行扭转乙状结肠复位而于术后10d死亡,随访3年,1例有肠粘连症状,1例切口感染,4例非手术治疗症状未缓解。结论：顽固性结肠慢传输性便秘冗长结肠是其原因之一,需早期手术切除,伴有直肠前凸,盆底下降可一期手术修复,如待急诊肠扭转再手术,则危险较大、甚至危及生命,而非手术治疗症状不得缓解,且造成药物依赖。     

乙状结肠法人工阴道成形术558例报告

目的：报道乙状结肠法人工阴道成形术的手术方法及效果。方法：按盆腔深度＋1／2系膜长度的公式计算出切取乙状结肠的长度；人工阴道造穴由阴腹联合进行；移植肠段下植端另行开口形成人工阴道外口。结果：手术成功率为98．92％，人工阴道深度，宽度均合乎生理要求，大部分人工阴道粘膜组织结构，细胞形态无异常变化，人工阴道与自然阴道中的人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）检出率无差异，人工阴道粘膜中未检出雌激素受体（ER）。结论：乙状结肠法人工阴道成形术手术方法先进可靠，所形成的阴道符合正常的解剖，生理要求，效果最佳，患乐于接受。     

Focal levator ani eventrations: detection and characterization by magnetic resonance in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and imaging characteristics of focal levator eventrations in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction on magnetic resonance (MRI). A review of 81 dynamic MR pelvic examinations in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction was carried out to detect and characterize focal eventrations in the levator ani muscle. These were defined as muscle outpouchings which made an angle of >180 degrees with the remainder of the muscle and had a depth of >or=1 cm. Of 81 patients 11(13.5%) had focal eventrations in the levator muscle on MRI: bilateral in 2 cases, right in 5 and left in 4. There was protrusion of pelvic viscera into the eventration in 5 cases, fat in 7 and fluid in 1. Focal levator ani muscle abnormalities are not uncommon on MRI in patients with pelvic floor dysfunction. Characterization of levator muscle morphology can be useful as a research tool in this population.     

PELVIC FLOOR MYOFASCIAL TRIGGER POINTS: MANUAL THERAPY FOR INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS AND THE URGENCY-FREQUENCY SYNDROME

PURPOSE: The effectiveness of manual physical therapy was evaluated in patients with interstitial cystitis and the urethral syndrome, that is urgency-frequency with or without pelvic pain. The rationale was based on the hypothesis that pelvic floor myofascial trigger points are not only a source of pain and voiding symptoms, but also a trigger for neurogenic bladder inflammation via antidromic reflexes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 1995 to November 2000, 45 women and 7 men, including 10 with interstitial cystitis and 42 with the urgency-frequency syndrome, underwent manual physical therapy to the pelvic floor for 1 to 2 visits weekly for 8 to 12 weeks. Results were determined by patient completed symptom score sheets indicating the rate of improvement according to outcome parameters, including 25% to 50%-mild, 51% to 75%-moderate, 76% to 99%-marked and 100%-complete resolution. In 10 cases these subjective results were confirmed by measuring resting pelvic floor tension by electromyography before and after the treatment course. RESULTS: Of the 42 patients with the urgency-frequency syndrome with or without pain 35 (83%) had moderate to marked improvement or complete resolution, while 7 of the 10 (70%) with interstitial cystitis had moderate to marked improvement. The mean duration of symptoms before treatment in those with interstitial cystitis and the urgency-frequency syndrome was 14 (median 12) and 6 years (median 2.5), respectively. In patients with no symptoms or brief, low intensity flares mean followup was 1.5 years. In 10 patients who underwent electromyography mean resting pelvic floor tension decreased from 9.73 to 3.61 microV., which was a 65% improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic floor manual therapy for decreasing pelvic floor hypertonus effectively ameliorates the symptoms of the urgency/frequency syndrome and interstitial cystitis.