胆管超选技术降低ERCP术后胰腺炎发生率的对照研究

目的 探讨应用导丝超选胆管技术在减少ERCP术后相关胰腺炎中的价值.方法 随机抽取术者1998-2001年间以乳头直接插入法行诊断性及治疗性ERCP术病人共78例,及2007-2008年间应用导丝超选技术行ERCP术病人112例,回顾性对比研究了两组插管成功率、胰管显影率,以及ERCP术后血淀粉酶的动态变化、相关胰腺炎的发生情况,并进行胰管显影分级与胰腺炎并发症之间的单因素相关分析.结果 乳头直接插入法的胆管插管成功率仅42.30 %(33/78例),约61.53%(16/26例)的病人因插管失败,不能进一步行ERCP相关治疗;而近年采用导丝超选胆管技术显著提高了插管成功率94.64%(106/112例,P<0.01).前后两组术中胰管显影率分别为58.97 %(46/78例)及8.04%(9/112例)(P<0.01);术后相关胰腺炎发生率分别为21.79%(17/78例)及3.57%(4/112例)(P<0.01),其中直接插管组有3例发生重症胰腺炎,导丝超选组无一例发生重症胰腺炎;两组ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症发生率分别为65.38%(51/78例)及61.61%(69/112例)(P>0.05).胰管显影程度与ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生之间有显著的正相关性(P<0.01).结论 借助导丝引导的胆管超选技术明显提高了插管成功率,显著降低了ERCP术后相关胰腺炎并发症,并可降低操作过程中胰管的显影率;胰管显影分级可预测ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生,是导致其发生的重要的但非单一因素.     

双导丝技术与早期乳头括约肌预切开术在困难ERCP中疗效分析

目的探讨双导丝技术与早期乳头预切开技术在困难性ERCP插管中的有效性和安全性。方法对2015年3月至2017年8月对106例困难ERCP患者所采用的两种方法进行对比研究。对常规插管反复进入胰管者采用双导丝插管技术胆管插管的定义为双导丝组(46例),而将常规插管不成功者即早期行乳头括约肌预切开术后胆管插管的定义为早期预切开组(60例)。观察两组插管的成功率、术后胰腺炎、出血、穿孔等并发症的发生率。结果在整个研究期间内106例困难ERCP患者,分别应用双导丝插管(46例)以及早期乳头括约肌预切开后选择性胆管插管(60例),其中双导丝组成功率为93.5%(43/46),早期预切开组成功率为96. 7%(58/60),术后胰腺炎发生率,双导丝组25例(占54. 3%)、早期预切开组13例(占21. 6%),两组比较差异性有统计学意义(P 0. 05);无一例患者出现穿孔、出血。结论在困难性胆管插管ERCP中采用双导丝插管技术或者乳头括约肌预切开术均能提高插管成功率,早期预切开技术ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生率较双导丝组明显降低,可作为困难ERCP插管中的补充方式。     

ERCP所致急性胰腺炎的预防

目的 探索预防ERCP所致急性胰腺炎的有效方法. 方法 420例行ERCP惠者,随机分为实验组318例,对照组102例.实验组病人在ERCP术前、术中持续静滴甲磺酸加贝酯注射液,术后胆管内注入山莨菪碱注射液和硫酸庆大霉素注射液.对照组病人于ERCP后静滴山莨菪碱注射液10 mg.两组病人分别于术后第3,16小时取静脉血测定淀粉酶含量. 结果 实验组病人血淀粉酶的升高频次及程度明显低于对照组(P<0.01),急性胰腺炎的出现频次也低于对照组(P<0.05). 结论 ERCP病人在操作前、中持续静滴甲磺酸加贝酯注射液,术后胆管内注入山莨菪碱、庆大霉素注射液,能够明显降低ERCP后病人的血淀粉酶含量及急性胰腺炎的发生率.     

早期经胰管方向Oddi括约肌预切开可减少ERCP术后胰腺炎发生

目的 :探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)在困难插管操作中早期经胰管方向Oddi括约肌预切开方法对ERCP术后胰腺炎的影响。方法:对2018年6月至2019年11月期间,于我院胰胆外科行ERCP治疗的103例病人进行回顾性分析。比较插管中导丝第2次进入胰管后立即行沿胰管方向Oddi括约肌预切开(早期经胰管预切开组,42例)与多次尝试插管以至于导丝反复进入胰管(2次以上)后选择性插管成功或不成功再行胰管方向Oddi括约肌预切开(对照组,61例)间的术后相关并发症发生率及胰腺炎发生率。结果:早期经胰管预切开组与对照组最终均完成选择性胆道插管,但早期经胰管预切开组的插管时间明显短于对照组[(9.59±1.54) min比(13.33±2.09) min,P=0.022]。早期经胰管预切开组有3例ERCP术后胰腺炎,少于对照组(15例),差异有统计学意义(P=0.033)。所有病例均为轻型胰腺炎,对症处理后好转。两组均无术后胆道感染,无术后出血。Logistic回归分析提示,插管时间10 min,导丝进入胰管2次是术后胰腺炎发生的独立危险因素。结论:对ERCP插管时导丝进入胰管的病人尽早(≤2次)行经胰管方向Oddi括约肌预切开是安全的,并有助于缩短插管时间,提高插管成功率,减少ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生率。     

术前与选择性术后吲哚美辛直肠给药对预防ERCP术后胰腺炎的作用比较

比较术前吲哚美辛直肠给药与选择性术后吲哚美辛直肠给药对ERCP术后胰腺炎的预防作用。符合ERCP手术条件的314例患者随机分为常规治疗组(160例)和选择性治疗组(154例)。常规治疗组在ERCP术前30 min内单次直肠给予吲哚美辛100 mg。选择性治疗组仅对ERCP术后判定为胰腺炎高危的患者立即直肠给予吲哚美辛100 mg。比较两组术前及术后6、24、48 h血清淀粉酶水平,VAS疼痛评分、术后胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症发生率。常规治疗组与选择性治疗组术前血清淀粉酶差异无统计学意义,常规治疗组术后6、24、48 h血清淀粉酶低于选择性治疗组,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组术前VAS疼痛评分差异无统计学意义,常规治疗组术后6、24、48 h评分均低于选择性治疗组,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);常规治疗组ERCP术后胰腺炎发生率明显低于选择性治疗组(5.6%vs 10.4%,P0.05),常规治疗组高淀粉酶血症发生率亦显著低于选择性治疗组(37.0%vs 23.8%,P0.05)。在ERCP术后胰腺炎预防作用方面,术前吲哚美辛直肠给药优于选择性术后直肠给药。     

吲哚美辛对ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及胰腺炎的预防作用

目的观察常规直肠应用吲哚美辛栓剂对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影术(endoscopic rectrograde cholangiopancreatography,ERCP)术后高淀粉酶血症、胰腺炎的预防作用。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2014年12月,池州市人民医院消化内镜中心行ERCP治疗的166例临床患者资料,其中术前预防性使用吲哚美辛栓纳肛的病例94例,未使用吲哚美辛72例,比较两组ERCP术前、术后3 h、术后24 h血清淀粉酶水平及术后高淀粉酶血症、胰腺炎的发生率。结果 2组患者术前血淀粉酶无统计学差异(78.0±6.9 vs 87.8±7.8,P0.05),但吲哚美辛组术后3 h血淀粉酶水平显著低于对照组(175.6±67.7 vs438.6±77.4,P0.01),24 h血淀粉酶也低于对照组(227.8±37.3 vs 239.8±38.1,F=19.93,P0.01)。吲哚美辛纳肛组ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症发生率低于对照组(3.2%vs 5.6%,P0.01),吲哚美辛纳肛组ERCP术后胰腺炎发生率也低于对照组(7.4%vs 12.5%,P0.01)。结论 ERCP术前使用吲哚美辛可以预防ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症及术后急性胰腺炎的发生,可以作为常规预防手段使用。     

奥曲肽联合泮托拉唑预防内镜逆行胰胆管造影术后胰腺炎

目的：探讨内镜逆行胰胆管造影（ERCP）术后胰腺炎的预防措施。 方法：将2010年7月—2012年11月间行ERCP术后的患者100例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各50例患者。观察组术后给予联合应用生长抑素（奥曲肽0.1 mg/8 h皮下注射连用24 h）和质子泵抑制剂作预防治疗（泮托拉唑40 mg/d静脉滴注连用2 d）,对照组给予生理盐水静脉滴注。比较两组患者ERCP术后3,12,24 h的血清淀粉酶情况,及胰腺炎的发生情况。 结果：两组一般资料比较具有可比性;在术后3,12,24 h各时间点比较,观察组血清淀粉酶水平均明显低于对照组（均P<0.05）;观察组术后12,24 h高淀粉酶血症发生率及术后急性胰腺炎明显均低于对照组（18% vs. 42%;8% vs. 22%;2% vs. 16%）（均P<0.05）。 结论：联合应用生长抑素和质子泵抑制剂可减少ERCP术后高淀粉酶血症与胰腺炎的发生率,是一种安全且有效的ERCP术后胰腺炎预防措施。     

胰管塑料支架预防ERCP术后胰腺炎的临床应用

目的 探讨胰管塑料支架预防内镜下逆行性胰胆管造影（ERCP）术后胰腺炎的临床效果。 方法 对我院2009年10月~2010年11月期间37例胆管炎或胆管结石患者在ERCP术中胆管插管困难患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。这些患者均采用胰管括约肌小切口，并置入胰管塑料支架，观察是否并发术后胰腺炎或其他并发症。结果 在接受ERCP的37例患者中，3例出现高淀粉酶及高脂肪酶血症，其中1例淀粉酶高于正常值的3倍，余两例淀粉酶值分别为132和312 IU/l，脂肪酶324和523 IU/l。72小时后复查，上述结果均恢复正常。患者无腹痛，恶心呕吐等症状，胰腺周围无渗出或假性囊肿的出现。术后3~4周，电子胃镜下取出支架。除2例支架轻度外移1.0cm外，其余均放置良好，未见堵塞。结论 ERCP胆管插管困难患者放置胰管塑料支架可以预防术后胰腺炎的发生。     

生大黄预防ERCP术后胰腺炎的疗效观察

目的:观察生大黄对内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后胰腺炎(PEP)及高淀粉酶血症的预防作用。方法:选择2012年10月—2013年10月共800例术前血清淀粉酶正常行ERCP患者,患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各400例,术后均予常规治疗外,观察组于ERCP术后口服生大黄浸泡液(1次/3h)至通便为止。比较两组术后相关临床指标。结果:与对照组比较,观察组PEP(2.0%vs.7.5%)、高淀粉酶血症(5.0%vs.16.3%)、术后腹痛发生率(15.0%vs.51.3%)发生率均明显降低(均P0.05),而且术后排便时间明显缩短(10.61hvs.19.51h)(P0.01)。结论:生大黄可降低PEP及高淀粉酶血症的发生率,减轻术后腹痛的发生率。     

适时采用十二指肠乳头括约肌开窗术降低ERCP术后胰腺炎的临床价值

目的 评价适时采用十二指肠乳头括约肌开窗术对于ERCP术中插管困难患者术后胰腺炎发生的影响,探讨该手术的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾性分析2006年7月至2009年12月上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院收治的181例ERCP术中插管困难患者的临床资料,其中98例继续采用传统方式插管患者为对照组,83例适时行十二指肠乳头括约肌开窗术患者为研究组,比较两组患者选择性胆管插管的成功率及术后胰腺炎的发生率.计量资料的比较采用t检验,计数资料的比较采用x2检验,等级资料采用Wilcoxon秩和检验.结果 对照组和研究组患者首次插管成功率、术后高淀粉酶血症发生率、术后胰腺炎发生率分别为85.7％ (84/98)、7.1％(7/98)、10.2％( 10/98)和94.0％ (78/83)、18.1％ (15/83)、2.4％( 2/83),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=10.12,5.03,4.41,P＜0.05).对照组和研究组患者中轻、中、重度胰腺炎分别为3、5、2例和1、1、0例,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.11,P＜0.05).结论 对于ERCP术中插管困难的患者适时采用十二指肠乳头括约肌开窗术可减少ERCP术后胰腺炎的发生,是一种安全、有效的方法.     

Use of the laparoscopic–endoscopic approach, the so-called “rendezvous” technique, in cholecystocholedocholithiasis

Background Several studies have shown the efficacy and effectiveness of the combined endoscopic–laparoscopic “rendezvous” technique for treatment of gallbladder and bile duct stones without complications, particularly pancreatitis. The so-called rendezvous technique consists of laparoscopic cholecystectomy standards with intraoperative cholangiography followed by endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). The sphincterotome is driven across the papilla through a guidewire inserted by the transcystic route. This method allows easier and faster cannulation, thus avoiding papillary edema and pancreatic trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this method is effective in eliminating ductal stones and to verify whether the risk of postprocedure pancreatitis is diminished. Methods From January 2002 to September 2004, we enrolled 256 patients with cholecystocholedolithiasis detected by transabdominal ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. One hundred and twenty of these had one or more patient-related risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis, so they were randomized into two groups of 60 patients. In group A, the patients were treated in a single step with videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy, intraoperative cholangiography, and EST during the surgical procedure with the rendezvous technique. In group B, preoperative ERCP and EST were performed by using a traditional method of bile duct cannulation. Results No cases of post-ERCP pancreatitis were observed in group A, whereas six cases of acute post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in group B (five mild and one moderate) (p = 0.0274). No procedure-related mortality was recorded. Conclusion In cholecysthocholedocholithiasis, the combined laparoscopic–endoscopic approach prevents post-ERCP pancreatitis in cases with patient-related risk factors for this complication.     

胰管支架表面括约肌预切开在ERCP困难胆管插管中的应用效果

目的 探讨胰管支架表面括约肌预切开(PPDS)在ERCP困难胆管插管中的应用效果.方法 回顾性统计分析2016年6月1日至2021年5月31日上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院北部院区所有ERCP术病例资料,将在ERCP操作过程中导丝意外进入胰管的困难胆管插管者,根据术中选择插管方法,分为两组:(1)PPDS组,(2)双导...     

Angled- or straight-tipped hydrophilic guidewire in biliary cannulation: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial

Background

Deep biliary cannulation is the key for successful endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures. Guidewire-assisted cannulation is associated both with a higher success rate and a reduced risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis compared with standard catheter cannulation. However, to our knowledge there are no prospective, randomized studies comparing the use of different guidewires in biliary cannulation. The goal of this study was to compare the performance of an angled-tipped guidewire (AGW) with a straight-tipped guidewire (SGW) in achieving successful deep biliary cannulation.

Methods

Patients with intended biliary cannulation of an intact papilla were prospectively randomized to angled- or straight-tipped hydrophilic guidewire arms in a tertiary, referral, university hospital setting. Randomized cannulation method was applied either until successful cannulation of the bile duct or until 2 min had passed. Crossover was not included in the study protocol. The main outcome measurements were the cannulation success rate and duration of cannulation.

Results

Of the 239 consecutive patients, 155 patients were randomized: in the final analysis 70 patients were included in the AGW arm and 83 patients in the SGW arm. Cannulation time [median; seconds (s)] was shorter with the AGW compared with the SGW (20 vs. 63 s, p = 0.01). There was no difference in the cannulation success rate or the complication rate between the two study groups.

Conclusions

AGW may facilitate biliary cannulation in ERCP.     

Double-guidewire-assisted cannulation in ERCP: novel applications

Even in experienced hands, a common problem at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is difficulty in reaching a selective cannulation of the common bile duct or pancreatic duct. The success rate of biliary cannulation has improved markedly in many centers after the adoption of double-guidewire-assisted cannulation technique in cases in which the guidewire repeatedly passes into the pancreatic duct although the common bile duct is intended. Here, we describe 2 novel applications of the double-guidewire technique for difficult cannulation in ERCP. In particular, we emphasize that in addition to difficult biliary cannulation, double-guidewire technique may prove useful in difficult pancreatic cannulation. The double-guidewire technique is feasible also in cases in which the guidewire repeatedly passes into the cystic duct instead of the intended common hepatic duct and intrahepatic radicals. ERCP endoscopists should be aware of all modifications of double-guidewire technique to further increase the success rates of selective cannulations in ERCP.     

Pancreatic sphincterotomy versus needle knife precut in difficult biliary cannulation

Background  In endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) difficult cannulation is an independent risk factor for complications. Methods  Altogether 6,209 ERCPs were performed in Helsinki University Central Hospital in the period 1996–2006. In 558 cases (9%) without a previous sphincterotomy, direct access into the biliary duct could not be achieved. In this group access was attempted by first performing a pancreatic sphincterotomy in 351 difficult cannulation cases (63%). A needle knife precut without a pancreatic sphincterotomy was performed in 178 cases (32%). All the necessary clinical and laboratory information was available for 262 of the 351 patients who had undergone a pancreatic sphincterotomy and for 157 of the 178 patients who had been subjected to needle knife precutting, and these data were further evaluated in this study. Results  The pancreatic sphincterotomy technique was successful in 255 cases (97.3%). Post-ERCP pancreatitis developed in 8.8% of the pancreatic sphincterotomy group. In 147 patients, biliary cannulation was successful following a pancreatic sphincterotomy, and the post-ERCP pancreatitis rate for those patients was 9.3%. In 108 patients, a needle knife papillotomy, in addition to a pancreatic sphincterotomy, was necessary and resulted in a post-ERCP pancreatitis rate of 8.2%. In the needle knife precut group only, post-ERCP pancreatitis developed in 5.1% of cases. Biliary cannulation succeeded less frequently following needle knife precutting than following the pancreatic sphincterotomy technique (71.3% versus 97.3%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the post-ERCP pancreatitis rate between the precut and pancreatic sphincterotomy techniques (p = 0.16). Conclusions  In difficult cannulation, a pancreatic sphincterotomy to achieve deep biliary duct cannulation can be performed with a high success rate (failure rate less than 3%). The corresponding success rate using the needle knife precut technique is 71%. In both methods the risk for post-ERCP pancreatitis is comparable to that of a standard biliary sphincterotomy.     

经内镜乳头括约肌小口切开并放置塑料支架分期治疗巨大或多发胆总管结石

【摘要】目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）Ⅰ期先行乳头括约肌小口切开并放置塑料支架解除梗阻,一月后再Ⅱ期取石,分期治疗巨大或多发胆总管结石的临床应用的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2015年12月在我科住院首次行ERCP治疗的72例直径≥20mm或结石数量≥3粒的胆总管结石患者,分为观察组（一期ERCP放置支架,1月后二期取石,n=36）;对照组（一期治疗组,n=36）。观察和比较两组病例术后结石清除率,ERCP后胰腺炎（PEP）、重症胰腺炎发生,术后出血、胆道感染发生情况。结果在术后结石清除率方面观察组34例（94.4%）与对照组31例（91.2%）,比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;观察组ERCP术后胰腺炎1例,对照组有8例（P<0.05）;观察组无重症胰腺炎发生,对照组发生2例;观察组1例发生术后出血,对照组则有6例发生（P<0.05）;观察组没有发生术后胆道感染,对照组发生5例（P<0.05）。结论内镜下乳头括约肌小切开并放置塑料支架分期取石术治疗巨大或多发胆总管结石是安全、有效、可行的。     

A prospective randomized study of thin versus regular-sized guide wire in wire-guided cannulation

Background

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a valuable tool in the diagnosis and management of various pancreatobiliary disorders. Our aim was to evaluate whether the combination of a thin guide wire and a thin sphincterotome would facilitate selective cannulation of the bile duct and reduce the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) by reducing papillary trauma when compared with a regular-sized hydrophilic guide wire.

Methods

Between June 2011 and February 2012, we performed 100 biliary cannulations for a native papilla in a randomized controlled trial. Having given their written informed consent, patients were randomly assigned to a 0.025-inch guide wire and sphincterotome group (n = 50) or to a 0.035-inch guide wire and sphincterotome group (n = 50). Number of cannulation attempts, number of accidental guide wire passages into the pancreatic duct, secondary cannulation techniques after failed primary cannulation, time to change the technique, and time for successful cannulation were collected in a database. Patients were followed up after ERCP, and all post-ERCP complications were recorded.

Results

Primary cannulation was successful in 80 %. With accessory techniques, cannulation of the biliary duct was achieved in every case except one. There was no difference in primary cannulation rate between the 0.025-inch and 0.035-inch wire groups (n = 40 in each group). PEP was diagnosed in two patients (2.0 %), one in each study group. Postsphincterotomy bleeding occurred in one patient (1.0 %).

Conclusions

The thickness of the hydrophilic guide wire does not appear to affect either the success rate of primary cannulation or the risk of complications.     

带连接线的鼻胆胰内外引流管在困难性胆管插管中的应用价值

目的 探讨带连接线的鼻胆胰内外引流管在困难性胆管插管中的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析同济大学附属东方医院胆石病中心2019年1月至12月实施困难性胆管插管术的患者临床资料,分为观察组（带连接线的鼻胆胰内外引流管）与对照组（鼻胆管+单猪尾胰管支架）,每组47例,比较两组术中胆管插管及引流管置入时间,术后急性胰腺炎及高淀粉酶血症发生率,胰管支架早期脱落及晚期未脱落率。结果 观察组与对照组在胆管插管时间[（13.89±2.43）min vs（14.28±2.53）min,t=0.747,P=0.457]、术后急性胰腺炎[0 vs 4.3%（2/47）,χ2 =2.816,P=0.495]和高淀粉酶血症发生率[10.6%（5/47）vs 12.8%（6/47）,χ2 =0.103,P=0.748]方面差异无统计学意义。观察组引流管置入时间明显较对照组长[（4.30±0.83）min vs（2.15±0.66）min,t=13.885,P＜0.001],胰管支架早期脱落率[0 vs 12.8%（6/47）,χ2 =8.727,P=0.026]及晚期未脱落率[0 vs 12.2%（5/41）,χ2 =7.984,P=0.019]均低于对照组。结论 困难性胆管插管术中使用带连接线的鼻胆胰内外引流管其置入难度较大,但是具有移位率低、易取出的优点。