A Biliary Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm with Intrahepatic and Lymph Node Metastases

A 51-year-old woman who presented with a large cystic liver tumor with mural nodules in the lateral segment developed Trousseau''s syndrome. A mural nodule directly invaded her liver parenchyma. Metastatic nodules were detected in the right lobe and portal/paraaortic lymph nodes. The pathological findings showed mucin-producing adenocarcinoma cells to have invaded the fibrous stroma forming a micropapillary cluster. She developed obstructive jaundice due to tumor progression and subsequently died of hepatic failure. Invasive biliary mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) is a rare form of a malignant tumor with a relatively favorable prognosis. This is a very rare case biliary MCN with invasive carcinoma that showed intrahepatic and lymph node metastases.     

Heerfordt's Syndrome Associated with Trigeminal Nerve Palsy and Reversed Halo Sign

Heerfordt''s syndrome is a rare subtype of sarcoidosis and features a combination of facial palsy, parotid swelling, and uveitis, associated with a low-grade fever. Cases with two of three symptoms are called “incomplete Heerfordt''s syndrome.” Heerfordt''s syndrome involving other cranial nerve symptoms is relatively rare. We herein report a case of incomplete Heerfordt''s syndrome presenting with trigeminal nerve palsy and a reversed halo sign, a rare manifestation of pulmonary sarcoidosis. The histological diagnosis following a biopsy of the parotid gland and endobronchial ultrasound-guided trans-bronchial needle aspiration of the mediastinal lymph nodes was sarcoidosis. The symptoms and lung lesions improved after corticosteroid therapy.     

Recurrent Cerebral Infarcts Associated with Uterine Adenomyosis: Successful Prevention by Surgical Removal

Hypercoagulability associated with malignant tumors causes thrombosis, termed Trousseau''s syndrome, but is rarely associated with benign gynecological tumors, such as myoma and adenomyosis. We herein report a 47-year-old Japanese woman with uterine adenomyosis who developed multiple cerebral infarcts during menstruation. Edoxaban was initially used for prevention but failed to prevent recurrence of thrombosis. However, hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy resulted in the successful prevention of recurrence of cerebral infarct for five years without antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents. In our patient, the surgical removal of adenomyosis was highly effective for preventing thrombosis in a patient with adenomyosis.     

多种肿瘤标志物在胰腺癌临床分期中的应用

目的探讨多种肿瘤标志物检测对胰腺癌的临床分期及术前评估的应用。方法45例胰腺癌,其中Ⅰ-Ⅱ期16例、Ⅲ期11例、Ⅳ期18例,检测其术前CA199、CA125、CEA等肿瘤指标,分析多种肿瘤标志物在胰腺癌临床分期及术前评估中的意义。结果不同分期胰腺癌之间CA199水平差异无显著性（P=0．381）,CA125、CEA的水平随着分期的递增而升高,但统计分析显示只有CA125组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。按照是否可切除分为两组,CA199水平在两组间差异无统计学意义（Z=1．045,P=0．296）,而CA125、CEA水平在两组间存在显著性差异（P=0．000、0．045）。多因素分析结果显示,胰腺癌的不同分期与有无黄疸、胆道疾病史、性别、体重减轻等之间存在显著统计学差异（P〈0．05）,而与术前胆红素水平、血糖、糖尿病史、年龄等之间无统计学差异。结论CA125和CEA可辅助用于胰腺癌患者临床分期及术前评估,具有无创性、病人依从性好等优点,具有较好的临床潜在应用价值。     

A Rare Case of Pulmonary Tumor Thrombotic Microangiopathy Associated with Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: An Autopsy Case

A 70-year-old woman was hospitalized with dyspnea. A transthoracic echocardiogram indicated an elevated systolic pulmonary artery pressure, and the cytology specimens obtained using a pulmonary artery catheter confirmed adenocarcinoma metastasis. Diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) detected high-signal-intensity lesions in the urinary bladder. The patient died of respiratory failure and a postmortem examination was performed. Tumor cells in the bladder were immunohistochemically positive for GATA3, indicating micropapillary urothelial carcinoma, which is a rare variant of urothelial carcinoma and considered an adenocarcinoma subtype. This case is the first autopsy case of pulmonary tumor thrombotic microangiopathy (PTTM) associated with micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.     

胰腺癌肿标志物单项和联合检测的价值

目的 评价血清肿瘤标志物单项检测和联合检测对胰腺癌诊断的意义。方法 对10例慢性胰腺炎和51例胰腺癌病人用放免法测定血清CA199,CA50,CA125和CEA含量,分析并比较单项检测和联合检测的意义。结果 4种肿瘤标志物单项检测以CA199对胰腺癌诊断意义最大,敏感性和特异性最好,分别达92．5％和81．81％,误检率18．18％,漏检率7．5％,阳性预测值94．87％,阴性预测值75％,研究还发现CA199特别是胰体癌诊断有较大意义;联合检测以CA199＋x(CA50,CA125,CEA任一阳性）意义较大,敏感性87．5％,特异性81．81％,误检率18．18％,漏检率12．5％,阳性预测值94．59％,阴性预测值64．28％;但诊断 价值不大于CA199单项检测（P＞0．05）。结论 CA199检测对胰腺癌诊断意义较大,特别是对早期胰体癌诊断有较大意义;联合检测并不能提高CA199的诊断价值,却增加医疗费用,意义不大。     

肿瘤标记物联合检测诊断肝癌的临床价值研究

目的 探讨肿瘤标记物联合检测诊断肝癌的临床价值.方法 采用化学发光免疫分析法检测60例肝癌患者及60例健康体检者的血清甲胎蛋白、癌胚抗原、CA125、CA153、CA199进行对照分析.结果 观察组甲胎蛋白、癌胚抗原、CA125、CA153、CA199水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 联合检测肿瘤标记物在肝癌的诊断中具有较高的临床价值,可增加其准确性.     

Clinical evaluation of combination assay of tumor markers in primary lung cancer patients

Recently, the measurement of tumor markers, particularly for combined measurement, have been reported to be useful for the early diagnosis of cancer. In this study, the authors measured the serum levels of SLX, CA19-9, CA153, CA125, NCC-ST-439, CEA, SCC, NSE, TPA and IAP in 155 patients with primary lung cancer before treatment (76 adenocarcinomas, 40 squamous cell carcinomas, 36 small cell cancers, 3 large cell cancers). Seventy three benign lung disease cases were also studied as controls. The serum levels of CA19-9, CA153, CA125, NCC-ST-439, CEA, NSE and TPA were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in benign lung disease patients. CA125 and CEA levels in adenocarcinoma, SCC levels in squamous cell carcinoma, NSE levels in small cell cancer and NCC-ST-439 in non-small cell cancer were significantly higher than those of other histological types of cancer. The level of each marker became higher, and was related with advance in stage. The probability of lung cancer was 90% when three markers were positive except for IAP, which was frequently false positive in benign lung disease. In conclusion, the simultaneous, combined measurement of at least three markers, including CEA and/or TPA was considered to be useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer.     

Sister Mary Joseph nodule as cutaneous manifestations of metastatic ovarian cancer: A case report and review of the literature

Rationale:The Sister Mary Joseph''s nodule is an umbilical nodule resulting from the metastasis of malignant tumors in the pelvic and/or abdominal cavity. Sister Mary Joseph''s nodules are very rare, and the morphology of the skin lesions is not specific and is easily misdiagnosed. Here, we report a case of cutaneous manifestations of metastatic ovarian cancer.Patient concerns:The patient was admitted to our hospital because of abdominal distention, and a nodule was found in the umbilicus. A computerized tomography scan of the entire abdomen showed nodular soft tissue in the subcutaneous fat space of the umbilical area and multiple pelvic masses, which were suspected metastases of peritoneal and omentum ovarian cancer.Interventions:To confirm the pathological diagnosis, posterior fornix puncture was performed. Pathological biopsy showed adenocarcinoma. Histological examination revealed a mass arising from high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary. The patient received 2 cycles of chemotherapy with paclitaxel liposomes and carboplatin and underwent interval debulking surgery. Postoperative pathology was consistent with high-grade serous carcinoma of the ovary. Cancer involvement was observed in umbilical lesions. After the operation, the patient was given 6 cycles of chemotherapy with paclitaxel liposomes and carboplatin.Outcomes:The patient underwent follow-up until October 2020. A computerized tomography scan of the entire abdomen showed that the lymph nodes in the abdominal cavity were larger than before, suggesting a platinum-sensitive relapse. After receiving the same regimen of chemotherapy, carbohydrate antigen 125 dropped to the normal range, and consolidated treatment was administered for 3 cycles. Owing to her BRCA1 mutations, olaparib was administered for maintenance treatment. Until now, she had been in the outpatient clinic for regular follow-up visits.Lessons:The umbilicus remains an infrequently examined area, which cannot be underestimated and warrants careful clinical follow-up and histological evaluation, as appropriate.     

Micropapillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder: report of one case and review of the literature

In 1994 Amin et al. described an uncommon variant of urothelial carcinoma: the micropapillary carcinoma (MPC) .The MPC of the urinary bladder is rare, but has an aggressive clinical course. The optimal treatment strategy for this tumor appears to be early radical cystectomy. We report a case of MPC of the urinary bladder and review the literature.     

血清SCC-Ag、NSE、CA125联合检测对肺癌的诊断价值

目的探讨血清肿瘤标志物SCC—Ag、NSE和CA125在肺癌诊断中的临床价值。方法分别测定82例肺癌患者、38例肺良性疾病患者、30例健康人血清中的SCC—Ag、NSE和CA125水平。结果肺癌患者组的三种肿瘤标志物水平均高于肺良性疾病患者组和正常对照组（P〈0．05）。其中血清中SCC—Ag、NSE、CA125的敏感性分别为64．6％、43．9％、40．2％,三者联合检测的敏感性为86．6％。SCC—Ag在鳞癌的敏感性最高为75．0％;NSE在小细胞未分化癌敏感性最高为78．6％;CA125在腺癌的敏感性为76．9％。结论血清SCC．AG、NSE和CA125检测有助于临床对肺癌的诊断,并对组织分型有较高的参考价值。     

Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9‐producing early protruded gastric carcinoma prolapsing into the duodenal bulb

The patient was an 81‐year‐old man who was admitted to the Arita Gastrointestinal Hospital for anemia. Upper gastrointestinal series and endoscopic examinations revealed transpyloric prolapse of a pedunculated polypoid gastric carcinoma with an abnormal mucosal fold from the posterior wall of the lesser curvature of the gastric antrum. Biopsy and histological examination led to a diagnosis of papillary adenocarcinoma. The incarcerated tumor could not be restored endoscopically into the stomach, the lesion head was ulcerated, and the serum carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 was elevated to 379.7 U/mL. Surgery was indicated. Intraoperatively, the tumor was found in the duodenal bulb; it was easily manipulated into the stomach, and distal gastrectomy was performed. The tumor, 5.0 × 4.2 × 2.5 cm, was diagnosed histologically as papillary adenocarcinoma of the stomach infiltrating into the submucosal layer. The carcinoma cells stained positively for CA19‐9 antibody. The postoperative course was uneventful, the anemia improved, and the serum CA19‐9 level decreased to within normal range. The patient remains alive 15 months after the surgery. This may be the first report of a patient with Type 0 I early gastric cancer characterized by both CA19‐9 production and transpyloric prolapse.     

A case of bronchial asthma as an immune-related adverse event of pembrolizumab treatment for bladder cancer: A case report

Rationale:Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab, which is an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), has improved survival in bladder cancer. We report a case of bladder cancer that had a high antitumor effect with anti-programmed cell death PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab, an ICI, but asthma occurred an immune-related adverse event (irAE).Patient concerns:A 70-year-old female patient was diagnosed as unresectable bladder cancer who was indicated for ICI treatment.Diagnosis:After ICI administration as a treatment for bladder cancer, the patient had a grade 3 asthma attack. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in CD4⁺ FOX3⁺ T cells was upregulated in the early phase before the development of asthma attacks. Moreover, T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3) was upregulated in all memory T cells among CD4⁺ T cells. However, no change in the expression of TIM-3 was observed in any CD8⁺ T-cell subtype. In contrast, the proportion of CD161^- T helper 17 cell (Th17) cells increased.Interventions:The patient was treated with betamethasone, montelukast, salbutamol nebulization, and a combination of salmeterol (50 μg) and fluticasone (500 μg) (SFC).Outcomes:The patient''s wheezing resolved, and her peak flow rate reached 100% of the predicted value; therefore, the patient continued treatment with SFC and montelukast and was discharged from the hospital.Conclusion:Increases in CTLA-4 and TIM-3 expression in CD4⁺ T cells (not CD8⁺), as well as an increase in Th17 cells, may reflect asthma-related inflammation activity. Immune-related adverse events during immune checkpoint inhibitor administration may be predictive markers of antitumor efficacy.     

多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测技术对肺癌的诊断价值分析

目的研究多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测技术对肺部恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法同期住院患者分为三组：肺癌组（78例）、肺部良性病变组（118例）、对照组（68例），用多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测系统测定血清中12种肿瘤标志物的水平。结果癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖原125（CAl25）、铁蛋白（Fer）和糖原242（CA242）的血清水平肺癌组明显高于肺部良性病变组和对照组。CEA、CAl25、Fer和CA242检测诊断肺癌的灵敏度分别为41．O％、35．9％、26．9％、17．9％，特异度分别为89．8％、86．0％、86．6％、95．7％。12种肿瘤标志物中单项检测阳性诊断肺癌的敏感度和特异度分别为57．7％和72．0％，二项阳性为32．1％和88．7％，三项阳性为24．4％和96．8％，四项阳性为15．4％和98．9％。结论多肿瘤标志物蛋白芯片检测方法对肺癌诊断的阳性率较高，当三项以上同时阳性时虽然敏感度下降，但特异度可高达96．8％，对于初步判断病灶的恶性性质有一定的帮助。     

Quantifying the expression of tumor marker genes in lung squamous cell cancer with RNA sequencing

Background

We measured the expression of some commonly used tumor markers with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify any that might be useful for the evaluation of squamous cell lung cancer and identify possible correlations between these tumor markers and any clinical characteristics.

Methods

RNA-Seq was performed on five pairs of squamous-cell lung cancer and normal tissues and another 39 squamous-cell lung cancer tissues obtained by our department between September and December, 2012. The expression of 13 commonly used tumor markers was determined.

Results

All of the patients in our study were male. The expressions of CA125, CYFRA21-1, NSE and SCC increased in tumor samples and there were statistically significant differences between squamous cell lung cancer and normal tissues (P=0.008, P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.001). The expression of β2M and CA15-3 was reduced in squamous cell carcinoma relative to normal tissues and there was no significant difference in the expression of other tumor markers, including AFP, AFU, CT, FER and HE4.

Conclusions

CA125, CYFRA21-1, NSE and SCC may be appropriate tumor markers for squamous cell lung cancer.     

肺癌患者异常糖链糖蛋白与传统肿瘤标志物的相关性分析

目的通过回顾性分析肺癌患者异常糖链糖蛋白(TAP)水平以及传统肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原(CEA)、鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)和细胞角蛋白19片段(CYFRA21-1)水平,探讨肺癌患者TAP与传统肿瘤标志物之间的相互关系。 方法分别采用凝聚素亲和法及电化学发光免疫分析法检测我院呼吸内科经治的181例肺癌患者TAP和5种血清学肿瘤标志物的水平,对所得TAP与5种血清学肿瘤标志物的数据进行spearman相关性检验分析。 结果肺癌患者TAP与CEA呈正相关(P＝0.016),而与SCC、CA125、NSE及CYFRA21-1之间没有相关性(P值均>0.05);亚组分析,腺癌、鳞癌患者的TAP与CEA均呈正相关(P值分别为0.021,0.044),腺癌、鳞癌、小细胞癌及未分类癌患者的TAP与CA125均呈正相关(P值分别0.046,0.007,0.001,0.006),而这四类癌的TAP与SCC、NSE和CYFRA21-1之间没有明显相关性(P值均>0.05)。 结论肺癌患者TAP值是CEA、CA125等多种肿瘤异常蛋白水平的综合体现,尤其在肺腺癌患者中与传统肿瘤标志物具有较好的正相关性。     

Effect of psychosocial trauma and stress on sexual dysfunction in women with endometriosis

Background:Endometrial tissue plays an important role in the regulation of female fertility and there is evidence that endometrial pathology (including endometriosis) is closely related to endocrine disorders. On the other hand, various neuroendocrine changes can be significantly affected by psychosocial stress. In connection with these findings, we tested the relationship between neuroendocrine changes, sexual dysfunction, psychosocial/traumatic stress, and dissociative symptoms in women with endometriosis.Methods:A total of 65 patients with endometriosis were included in the study. Clinical examinations were focused on the biochemical analysis of neuroendocrine markers of endometriosis (cancer antigen 125 [CA 125] and cancer antigen 19-9 [CA 19-9]), estradiol, psychometric evaluation of sexual dysfunction, psychosocial/traumatic stress, and dissociative symptoms.Results:The results showed significant Spearman correlations between the values of the revised range of sexual difficulties for sexual dysfunction (Revised Female Sexual Distress Scale), psychosocial/traumatic stress (Trauma Symptoms Checklist) (R = 0.31), and dissociative symptoms (Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire) (R = 0.33). Positive correlations were also found between CA 125 and CA 19-9 (R = 0.63), and between CA 125 and the results of the values of the revised scale of sexual difficulties for sexual dysfunction (Revised Female Sexual Distress Scale) (R = 0.29). Also psychosocial/traumatic stress (Trauma Symptoms Checklist) significantly correlated with CA 125 (R = 0.38) and with CA 19-9 (R = 0.33).Conclusion:These results represent the first findings regarding the relationship of the neuroendocrine markers CA 125 and CA 19-9 and sexual dysfunction with trauma/stress-related symptoms and dissociative symptoms in women with endometriosis.     

Proliferative pattern of urothelial bladder cancer and urothelial atypias

Summary For early diagnosis of urinary bladder tumors, autoradiographic, cytological, and impulse cytophotometric examinations were performed on fresh bladder tissue with carcinomas of different grades of malignancy and various depths of infiltration, and also on tissues with concomitant urothelial atypias. Cell kinetic examinations of urothelial atypias of mild, moderate, and severe grade revealed labeling indices comparable to those of urothelial carcinomas grade I, II, and III, respectively. The labeling indices of the carcinomas increased with both the grades of malignancy and the depth of invasion up to factor 5. Cytophotometrically mild atypias showed euploidy, while moderate to severe atypias revealed aneuploidy. By means of cytologic, cytophotometric, and cell kinetic analyses, two subgroups of G I urothelial carcinomas were distinguished. Subgroup I a corresponded to highly differentiated papillary urothelial carcinomas with low labeling indices, pap I-III differentiation, and euploidy. Subgroup I b, on the other hand, revealed pap differentiations of IV-V, aneuploidy, and higher labeling indices. This subgroup seems to be more prone to recurrences and apparently indicates higher grades of malignancy and depths of infiltration. The data presented provide evidence that a combination of these methods is helpful for early recognition of precursors of bladder cancer atypias as well as for exact evaluation of the biological potential of carcinomas.     

Alpha-fetoprotein,carcinoembryonic antigen,and carbohydrate antigen 19-9-producing gallbladder cancer

We report a rare case of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9-producing gallbladder cancer with high levels of CA125 and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA II). A 63-year-old man was diagnosed with gallbladder cancer with metastases to the liver, based on ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen showing multiple tumorous lesions in the liver and a thickened gallbladder wall. Laboratory data showed high levels of tumor markers: 4647.4 ng/ml AFP, 9987.1 ng/ml CEA, 11704.0 U/ml CA19-9, 847.6 U/ml CA125, and 0.2 AU/ml PIVKA II. AFP in the present case showed an increase in Concanavalin A-nonbinding fraction and an increase inLens culinaris lectin-binding fraction by affinity column chromatography. The patient died of hepatic failure. Autopsy revealed gallbladder cancer consisting of papillary adenocarcinoma and moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. By immunohistochemical staining, AFP was detected in the papillary adenocarcinoma portion of the primary focus and metastatic tumor cells in the liver, but was not detected in noncancerous liver tissue. CEA and CA19-9 were detected mainly in the tubular adenocarcinoma portion.     

Small Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Rare Tumor With Propensity for Hepatic Involvement

Small cell (neuroendocrine) carcinoma of the bladder is a rare entity, accounting for less than 1% of all bladder tumors. The authors report 2 new cases of the disease, both presenting with liver metastasis. In the first case, small cell carcinoma occurred in an 85-year-old woman as tumor recurrence of previous micropapillary carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma in situ, illustrating the common coexistence with conventional urothelial carcinoma. In the second case of a 58-year-old man, non–small cell tumor components were not observed. Accurate diagnosis of small cell carcinoma may be challenging. A panel of different antibodies, including neuron-specific enolase, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and CD56 (neural cell adhesion molecule) is recommended. In conclusion, small cell carcinoma represents a rare and aggressive form of bladder malignancy. As illustrated by the 2 cases and according to the literature review, the tumor shows a so far underrecognized propensity for hepatic involvement.