麦麸多肽对小鼠抗氧化损伤作用

目的 探讨麦麸多肽对氧化损伤模型小鼠的抗氧化作用.方法 应用D-半乳糖建立亚急性衰老小鼠模型;麦麸多肽每d分别按150,300,600 mg/(kg·bw)的剂量灌胃,42 d后取脾脏及胸腺称重,计算脏器指数,测定血清、肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性.结果 麦麸多肽300,600 mg/(kg·bw)组小鼠体重增长分别为(5.92±0.73),(6.19±0.30)g;脾脏指数分别为(4.39±0.06),(4.56±0.15);胸腺指数分别为(2.53±0.12),(2.96±0.11),与模型对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血清和肝脏中MDA含量明显下降(P<0.01),SOD和GSH-Px活力明显提高(P<0.01).结论 在本实验条件下,麦麸多肽对氧化损伤模型小鼠有较强的抗氧化作用.     

二巯丙磺钠对溴苯腈急性中毒心肌能量代谢影响

目的探讨溴苯腈急性中毒对小鼠心肌能量代谢的影响及二巯丙磺钠(Na-DMPS)的保护作用。方法 ICR小鼠78只,随机分成5组,对照组、溴苯腈高、低剂量组和Na-DMPS干预组。检测染毒后0.5,3 h心肌腺苷酸含量。结果溴苯腈高剂量组染毒后0.5,3 h,三磷酸腺苷(ATP)含量分别为(39.62±8.39),(41.19±6.56)mg/g,明显低于对照组(49.96±6.87)mg/g(P0.05);二磷酸腺苷(ADP)含量在染毒后0.5,3 h高于对照组(11.01±0.93)mg/g(P0.05);磷酸腺苷(AMP)于染毒后3,6 h高于对照组(1.61±0.20)mg/g;Na-MDPS干预后ATP分别为(51.10±7.10),(58.34±12.34),(52.92±14.15)mg/g,明显高于溴苯腈高剂量组(P0.05);ADP、AMP含量低于溴苯腈高剂量组(P0.01)。结论溴苯腈急性中毒可影响小鼠心肌能量代谢,Na-DMPS干预可改善心肌能量代谢。     

黄芪总皂苷对H_(22)荷瘤小鼠肿瘤抑制作用及机制

目的探讨黄芪总皂苷对小鼠肝癌H_(22)肿瘤生长及免疫功能影响。方法建立小鼠肝癌H_(22)移植瘤模型,小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、黄芪总皂苷高、中、低剂量组;称重法检测小鼠抑瘤率、脾脏指数、胸腺指数;噻唑蓝法检测小鼠淋巴细胞增殖能力及T淋巴细胞转化能力,酶联免疫法检测小鼠血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)含量。结果与对照组比较,模型组小鼠体重[(24.90±2.82)g]明显减轻,胸腺、脾脏指数[分别为(1.47±0.45)、(3.97±0.05)mg/g]明显下降,淋巴细胞增殖能力(0.10±0.02)及转化能力[(1.08±0.03)%]明显降低,血清IL-2含量[(87.59±28.60)pg/m L]明显下降(P0.05);与模型组比较,黄芪总皂苷各剂量组小鼠肿瘤生长均明显受到抑制,黄芪总皂苷低、中、高剂量组小鼠胸腺与脾脏指数[分别为(2.18±0.34/)、(2.47±0.54/)、(2.51±0.46/)与(5.42±0.84)、(6.13±0.71)、(6.46±0.85)mg/g]升高,淋巴细胞增殖能力[分别为(0.17±0.01)、(0.18±0.03)、(0.19±0.01)]和T淋巴细胞转化能力[分别为(1.14±0.07)、(1.15±0.06)、(1.20±0.07)%]增强,血清IL-2含量[分别为(117.67±30.28)、(121.80±34.04)、(124.93±37.10)pg/m L]升高。结论黄芪总皂苷可抑制小鼠肝癌H_(22)肿瘤细胞的增殖,其机制可能与增强机体的免疫功能有关。     

慈菇多糖对免疫功能低下小鼠免疫调节作用

目的探讨慈菇多糖对免疫功能低下小鼠免疫功能影响。方法清洁级ICR雌性小鼠50只,按体重随机分为5组:对照组,模型组,慈菇多糖高、中、低剂量组(300、200、100 mg/kg),连续灌胃慈菇多糖28 d,对照组和模型组灌胃等量蒸馏水;第21 d,对照组皮下注射等量生理盐水,其余4组小鼠皮下注射氢化可的松25 mg/kg,连续6 d(制备免疫功能低下模型),观察各组小鼠体重变化、脏器(胸腺、脾脏、肝脏)指数、巨噬细胞吞噬功能等指标。结果与对照组比较,模型组小鼠胸腺、脾和肝指数[分别为(1.255±0.319)、(2.380±0.574)、(40.442±1.882)mg/g]明显降低,巨噬细胞吞噬指数(1.794±0.514)降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,低、中、高剂量慈菇多糖组小鼠胸腺指数[分别为(1.848±0.130)、(1.835±0.243)、(1.708±0.441)mg/g]、脾指数[分别为(3.433±0.250)、(3.386±0.577)、(2.602±0.609)mg/g]和肝指数[分别为(45.478±2.683)、(45.423±2.109)、(44.934±2.337)mg/g]均明显升高(均P<0.05),巨噬细胞吞噬指数[分别为(2.274±0.590)、(2.406±0.246)、(2.462±0.444)]升高(P<0.05)。结论慈菇多糖在一定程度上能够提高小鼠非特异性免疫力。     

除草剂西玛津对小鼠的免疫毒性作用

目的 探讨均三氮苯类除草剂西玛津对小鼠的免疫毒性.方法 BALB/c小鼠30只,按体重随机分为5组,每组6只,分别为西玛津90、200、400 mg/k(g染毒剂量组(每日1次,连续21 d灌胃染毒),阴性对照组(予蒸馏水)和阳性对照组(腹腔注射20 mg/kg环磷酰胺).观察小鼠体重变化、脾脏和胸腺的脏器系数、脾脏T细胞转化增殖能力以及血清中白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IgG和IgM含量.结果 200与400 mg/kg染毒组小鼠体重、脾脏和胸腺脏器系数以及T细胞转化增殖能力均明显低于阴性对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);200mg/kg染毒组小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-4、IgG和IgM含量分别为(108.50±3.20)pg/ml、(36.54±3.36)pg/ml、(46.25±7.41)μmg/ml、(17.58±2.23)μg/ml;400 mg/kg染毒组小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-4、IgG和IgM含量分别为(85.70±4.00)pg/ml、(35.92±2.29)pg/ml、(40.08±6.80)μg/ml、(11.92±3.23)μg/ml,均明显低于阴性对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 西玛津对小鼠细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均有抑制作用.     

红托竹荪对小鼠IL-12、IL-4和IFN-γ表达影响

目的探讨红托竹荪对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法用不同浓度红托竹荪按0.02mL/g对小鼠连续灌胃30 d,在第20天开始对环磷酰胺组、红托竹荪低、中、高剂量组(5、10、15 g/kg)小鼠腹腔注射50 mg/kg环磷酰胺,连续3d,同时各剂量红托竹荪组继续进行红托竹荪灌胃。禁食24h后称重,小鼠眼球取血,分离脾脏和胸腺。测定小鼠血清中白细胞介素-12(IL-12)、IL-4和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)水平。结果与对照组比较,环磷酰胺组小鼠体重、脾脏指数、胸腺指数无明显变化;与环磷酰胺组比较,高剂量红托竹荪组小鼠体重、脾脏指数、胸腺指数明显升高(P0.05)。与对照组比较,环磷酰胺组小鼠血清中IL-12、IL-4和IFN-γ含量[分别为(18.12±3.55)、(10.19±2.29)、(12.73±2.79)ng/mL]均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与环磷酰胺组比较,中、高剂量红托竹荪组小鼠血清中IL-12、IL-4和IFN-γ含量[分别为(32.58±3.95)、(17.81±4.23)、(22.58±3.76)和(31.73±4.30)、(23.50±1.66)、(25.27±3.86)ng/mL]均升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论红托竹荪可以促进IL-12、IL-4和IFN-γ表达,对环磷酰胺诱导的小鼠免疫功能损伤具有一定保护作用。     

全氟辛烷磺酸对大鼠兴奋性氨基酸影响

目的 探讨全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)与大鼠中枢神经系统兴奋性氨基酸含量关系.方法 将成年Wistar大鼠经口 PFOS染毒.实验组剂量分别为12.5,25,50 mg/kg,对照组给予等体积的2%吐温-80溶液.24 h后高效液相色谱法测定脑组织中谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸及甘氨酸含量变化.结果 天冬氨酸12.5,50 mg/kg组含量分别为(1.24±0.109),(1.11±0.452)umol/g,与对照组(1.51±0.076)umol/g比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).谷氨酸无明显变化.甘氨酸12.5,25,50mg/kg组含量分别为(0.82±0.201),(1.09±0.215),(1.12±0.395)/umol/g.与对照组(1.54±0.120)umol/g比较.差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).γ-氨基丁酸12.5,25 mg/kg组含量分别为(1.52±0.187),(1.68±0.188)umol/g,与对照组(2.03±0.370)umol/g比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 低剂量PFOS染毒后中枢神经系统出现先抑制后兴奋的症状可能与兴奋性氨基酸的参与有关.     

羊栖菜多糖复方对雄性小鼠免疫及生殖器官辐射伤的防护

目的观察羊栖菜多糖复方制剂对γ射线损伤雄性小鼠免疫器官及生殖器官的防护作用。方法将50只雄性小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组及低〔0.692 g/(kg.d)〕、中〔2.075 g/(kg.d)〕、高〔4.150 g/(kg.d)〕3个剂量羊栖菜多糖复方制剂组(SFPCP),每天1次灌胃给药,灌胃2周后,除正常对照组外,各组均以剂量率为0.83 Gy/h的60Coγ射线进行1次全身照射6 h,照射剂量为5 Gy。于照前1 d,照后3 d、14 d测定外周血白细胞数,照后14 d测定小鼠胸腺指数、脾指数、骨髓有核细胞数(BMNC)、睾丸质量指数、精子总数及精子畸形率。结果照后14 d,中剂量给药组外周血白细胞数为(1.4±0.2)×109/L,明显高于模型组(1.0±0.5)×109/L(P<0.05);照后14 d,低、中、高3个剂量组小鼠的胸腺指数分别为(2.21±0.63)mg/g、(2.10±0.43)mg/g及(2.03±0.32)mg/g,明显高于模型组的(1.58±0.58)mg/g(P<0.05),中、高剂量组的脾指数和骨髓有核细胞数显著高于模型组的(P<0.05);中、高剂量组睾丸质量指数分别为(3.55±0.30)mg/g和(3.57±0.31)mg/g,明显高于模型组(3.26±0.30)mg/g(P<0.05),低、中、高剂量组精子总数分别为(17.5±6.2)×104,(19.0±7.0)×104和(20.8±11.4)×104,明显高于模型组(12.2±7.4)×104(P<0.05),中、高剂量组的精子畸形率显著低于模型组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论羊栖菜多糖复方制剂对小鼠的免疫器官及生殖器官的辐射损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

三氯生对昆明小鼠胸腺及脾脏等免疫器官的影响

目的探究三氯生(TCS)对小鼠的免疫功能的影响。方法选用40只雌雄昆明小鼠(25±2)g,根据体重比分为5组,每组8只,雌雄各半,分别对应为空白对照(生理盐水)组,二甲基亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO)组,以及浓度分别为59.375mg/kg、118.75mg/kg、237.5mg/kg的三氯生溶液组,每日一次,连续灌胃两周,解剖取其脾脏、胸腺等组织,测定其与体重的相对比值,同时用摘眼球法取外周血,测定其半数溶血数值。结果脾脏指数显示,在雄性小鼠的中浓度组和高浓度组中,与阳性对照组相比,其脾脏比重增加较为显著(P0.05),高剂量组雌性小鼠对照组相比较,其脾脏指数差异有统计学意义(P0.05);雄性高剂量组小鼠与阳性对照组相比较,其脾脏指数差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而且雌性小鼠的高、中、低剂量组与对照组相比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);HC_(50)结果表明雌雄小鼠的HC_(50)均有所下降(P0.05或P0.01)。结论推测高浓度的三氯生对昆明小鼠的免疫功能存在抑制作用。     

硒中毒对小鼠器官蛋白质含量及SOD活性影响的实验研究

[目的]探讨亚硒酸钠对不同器官、组织蛋白质代谢及SOD活性的影响。[方法]受试动物分为阴性对照组、亚硒酸钠低剂量组(0.1mg/kg·d-1)、亚硒酸钠中剂量组(0.6mg/kg·d-1)、亚硒酸钠高剂量组(3mg/kg·d-1)及阳性对照组(环磷酰胺5.0mg/kg·d-1)。连续灌胃5d后,相隔30d处死小鼠,分别用考马斯亮兰法和NBT还原法检测肝、肾、心脏的蛋白质含量和SOD比活,并与阴性对照组进行比较,对各组数据进行统计学处理。[结果]肝脏的低、中、高剂量组的SOD比活分别为:(10.68±0.82)、(7.34±1.03)、(8.23±1.39)u·mg蛋白-1·h-1;肾脏的中、高剂量组SOD比活下降,而低剂量组却明显上升,与阴性对照组比较,差异均具有显著性(P<0.01);心脏各剂量组SOD比活与阴性对照组比较,均无差异性(P>0.05)。蛋白质含量除肝脏低、中、高剂量组分别为(4.60±0.31)、(5.17±0.72)、(3.48±0.09)mg/ml呈显著性增高外,心、肾各剂量组的蛋白质含量均有下降趋势。[结论]在不同的器官,SOD比活和蛋白质含量有所差异,说明硒的毒性作用具有一定的组织细胞选择性。以肝脏最敏感。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.