腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫瘢

目的探讨腹腔脾切除术(LS)治疗特发性血小板减少性紫瘢(ITP)安全性和临床疗效。方法回顾分析2000年7月~2005年7月27例ITP患者行LS的临床资料。结果2例因术中出血中转开腹手术。25例完成LS,手术时间75~230 m in,平均138 m in,术中出血量20~350 m l,平均97 m l。5例发现副脾并切除。术后1~2在恢复饮食并下地活动。住院时间4~11天,平均5.4天。2例切口感染,1例切口皮下血肿,1例皮下气肿。随访时间2.5~62个月,平均22个月,17例有效(68%),4例部分有效(16%)。结论LS治疗ITP安全可行、效果良好。     

腹腔镜脾切除术中的操作与显露

目的　探讨腹腔镜脾切除术 (LaparoscopicSplenectomy ,LS)手术操作和术野显露。　方法回顾分析 1999年 6月以来 11例LS临床资料 ,包括 1例肝硬化脾功能亢进和 10例原发性血小板减少性紫癜 (IdiopathicThrombocytopenicPurpura ,ITP)。　结果　 9例获得成功 ,其中 6例采取仰卧位 ,手术时间平均 3 5小时 ,术中出血平均 2 0 0ml;1例采取右侧卧位 ,手术时间 4小时 ,术中出血 80ml;2例采取右侧斜卧位 ,手术时间分别为 2 5小时和 3 0小时 ,术中出血均为 10 0ml。 1例ITP术后 6小时出现腹腔内出血而再次剖腹手术 ,2例ITP中转开腹。　结论　脾周韧带及组织的良好显露与分离和脾蒂的成功控制是腹腔镜脾切除术成功的关键。     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗难治性血小板减少性紫癜的临床应用

目的:探讨腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)的临床效果。方法:回顾分析为50例ITP患者行LS的临床资料。结果:6例中转开腹,44例(88%)顺利完成完全腹腔镜脾切除术,手术时间平均(122.7±35.7)min,术中出血量平均(113.6±95.3)ml,8例术中发现副脾并切除。术后6~12 h患者均可下床活动,24~48 h胃肠蠕动恢复停胃肠减压,3~6 d拔除脾窝引流管,术后平均住院(8.0±2.2)d。术后36例患者血小板很快上升,7~10 d至峰值,有效率81.8%。本组无一例手术死亡,术后腹腔出血2例,腹壁穿刺孔皮下血肿2例。结论:LS具有患者创伤小、术中出血少、康复快、并发症发生率低等优点,术者具备一定的开腹手术经验及熟练的腹腔镜操作技术,遵循由易至难、由简到繁、循序渐进的原则,LS治疗ITP是安全、可行的,效果满意。     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗难治性免疫性血小板减少症疗效观察

目的分析腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)治疗成人难治性免疫性血小板减少症(ITP)的疗效。方法对2010年3月至2012年5月我科收治的难治性ITP患者共47例临床资料进行分析。结果 46例顺利完成LS,1例因脾蒂出血中转开腹,随访24个月。完全反应(CR)30例、部分反应(PR)8例、无反应(NR)9例,总体有效率80.8%。血小板计数(BPC)峰值时间出现在术后第7天左右,术后2个月时血小板数目基本稳定,CR组、PR组与NR组的血小板数目以及年龄均有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜脾切除安全有效,患者年龄是影响预后的因素,手术时间、术中出血与疗效无关,术后第7天BPC数目可反映预后,术后2个月BPC数目与2年后一致。     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)治疗内科药物治疗无效的难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)的可行性和疗效. 方法回顾性分析1999年9月～2004年7月31例难治性ITP(血小板计数<50×109/L)行LS的临床资料.采用全麻、右侧斜卧位或完全右侧卧位、三孔法(27例)或四孔法(4例)进行手术. 结果 2例中转传统开腹手术.29例完成LS,手术时间为65 ～325 min,平均137 min.术中出血量50 ～600 ml,平均116 ml.6例术中发现副脾并切除.术后2例切口感染,1例切口皮下血肿.术后随访3～41个月,平均11个月,16例(55.2%)完全显效,8例(27.6%)部分显效,总有效率82.8%(24/29). 结论 LS治疗难治性ITP安全可行,效果良好.     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜62例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)治疗特发陛血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)的安全性及疗效。方法对62例ITP患者采用腹腔镜脾切除术。结果 62例患者术前血小板(33.18±19.36)×10~9/L,术中发现副脾6例,手术时间(202.66±23.95)分钟,术中出血(226.45±106.93)rnl,住院时间(9.44±1.71)天,住院费用(29457±2946)元。无死亡患者,术后1周血小板明显上升为(171.32±89.00)×10~9/L,随访3~12个月,总有效率88.7%(55/62)。结论 LS治疗ITP,安全、有效,手术费用偏高,可避免患者长期服用激素。     

腹腔镜脾切除术的临床体会(附51例报告)

目的:总结腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)的手术经验与临床体会。方法:回顾分析2005年7月至2011年7月为51例患者行LS的临床资料,其中原发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura,ITP)38例,先天性溶血性贫血4例,遗传性球形红细胞增多症3例,门静脉高压症伴脾亢2例,外伤性脾破裂4例。结果:46例成功完成手术,5例中转手助腹腔镜手术。手术时间120～180 min,平均(150±12.1)min;术中出血量50～500 ml,平均(150±11.3)ml。术后住院3～7 d,平均(5±0.6)d,术后无并发症发生。38例ITP患者中37例血小板恢复正常,1例术后升高后又降低。结论:LS安全可行,术前准备工作、术中体位、术者与助手的配合及脾蒂处理是手术成功的关键。     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜： 附21例报告

目的总结腹腔镜脾切除术(LS)治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)临床疗效和血小板的各参数变化规律。方法选择21例LS治疗的ITP患者,统计手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症发生率及病死率、随访结果。自身对比手术前后血小板计数、血小板压积、血小板平均容积、血小板分布宽度。结果平均手术时间1.5h,术中出血平均60mL,所有患者穿刺孔周围出现不同程度瘀斑,无创口延期愈合或不愈合。副脾发现率为19%。手术并发症发生率为4.8%。术后平均住院5d(4~7d),无死亡病例。血小板计数、血小板压积呈现波动性上升,血小板平均容积、血小板分布宽度呈现波动性下降。各项参数存在多点动态平衡呈现波动性调节和协同恢复过程。全部患者随访1.5~5.5年,均无复发,血小板相关抗体均在正常范围,骨髓像正常。结论根据血小板各参数恢复过程中存在的多点动态平衡呈现波动性调节和协同恢复过程选择相应的治疗方案,LS治疗ITP更加安全、有效。     

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目的探讨腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy，LS)和腹腔镜辅助脾切除术(laparoscopic assisted splenectomy，LAS)的优缺点。方法1994～2003年共实施脾切除术43例，其中采用LAS行脾切除术13例，完全在腹腔镜下行脾切除术30例，切除副牌6例，4例同时行腹腔镜胆囊切除术。结果手术均获成功，LS术后切口感染1例，并发DIC 1例，平均手术时间160min，术中失血平均120mL，术后平均住院5．4d。LAS平均手术时间132min，术中平均失血90mL，术后平均住院8．6d。结论LS和LAS均安全可行，LAS手术时间短，术中出血少，但病人住院时间长。LS费时费事，术中出血多。     

全腹腔镜脾切除术107例临床分析

目的:分析总结全腹腔镜脾切除术(laparoscopic splenectomy,LS)的手术技巧与临床应用价值。方法:2006年9月至2012年6月为107例患者行LS,其中外伤性脾破裂出血6例,特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic pur-pura,ITP)7例,自身免疫性溶血性贫血1例,脾囊肿4例,脾血管瘤4例,脾淋巴管瘤3例,脾错构瘤2例,脾结节样增生1例,脾脉管瘤1例,淋巴瘤2例,肝硬化门脉高压脾功能亢进76例。结果:105例成功完成全腹腔镜手术,2例中转开腹。术后2例出血,再次手术探查止血,其中1例经腹腔镜探查止血,1例开腹探查止血。28例联合行胆囊切除术、1例联合行阑尾切除术、3例联合行肝切除术;53例行贲门周围血管离断术。手术时间50～245 min,平均(122.5±55.6)min;术中出血量30～1 000 ml,平均(206.8±212.7)ml;术后住院5～15 d,平均(6.3±2.8)d。结论:LS安全、微创,术中应细致解剖,仔细操作,防止出血并安全有效地处理脾蒂是LS成功的关键。     

Laparoscopic versus open splenectomy in children

BACKGROUND: The authors have reviewed their initial experience with laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) to identify the indications, success rate, and complications associated with this procedure compared with a series of children undergoing open splenectomy (OS) during the same time period. METHODS: The records of 51 children who underwent splenectomy from 1993 through 1998 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients aged 1 to 17 years (mean, 9.4 years) underwent LS for the following indications: ITP (n = 20), sickle cell disease or thalassemia (n = 6), hereditary spherocytosis (n = 5), other hematologic disorders (n = 4). Seventeen patients aged 2 to 17 years (mean, 11.8 years) underwent OS during the same time period for ITP (n = 4), sickle cell disease or thalassemia (n = 4), hereditary spherocytosis (n = 5), and other indications (n = 4). Concomitant cholecystectomy was performed in 4 of 35 LS and 4 of 17 OS. Accessory spleens were identified in 10 of 35 LS and 2 of 17 OS cases. Eleven spleens were enlarged in the LS group, and 8 were enlarged in the OS group. One LS required conversion to an open procedure because the spleen did not fit in the bag. No other cases were converted. Median estimated blood loss was 50 mL for both the LS and OS groups. The only intraoperative complication in the LS group was a splenic capsular tear, which had no effect on the successful laparoscopic removal of the spleen. No patient in either group required a blood transfusion. The LS patients had a shorter length of hospital stay (1.8 +/- 1 versus 4.0 +/- 1 day, P = .0001). Total hospital charges were not significantly different. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 40 months. One LS patient died 47 days postoperatively from unrelated causes. Two LS patients had recurrent ITP; accessory spleens were found in one and resected laparoscopically. CONCLUSION: LS in children can be performed safely with a low conversion rate (2.9%) and is associated with a shorter hospital stay and comparable total hospital cost when compared with OS.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy for treatment of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is one of the advanced laparoscopic procedures that benefit most from minimally invasive surgery. This study was undertaken to compare the operating time, blood loss, length of hospital stay, and platelet count response for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) undergoing open splenectomy (OS) versus LS. METHODS: We performed OS in 20 cases before 1992 and LS in 14 cases after 1993 for the treatment of ITP. RESULTS: The operating time was significantly shorter for OS than for LS (126 +/- 52 min versus 203 +/- 83 min, p < 0.01). Blood loss was less for OS than for LS (321 +/- 264 ml versus 524 +/- 648 ml, p = 0.287). None of the patients who underwent LS were converted to open surgery. Accessory spleens were found in four OS patients (20.0%) and four LS patients (28.6%). The postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer for OS patients than for LS patients (15.2 +/- 5.8 days versus 8.9 +/- 2.9 days, p < 0.0005). No significant difference was noted in the long-term results of splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with OS, LS required more operating time, had the potential to cause greater blood loss, had a comparable incidence of accessory spleen and response rate, and appeared to shorten the postoperative stay.     

Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a surgical disease

Background: We designed a study to assess the safety and long-term efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) for the treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Methods: Over a period of 55 months, 104 patients underwent LS for chronic ITP. The perioperative course was documented and the long-term follow-up data were recorded. Results: The mean age was 36.9 years (range, 8-83) and 72 patients were female. Patients were operated on with a mean platelet count of 110,000/ml. Fifty-one patients were operated on with a platelet count of < 100,000; 18 of them had a count of < 50,000/ml and 11 had a count of < 10,000/ml. There were no conversions to laparotomy. Bleeding occurred in 14 patients, and five of them received a blood transfusion. The mean operating time was 56.5 min (range, 25-240). There were minor complications in five patients and major complications in three. The mean hospital stay was 2.1 days (range, 0-13). Over a mean follow-up period of 36 months (range, 4-62), all but four patients were available for follow-up. Eighty-four patients are in complete remission. Seven patients are in partial remission, with a platelet count of 50,000-100,000 \ml without medical treatment. Eleven patients did not respond or relapsed following a short initial response; three of them underwent later removal of an accessory spleen, two with partial response. All but two relapses occurred within 70 days of the operation. Conclusion: LS is safe and effective for the treatment of chronic ITP and yields excellent long-term results. Until another form of treatment emerges, LS should be considered the treatment of choice for this disease and recommended to the patient at an early stage of the disease.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) has become the treatment of choice for patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) who do not respond to medical treatment. Long-term follow-up data of LS for ITP are scarce. METHODS: From May 1997 to December 2002, we performed 67 LS for patients with ITP. Data were assessed retrospectively. RESULTS: LS was successfully attempted in all 67 patients. There was no surgical mortality. Three postoperative complications (5%) were encountered. The mean operative time decreased significantly from 176.2 minutes in the first 41 cases to 125.2 minutes in the last 26 cases. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.2 days. Accessory spleens were found in 3 patients (5%) during the LS. The mean follow-up interval was 23.3 months. The initial response to LS was 83%, and overall remission of ITP was 74%. The preoperative effect of steroid therapy had no significant influence on postoperative remission rate. More significant indicators of LS effectiveness were either an immediate postoperative platelet count surge or an immediate postoperative platelet count >or=100000/microL. CONCLUSIONS: LS can be performed safely with a satisfactory remission rate for patients with ITP who do not respond to medical treatment. Our results indicated that an immediate postoperative platelet count surge and/or an immediate postoperative platelet count >or=100000/microL were positive predictors of long-term remission after LS for ITP.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy: outcomes and lessons learned from over 200 cases

BACKGROUND: In this study of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS), we evaluate prospectively gathered perioperative patient data and review lessons learned in the evolution of this procedure. METHODS: At 2 university medical centers between November 1993 and March 2000, there were 203 patients (122 female patients and 81 male patients) who underwent LS after preoperative evaluation. RESULTS: LS was successfully completed in 197 patients (97%). The mean operative time was 145.5 minutes and the length of stay averaged 2.7 days with 143 (70.4%) staying less than 48 hours. The most common indication was idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Six patients required conversion to open splenectomy (OS), with only 2 conversions in the last 163 cases. No deaths were attributed to the procedure. Complications occurred in 19 patients (9.3%). Thirty accessory spleens were identified in 25 patients (12.3%). Seventeen patients (8.4%) underwent concomitant procedures, most commonly cholecystectomy. CONCLUSIONS: LS by the lateral approach is both safe and feasible in patients of all ages.     

腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜

目的：探讨腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜的手术安全性、可行性和临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析35例内科治疗无效的特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者行腹腔镜脾切除术的临床资料。33例成功地完成腹腔镜脾切除术。另2例在腹腔镜脾切除后脾床渗血，施行小切口脾床止血。结果：手术时间70～180min，平均4120min。术中出血量20-600mL，平均120mL。平均住院时间6．4d，无并发症发生。术后随访3～20个月，平均lO个月，19例完全有效，12例部分有效，总有效率88．6％。结论：腹腔镜脾切除术治疗特发性血小板减少性紫癜安全可行、痛苦少、恢复快。     

Introduction of laparoscopic splenectomy for the treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura

AIM OF THE STUDY: Was to evaluate retrospectively the outcomes and efficacy of the laparoscopic splenectomies for ITP patients, performed at our institution over a period of 7 years and to compare these results with those after open splenectomies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected and analyzed data of 22 consecutive adult patients with ITP who underwent either laparoscopic (LS gr., n = 9) or open (OS gr., n = 13) splenectomy at Hospital of Kaunas University of Medicine between the years 1996 and 2002. The indications for splenectomy in these patients were unsuccessful treatment with corticosteroids or other medications and/or the requirement of high dosages of steroids for prolonged periods of time to maintain platelet count > 50 G/L before operation. Prior to surgery, all patients were treated with corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin to raise the platelet count and to minimize the risk of intraoperative bleeding. The efficacy of the operation was evaluated by counting platelets one day before surgery and on the first and fifth postoperative day. Data chosen for analysis included age, gender, weight, height, American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score, number of converted patients, estimated blood loss during operation, operating time, postoperative secretion through the drains, morbidity, mortality and postoperative hospital stay. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between LS and OS groups according patients age, weight, height, gender and ASA score. The mean operative time was 138.8 +/- 50.1 min in LS group and was significantly longer than operative time in OS group (102.3 +/- 21.3 min). One patient was converted to open splenectomy because of severe bleeding from splenic hilum. Postoperative complications occurred in one patient from each group. The mean intraoperative blood loss was 460 +/- 125 ml in LS group and 510 +/- 140 ml in OS group (p > 0.05). Postoperative secretion through the drains and postoperative secretion time in LS group was significantly lower and shorter than in OS group. Postoperative hospital stay in LS group (5 +/- 1.1 days) was significantly shorter than in OS group (8 +/- 1.4 days). After splenectomy, there was an immediate increase in the platelet count of all patients in both groups. Between the day before surgery and the first postoperative day, the mean platelet count rose significantly from 75 +/- 57.0 G/L to 117 +/- 84.2 G/L in LS group and from 64 +/- 60.1 G/L to 122 +/- 79.3 G/L in OS group. Between the first postoperative day and the fifth postoperative day, the mean platelet count also rose significantly in both groups: from 117 +/- 84.2 G/L to 259 +/- 151.0 G/L in LS group and from 122 +/- 79.3 G/L to 258 +/- 158.4 G/L in OS group. In the immediate postoperative period (five days after operation), all LS group and OS group patients responded to the splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic or open splenectomy are equally efficacious in patients with ITP, with an immediate response rate of 100 % in our study. Our study results show that open splenectomy appears superior to laparoscopic procedure in terms of shorter operative time. Laparoscopic splenectomy appears superior to open procedure in terms of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage time, less postoperative secretion through the drains. These two approaches are similar with regard to blood loss during operations and the rate of postoperative complications.     

Laparoscopic splenectomy

PURPOSE: To study the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) in patients with hematologic disorders requiring surgical intervention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A series of 103 consecutive adult patients underwent LS between 1992 and 1997 at our teaching hospital. Data were collected prospectively. The indications for splenectomy included idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), hereditary spherocytosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. RESULTS: The mean spleen size was 14 cm (range 8.5-24 cm) and the mean weight was 263 g (range 40-210 g). Accessory spleens were detected in 12 patients with ITP and 17 patients in the study overall. In 12 patients, LS was combined with a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones. There were four conversions to open splenectomy, all for hemorrhage and all occurred in the first 50 patients. We have not converted a single patient in the last 2 years. The mean operative time was 161 minutes and was greater in the first 10 cases than the last 10. There were no deaths. Postoperative complications occurred in six patients, one necessitating a second procedure for a small-bowel obstruction. The average length of stay in the hospital was 2.5 days. After surgery, thrombocytopenia resolved in 84% of patients with ITP and anemia resolved in 92% of the patients with hereditary spherocytosis. After a mean follow-up of 38 months (range 2-565 months), four patients (6%) showed a relapse of ITP, three within 12 months of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic splenectomy can be performed safely and effectively in a teaching institution. LS in comparison with open surgery offers the same efficacy in the control of hematologic disease with the additional benefits of a minimally invasive approach. Laparoscopic splenectomy should therefore be considered the technique of choice and should prompt earlier consideration of surgery for patients with selected hematologic disorders.