Effect of sodium succinate on some indices of carbohydrate metabolism of the ischemic myocardium

The effect of sodium succinate on the concentrations of lactic and pyruvic acids and of glucose in blood draining from the ischemic zone was investigated in experiments on dogs in which the coronary artery was ligated. After intracoronary injection of the compound in doses of 2 and 10 mg/kg the lactic acid concentration was lowered in blood flowing from the ischemic zone: In a dose of 10 mg/kg sodium succinate reduced the assimilation of glucose by the ischemic area of myocardium a little. After intravenous injection of sodium succinate in a dose of 100 mg/kg the lactic acid concentration also fell significantly and the utilization of glucose by the ischemic myocardium was inhibited and its concentration in the arterial blood rose considerably. The reduction in the blood lactic acid concentration may have been due to activation of the Krebs' cycle and increased utilization of oxygen in the ischemic region of the myocardium.Department of Pharmacology, Kursk Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 1439–1441, December, 1976.     

Alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism following administration of endotoxin

Summary Endotoxin-induced alterations in blood flow, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in various organs of the body are outlined. Peripheral utilization of carbohydrates and lipids does not appear to be adversely affected by the administration of mild to moderate doses of endotoxin (in fact, glucose turnover is even elevated). On the other hand, the supply of free fatty acids from adipose tissue is diminished, at least in part, due to severe hemodynamic changes that occur in this tissue following endotoxin. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is elevated, but does not match the increased demand for glucose by the periphery. The experimental conditions discussed in this brief review elicit changes that are reversible. However, during more severe endotoxemia, the metabolic alterations lead to irreversibility.Some of the work reported in this review was supported by ONR contracts N 0014-76-C-0132 and N 00014-80-C-0466     

Lipid and carbohydrate parameters in children with chronic hepatitis C

PurposeHCV chronic infection still presents a very serious epidemiological and clinical problem. Apart from its cytopathic effect on liver parenchyma, its detrimental effect on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism has recently been emphasized. The aim of the study was to assess lipid and carbohydrate parameters in children with chronic HCV-related hepatitis.Material/MethodsThe study comprised 41 children with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) aged between 7 and 18 years, and 30 healthy controls. The anthropometric measurements of the subjects were taken, and, after overnight fasting, serum glucose, insulin, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels were investigated. The HOMA IR insulin resistance index was also calculated.ResultsThe values for mean body mass index (BMI), glucose, insulin, bilirubin, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL/C index and HOMA IR levels did not differ significantly between the two groups. AST and ALT were significantly higher in the control group. The serum levels of cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol showed a tendency toward lower values in the control group. We found positive correlation between serum levels of insulin and HOMA IR with staging (respectively r=0.336, P < 0.04 and r=0.386, P < 0.02).ConclusionsIn children with CHC and a relatively short duration of the disease, lipid and glucose disorders are not observed. Correlations between insulin and HOMA IR with staging suggest the ability of HCV to contribute to fibrosis through interference with glucose metabolism.     

Effect of the antioxidant emoxypine on lipid metabolism in the lungs during development of pulmonary edema

Department of Pathophysiology, Yaroslavl' State Medical Institute. All-Union Research Center for Safety of Biologically Active Substances, Kupavna, Moscow Region. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. G. Chuchalin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 2, pp. 139–141, February, 1992.     

绝经后骨质疏松症与脂代谢的相关性

动脉粥样硬化常与骨质疏松症共存，进一步分析发现脂代谢指标与骨代谢指标有相关性，而且多数用于治疗骨质疏松症的药物同时对血脂有调节作用，所以推测脂代谢与骨代谢有相关性。其机制可能有：脂肪酸可以促进成骨细胞向脂肪细胞的转化及促进前破骨细胞向破骨细胞分化，调节骨髓间质细胞分化的转录因子及信号转导途径，脂代谢与骨代谢的遗传基因有相关性，高脂血症后骨髓内脂肪细胞增多增大压迫微血管使骨头供血明显减少等。     

山药决明子挂面对血脂异常大鼠模型血脂及抗氧化的影响

目的探讨山药决明子挂面对血脂异常大鼠模型血脂及抗氧化的影响。方法48只SD大鼠分为正常对照组(8只)和模型组(40只),模型组大鼠经4周高脂饮食喂养后建立血脂异常大鼠模型,采用随机数字法分为模型组、阿托伐他汀阳性对照组(10 mg/kg/d)、山药决明子挂面低、中、高剂量组,每组8只。干预5周后测定血清总甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、肝体比、肝脏胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。结果与模型组相比,中剂量山药决明子挂面组大鼠血清TC、肝脏TC、TG水平分别下降14.76%、23.75%、39.69%(P<0.05),低、中、高剂量组血清TG、LDL-C水平均有所下降(P<0.05),低剂量组肝脏SOD、GSH-Px、T-AOC分别升高24.09%、26.90%、290.24%(P<0.05)。结论山药决明子挂面能降低血脂异常大鼠血脂水平,提高抗氧化水平,对辅助治疗血脂异常及抗氧化有一定的应用价值。     

ABCG5/8基因microRNA结合位点多态性与妊娠期糖脂代谢相关

目的探讨ABCG5/8基因microRNA结合位点多态性与妊娠期血糖及血脂水平之间的关系。方法纳入2006年至2011年在北京协和医院内分泌科门诊就诊的妊娠期妇女1 925人,收集相关临床资料,取外周全血并提取基因组DNA。针对研究发现的与糖脂代谢密切相关的ABCG5/8基因,利用数据库筛选中国汉族人群最小等位基因频率大于5%的3'非翻译区microRNA结合位点。对患者进行基因分型并统计分析其与糖脂代谢相关临床变量之间的相关性。结果仅有1个位点符合筛选条件rs2278356,它分别与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及总胆固醇(TC)水平显著相关(LDL-C:b=0.104 mmol/L,95%CI 0.023~0.185 mmol/L,P0.05;TC:b=0.105 mmol/L,95%CI 0.080~0.203 mmol/L,P0.05)。结论 ABCG5/8基因3'非翻译区microRNA结合位点与中国汉族妊娠期人群LDL-C及TC水平相关,遗传机制的揭示为妊娠期血脂水平升高的个体化诊治提供依据。     

Actions of somatostatin on lipid metabolism in mouse cerebral cortex slices

Cerebral cortex slices from mice were used to investigate the variations of lipid metabolism by somatostatin. Somatostatin decreased [14C]acetate incorporation into all lipid fractions significantly. Likewise, the peptide evoked a decrease of triglyceride lipase activity. The incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate into phospholipids was diminished by somatostatin. These results add more information about the effects of somatostatin in cerebral cortex.     

PPARγ在脂肪细胞分化和糖脂代谢中的作用

肥胖症和代谢综合征已经成为危害人类健康的重要问题。过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPARs)是一类配体激活转录因子，属于细胞核激素受体超家族。PPARs的3种亚型在调节糖脂代谢中扮演关键的角色。其中，过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ(PPARγ)是脂肪细胞基因表达和胰岛素细胞间信号传递的主要调节者。     

Effect of the tranquilizer mebicar on lipid metabolism and lipid peroxidation on the model of hypokinesia in rats

Daily 18-hour hypokinesia induces atherogenic shifts in the blood lipid spectrum and activates lipid peroxidation in rats. Mebicar is shown to have a correcting effect on lipid metabolism and on the intensity of lipid peroxidation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 535–537, May, 1996     

Effect of “murine” toxin ofYersinia pestis on carbohydrate metabolism in rats

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. I. Pokrovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 106, No. 10, pp. 428–430, October, 1988.     

Changes in some indices of lipid metabolism after lethal exsanguination and resuscitation

The lipolytic activity of adipose tissue (LAAT), the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the blood and adipose tissue, and the concentrations of ketone bodies and -lipoproteins in the blood of dogs were determined after lethal exsanguination and in the post-resuscitation period. During agony activation of lipolysis was found in the adipose tissue, the levels of NEFA and -lipoproteins were lowered, and the concentration of ketone bodies in the blood was increased. At the end of the third minute of clinical death inhibition of lipolysis developed and the NEFA concentration in the adipose tissue increased. The blood levels of NEFA and -lipoproteins fell 1 h after resuscitation, whereas the level of ketone bodies rose; these changes were accompanied by some decrease in LAAT. In the late postresuscitation period (1st, 3rd, and 7th days) LAAT and the blood levels of NEFA, ketone bodies, and -lipoproteins all increased. The NEFA concentration in the adipose tissue was low in the postresuscitation period.Department of Pathological Physiology, Medical Institute, Erevan. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. A. Negovskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 84, No. 11, pp. 544–547, November, 1977.     

甲状旁腺功能状态对大鼠血脂代谢的影响

本实验通过制作SD大鼠甲状旁腺功能亢进及低下模型,观察了甲状旁腺功能状态对大鼠血脂代谢的影响。结果表明,甲状旁腺功能亢进大鼠血清TC、HDL-C及TG浓度明显升高,PHLA明显降低;而甲状旁腺功能低下大鼠血清TC、HDL-C及TG浓度则显著降低,PHLA显著升高。提示甲状旁腺功能正常为维持大鼠正常血脂代谢所必需。