踝肱指数异常增高的糖尿病患者心血管病危险因素研究

目的 分析踝肱指数（ABI）增高的糖尿病患者的心血管病危险因素。方法采用多普勒血流探测仪测定解放军第306医院2003--2005年门诊及病房收治的493例2型糖尿病患者的ABI，以ABI〈0．90为低ABI组（n=39），0．90≤ABI≤1．40为正常组（n=353），ABI〉1．40为高ABI组（n=101）；同时对心血管病危险因素进行分析。结果高ABI与正常ABI组比较，腰围、腰臀比、C反应蛋白、尿酸显著增高，吸烟率及高血压合并症发生率显著增加。结论ABI〉1．40的糖尿病患者有更多的动脉硬化危险因素，需要将这些患者与ABI〈0．90的患者同样重视。     

268例踝肱指数与大血管并发症相关危险因素分析

采用多普勒血流探测仪测定268例T2DM患者的ABI,0.90为低(n=25),0.90≤ABI≤1.40为正常(n=183),ABI1.40为高ABI组(n=60);同时对大血管病并发症相关危险因素进行分析。结果与正常ABI组比较,高ABI及代ABI者腰围、腰臀比、c反应蛋白、尿酸、血脂显著增高,心肌缺血及高血压合并症发后率呈显著增加。结论ABI异常的T2DM患者大血管并发症危险因素增加。     

2型糖尿病患者趾臂指数(TBI)与动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

目的 研究踝臂指数(ABI)正常的2型糖尿病患者趾臂指数(TBI)与动脉粥样硬化的相关性.方法 瑞金医院内分泌代谢病科门诊收集的945例ABI正常(0.9≤ABI＜1.3)患者,根据TBI分为正常组(TBI≥0.6,n=893)和降低组(TBI＜0.6,n=52).分析TBI与颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的相关性,以及TBI降低与动脉粥样硬化之间的关系.结果 TBI降低组的年龄及HbA1C明显高于TBI正常组.TBI与IMT显著负相关,回归系数β=-0.217(P＜0.01).按照TBI＜0.6,0.6≤TBI＜0.8,0.8≤TBI＜1.0,TBI≥1.0分为4组,以TBI等级变量为自变量,是否发生动脉粥样硬化为因变量,进行多元logistic回归分析,TBI降低是动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素(OR=1.30,95% CI 1.01～1.69,P＜0.05).结论 在2型糖尿病中,TBI的降低是动脉粥样硬化的独立危险因素,有必要在糖尿病患者中早期检测TBI,以便检测到ABI不能发现的动脉硬化及狭窄,及早进行干预,降低糖尿病动脉粥样硬化的风险.     

高龄老年人血压变异性与踝臂指数关系探讨

目的评价高龄老年人群血压变异性(BPV)与踝臂指数(ABI)的关系。方法入选年龄≥80岁高龄老人111例,按照ABI分为异常ABI组(ABI≤0.9或ABI>1.3)56例和正常ABI组(ABI>0.9)55例,比较2组24h动态血压参数和BPV参数;另根据血压将患者分为高血压组48例和非高血压组63例,观察2组BPV及ABI差异。logistic回归分析ABI独立危险因素。结果异常ABI组较正常ABI组24h舒张压、昼间舒张压和夜间舒张压明显降低(P<0.05),24h收缩压变异性[(12.80±2.66)mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)vs(14.14±3.64)mm Hg]明显降低、夜间收缩压变异性[(11.99±4.19)mm Hg vs(9.97±4.05)mm Hg]明显增高(P<0.05)。高血压组24h收缩压变异性[(14.87±3.91)mm Hg vs(13.20±3.41)mm Hg]、夜间收缩压变异性[(12.27±5.50)mm Hg vs(10.33±3.93)mm Hg]明显增高,ABI[(0.98±0.21)vs(1.07±0.20)]明显降低(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析提示,夜间舒张压和夜间收缩压变异性为ABI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论高龄老年人群24h舒张压、昼间及夜间舒张压、24h收缩压变异性、夜间收缩压变异性可能是异常ABI的危险因素。     

门诊2型糖尿病足高危患者的踝肱指数与糖尿病足的相关性研究

目的 对有下肢症状的门诊2型糖尿病患者进行踝肱指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)监测,了解糖尿病下肢血管病变的患病率并探讨ABI与糖尿病足的关系.方法 在上海市糖尿病临床医学中心门诊就诊的1010例有下肢症状的2型糖尿病患者中测定ABI,同时测定空腹和餐后血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1e)、血压、体重指数(BMI)、双下肢的振动感觉阈值等,按ABI结果将患者分为5组:A组(ABI>1.3,35例)、B组(0.91.3占3.5%(35/1010).合并足病者83例(8.02%),包括溃疡50例(4.95%),坏疽13例(1.29%),感染20例(1.98%).相关分析显示ABI与年龄、病程、收缩压、HbA1c和糖化血清白蛋白呈显著负相关(r值分别为-0.201、-0.171、-0.113、-0.160、-0.137,均P<0.01).Logistic回归分析显示ABI是糖尿病足病的独立危险因素(t=6.805,P=0.00).结论 门诊2犁糖尿病足高危患者中26.4%存在下肢动脉病变,8.02%存在足病.年龄、病程、血糖控制不佳是影响ABI的关键因素.ABI的降低与足病的发生密切关联.     

测量踝臂指数对冠状动脉硬化程度和心血管事件的预测意义

目的研究踝臂指数(ABI)和冠状动脉硬化程度及预后的关系。方法选择2003年1月至6月在黑龙江省大庆市第一人民医院行选择性冠状动脉造影检查的住院患者111例,经冠状动脉造影证实有冠状动脉病变81例,冠状动脉正常30例。测量四肢血压后计算ABI。选择性冠状动脉造影(CAG),采用Gensini积分系统,对每支血管病变程度进行定量评定。对患者进行4年门诊随访。结果冠状动脉正常组(30例)的冠状动脉积分为0.43±10.85,ABI为1.14±0.21;单支病变组(33例)的冠状动脉积分为13.54±9.96,ABI为0.95±0.25;双支病变组(30例)的冠状动脉积分为24.26±11.26,ABI为0.96±0.29;三支病变组(18例)的冠状动脉积分为39.55±12.36,ABI为0.68±0.35。冠状动脉正常组和有冠状动脉病变组的ABI差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。多元Logistic回归提示糖尿病病史增加、空腹血糖增高和冠状动脉积分增高与ABI呈负相关关系。ABI≥0.9组随访中有2例死亡,ABI<0.9组中有6例死亡(P=0.00367),ABI<0.9是冠心病死亡的预测因素。结论ABI是预测冠状动脉硬化程度和冠心病死亡的一种简单可靠的指标。     

急性脑梗死患者踝肱指数与蛋白尿的相关性研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者踝肱指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)与蛋白尿的相关性。方法连续收集2013年1月~2014年10月于南京军区南京总医院神经内科住院的年龄>60岁的急性脑梗死患者263例,依据是否存在蛋白尿分为蛋白尿阳性组73例,蛋白尿阴性组190例。根据ABI值分为ABI降低者44例(ABI≤0.9),ABI正常者143例(0.91.3),分析ABI与蛋白尿的相关性。结果 263例患者中,73例(27.8%)伴发蛋白尿。与蛋白尿阴性组患者比较,蛋白尿阳性组患者在年龄、高血压、糖尿病、空腹血糖和ABI分布上存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示年龄[OR=1.162,95%CI:1.095~1.233,P=0.001]、高血压史[OR=2.211,95%CI:1.012~4.831,P=0.047]和ABI降低[OR=3.372,95%CI:1.312~8.668,P=0.028]与蛋白尿显著相关。结论在急性脑梗死患者中,年龄、高血压病史以及患者ABI降低对蛋白尿出现有预测价值。     

女性代谢综合征患者踝臂指数与全因及心血管病死亡的关系

目的研究踝臂指数(ABI)与女性代谢综合征(MS)患者全因死亡与心血管病(CVD)死亡之间的关系。方法符合国际糖尿病学会(IDF,2005)MS诊断标准的女性MS患者1049例入选。进行ABI的测量及平均13.6月随访。按ABI水平的不同将研究对象分为外周动脉疾病(PAD)组(ABI≤0.9,共259例)和非PAD组(ABI在0.91～1.40之间,共790例)。结果在基线水平,PAD组的年龄、高血压患病率、收缩压水平、糖尿病患病率、吸烟率均高于非PAD组(P<0.05)。PAD组与非PAD组的全因死亡率分别为10.4%和4.4%(P<0.01),CVD死亡率分别为4.6%和1.6%(P<0.01)。ABI最高第4分位(≤0.40)较最低的第1分位(1.00～1.40)全因死亡增加3.7倍(P=0.012),心血管病死亡率虽有增加但无显著性。通过COX回归分析,调整年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟等因素后,显示全因死亡和CVD死亡的相对危险仍呈同样趋势。结论低ABI是预测女性MS患者全因死亡的独立性危险因素,女性MS患者早期常规接受ABI检查,积极预防和治疗PAD对提高生存率具有重要价值。     

原发性高血压患者踝臂指数与左心室肥厚的关系

目的探讨高血压病患者动态血压及踝臂指数(ABI)与左室质量指数(LVMI)的关系。方法 87例原发性高血压患者(无冠心病、糖尿病、慢性肾病)根据ABI水平分为ABI正常组(ABI为1.10～1.14)、ABI减低组(ABI≤0.90),两组年龄、BMI、高血压病程等差异无统计学意义。分别比较两组左心室结构及功能指标的差异,并用多元线性回归方法分析ABI与左心室肥厚(LVH)的相关性。结果 ABI减低组24 h平均SBP和LVH发生率均较ABI正常组高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。ABI与SBP、LVMI呈负相关(r=-0.803、-0.802,P均<0.01),SBP与LVMI呈正相关(r=0.757,P<0.01)。SBP、LVMI增高分别是ABI减低的独立预测因素(β=-0.006、-0.015,P均<0.01)。结论原发性高血压患者中,ABI与LVMI有关,LVMI增高、ABI减低提示原发性高血压预后不良。     

中老年人群踝臂指数减低的相关因素研究

目的探讨40岁以上中老年人群踝臂指数(ABI)减低的发生率及与其他心血管病危险因素之间的关系。方法采用横断面研究,入选自2008年3月至2009年11月来我院门诊就诊及体检的40岁以上中老年人群,检测ABI并调查患者的一般资料及心血管病危险因素,分析患者ABI减低的发生率及相关的危险因素。结果共入选符合条件的对象1040例,男性620例,女性420例,年龄40岁～89岁,平均年龄55.65±10.39岁,男性平均56.81±11.23岁,女性平均53.93±8.64岁。ABI减低的发生率为13.3%(138/1040),其中男性为11.1%(69/620),女性为16.4%(69/420)。经logistic多变量回归分析后,ABI减低的独立相关危险因素是女性,年龄、糖尿病病史、高血压病史、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、吸烟史。结论ABI减低与心血管疾病及传统心血管病危险因素密切相关,可作为心血管病危险人群的一种无创、简单筛查手段。     

Research and Evaluation of the Influence of the Construction of the Gate and the Influence of the Piston Velocity on the Distribution of Gases into the Volume of the Casting

Distribution of gasses to the cast volume and volume of pores can be maintained within the acceptable limits by means of correct setting of technological parameters of casting and by selection of suitable structure and gating system arrangement. The main idea of this paper solves the issue of suitability of die casting adjustment—i.e., change of technological parameters or change of structural solution of the gating system—with regards to inner soundness of casts produced in die casting process. Parameters which were compared included height of a gate and velocity of a piston. The melt velocity in the gate was used as a correlating factor between the gate height and piston velocity. The evaluated parameter was gas entrapment in the cast at the end of the filling phase of die casting cycle and at the same time percentage of porosity in the samples taken from the main runner. On the basis of the performed experiments it was proved that the change of technological parameters, particularly of pressing velocity of the piston, directly influences distribution of gasses to the cast volume.     

Weighing the QT Intervals with the Slope or the Amplitude of the T Wave

Objective: The reproducibility of QT interval measurements is low, even for the mean QT interval based on the standard ECG. In this study we analyzed whether the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval was better than the simple mean QT interval. The weighing was based on the amplitude of the T wave or the slope of the steepest tangent on the terminal part of the T wave. Material and methods: 12‐lead ECGs of 130 postmyocardial infarction patients were obtained. The QT intervals were measured by the tangent‐method on two occasions by the same observer Mismatch QT intervals were defined as QT intervals that were measured at only one occasion. Sixteen ECGs were rejected. The data were split into 34 and 80 ECGs for optimization and validation of the weighing, respectively. The weighed QT dispersion was calculated as the weighed mean of the three longest minus the weighed mean of the three shortest QT intervals. Results: Weighing with the slope increased the reproducibility by 41% (P = 3 10^‐6), but weighing with the amplitude reduced it by 20% (P = 0.02). However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the slope or the amplitude increased the reproducibility with 26% and 20% (P = 0.02), respectively. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Conclusion: Weighing with the slope improved the reproducibility of the mean weighed QT interval. However, if measurements with errors above 75 ms were rejected, weighing with the amplitude also increased the reproducibility. Weighing did not change the reproducibility of the weighed QT dispersion. Weighing is particularly efficient at reducing the negative impact of mismatch QT intervals on the reproducibility. A.N.E. 2002;7(1):4–9     

县级以下综合医疗机构医务人员对现代结控知识的认识现状调查

目的本文旨在了解医务人员现代结控知识掌握的现状及培训效果?方法于培训前后进行问卷调查,内容包括:病例发现?结核病诊断及化疗?结果培训前疫情报告和转诊,回答正确者占75.2%?71.7%;对临床表现?查痰和诊断依据,回答正确者占83.5%?42.5%?40.8%;抗痨药物?用药方法?化疗原则?短化方案?短化疗程?治愈标准六项,回答正确者占58%?14.4%?20.8%?9.2%?17%?24.3%?培训后再次调查发现,90%以上医务人员对现代结控基本知识已掌握?结论各级医务人员现代结控知识是很贫乏的,因此,对其进行系统培训是极为必要的,此项工作省时?省力?投入少,可收到事半功倍的效果。     

大骨节病病区水,粮实验对动物的骨和软骨中化学元素组成的影响

用质子激发 X 线荧光分析方法(PIXE)测定了大骨节病病区和非病区的水、粮以及用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的肋软骨和硬骨中22种化学元素的含量。结果发现水粮中存在差异的元素反应在用该水粮喂养的大白鼠的骨、软骨中也存在差异,含量都低的元素有 P、Mn、Cu、As、Zn。都高的有铅。其中锌低在水、粮、硬骨和软骨中都完全一致呈非常显著性差异(p<0.01)。提示病区水、粮中化学元素对骨质的影响不是单一元素缺乏或过多所致,而是多种元素的复合因素。     

Assessment of the Soft-Tissue Seal at the Interface between the Base of the Fixed Denture Pontic and the Oral Mucosa

Fixed dentures (bridges) are often selected as a treatment option for a defective prosthesis. In this study, we assess the contact condition between the base of the pontic and oral mucosa, and examine the effect of prosthetic preparation and material biocompatibility. The molars were removed and replaced with experimental implants with a free-end type bridge superstructure after one week. In Experiment 1, we assessed different types of prosthetic pre-treatment: (1) the untreated control group (Con: mucosa recovering from the tooth extraction); (2) the laser irradiation group (Las: mucosa recovering after the damage caused by a CO₂ laser); and (3) the tooth extraction group (Ext: mucosa recovering immediately after the teeth extraction). In Experiment 2, five materials (titanium, zirconia, porcelain, gold-platinum alloy, and self-curing resin) were placed at the base of the bridge pontic. Four weeks after the placement of the bridge, the mucosa adjacent to the pontic base was histologically analyzed. In Experiment 1, the Con and Las groups exhibited no formation of an epithelial sealing structure on the pontic base. In the Ext group, adherent epithelium was observed. In Experiment 2, the sealing properties at the pontic interface were superior for titanium and the zirconia compared with those made of porcelain or gold-platinum alloy. In the resin group, a clear delay in epithelial healing was observed.     

高胆红素血症对肿瘤标志物测定的影响探讨

目的探讨高胆红素血症对Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测的影响.方法对320例胆管、胆囊良恶性疾病病人,15例胆囊炎病人的胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化、10例黄疸肝炎病人进行Ca19-9、Ca24-2和CEA检测.结果在良性胆管、胆囊疾病中,Ca19-9的假阳性最高;在胆红素增高的良性疾病中,Ca19-9假阳性率达46.7%;15例胆汁和血清以及10例肝硬化和10例黄疸肝炎病人中,Ca19-9的假阳性率分别为93%、20%、80%和80%.结论高胆红素血症对Ca19-9检测影响最明显,胆囊、胆管良恶性疾病鉴别时,以Ca24-2和CEA检测为佳.     

Echocardiography in the Emergency Department: From the Perspective of the Emergency Physician and the Cardiologist

Echocardiography performed in the emergency department must adapt to this new setting for noninvasive diagnostic testing. Emergency physicians require echocardiography to provide rapid diagnosis in life-threatening emergencies. New initiatives are being proposed by emergency physicians in the delivery of this test. Cardiologists now use echocardiography in the emergency-department to make the diagnosis of heart disease earlier and with greater accuracy.     

Tracing the protectors path from the germ line to the genome

One of the basic principles that nature uses in evolution is to recycle successful concepts and create new functions by modifying existing units. This conservatism in evolution has resulted in an astonishingly high sequence identity of genes, even between evolutionarily distant species such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and Homo sapiens. The recycling of successful concepts in conjunction with gene duplication events has also led to the existence of highly homologous proteins within the genome of many species. Often, these homologous proteins show similar, yet distinct functions that, in combination with their individual tissue distribution, define their specific physiological role. One prominent example is the p53 protein family, which consists of p53, p63, and p73. Recent advances in understanding the specific biological functions of these members have shed some light onto the evolution of this crucial protein family, from a germ line-specific quality-control factor to a somatic tumor suppressor. Furthermore, structures of the oligomerization domains of the mammalian paralogs, p53 and p73, and invertebrate orthologs, CEP-1 and DMP53, have delineated evolutionary changes and revealed that the oligomerization domain of p53 lacks additional stabilizing structural elements present in all other p53 family members. This suggests that p53 is the most recent evolutionary member of this protein family and predicts a mechanism for p53 activation.