贵阳城区儿童少年行为问题与家庭背景研究

目的 :为了解贵阳城区儿童少年行为问题的现状 ,探讨行为问题儿童与家庭因素的关系。方法 :采用Achnbach’s儿童行为量表及“儿童行为问题相关因素问卷”对贵阳城区 136 5名 6～ 16岁儿童少年进行调查 ,并对调查结果进行了现状分析及相关因素的单元和多元比较。结果 :检出有行为问题的儿童少年 2 0 7名 ,检出率 15 16 % ,显著高于全国调查结果 (p <0 0 5 )。中学组检出率高于小学组 ,与其他城市及全国相比差异有显著性 (p<0 0 5 )。性别差异不显著。检出率高的因子是忧郁、社会退缩、多动、攻击等。影响儿童少年行为问题的家庭因素依次是 :家长对孩子心理健康的重视程度、母亲文化、家庭经济收入、家长对子女心理健康的认识、父母的婚姻状况等。结论 :贵阳城区儿童少年行为问题检出率高于全国水平 ,大年龄组尤为突出。家庭环境是影响儿童少年行为发展的重要因素     

上海市外来初中生与本地生学校适应、家庭功能及自尊水平的比较研究

目的:比较外来中学生与上海本地学生自尊、家庭功能以及学校适应的状况,并探讨家庭功能、学校适应及社会经济因素对自尊的影响。方法:采用问卷法共收集浦东612名初中生自尊、家庭功能、学校适应及一般社会人口学的数据。结果:①外来中学生多为农村户籍,且住房状况、家庭收入、父母文化水平显著低于本地学生(P<0.001)。②外来中学生自尊、学业适应、同伴关系、家庭亲密与适应得分均显著低于本地学生。③社会经济因素、学校适应、家庭亲密对初中生自尊水平有显著的影响。结论:外来中学生自尊水平显著低于本地学生;同伴关系、家庭经济水平特别影响外来中学生的自尊水平。     

儿童社会能力及其相关因素研究

目的 探讨影响儿童社会能力的有关因素。方法 采用Achenbach’s儿童行为量表（家长用）和自制的儿童家庭环境问卷调查城乡945名儿童，对其社会能力及相关因素进行了t检验和多元逐步回归分析。结果 城市儿童社会能力强于农村儿童。影响儿童社会能力的因素包括参加兴趣性、母亲文化程度、父母关系、课外和其他小朋友玩、家庭经济状况、居住环境污染和社会风气等。结论 要提高儿童的社会能力，必须从社会、学校、家庭多方面进行协调、干预或改善上述各项影响因素。     

家庭经济水平对中小学生焦虑的影响

目的 探讨家庭经济水平与中小学生特质焦虑的关系。方法 采用儿童显性焦虑量表对12个年级1440名不同经济水平的中小学生进行调查分析。结果 家庭经济水平较低的学生与中等的学生，他们之间的焦虑无明显差异；但家庭经济水平越高，儿童报告的焦虑越低。结论 本结果为进一步研究中小学生焦虑提供了基础。     

曲阜市农村儿童行为问题及危险因素研究

应用Ｒｕｔｔｅｒ儿童行为量表对曲阜市农村１２１６名儿童进行了调查。结果显示儿童行为问题检出率为１１．６８％，男女检出率之比为１．４６∶１；行为问题随年龄增长呈增加趋势。经与３２项有关因素Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析表明：农村儿童行为问题主要危险因素依次为新生儿疾病、母妊娠期有害因素、男童、学习成绩差、家庭经济条件差及父亲受教育程度低。     

儿童行为问题、学业成绩与家庭环境的相关模型研究

目的：探讨儿童学业成就、各类行为问题与家庭因素之间的内在及其意义。方法：采用定式问卷、家庭环境量表（ＦＥＳ）、儿童行为量表（ＣＢＣＬ）,对１８０名儿童（男１２０,女６０）的学业成绩、家庭背景因素（父母文化程度）、家庭环境因素与各类行为问题进行调查评定,并对进行相关分析。提取相关系数ｒ≥０．３０（Ｐ〉０．０１）的相关变量构成相关关系模型。结果：（１）父母文化程度与ＦＥＳ家庭环境某些项目评分有密切相关     

Study on the level of self-concept and its influential factors of school-age children in Gansu Province

[目的]了解甘肃省学龄期儿童自我意识的发展水平及其影响因素,为针对性地开展学龄儿童心理发展指导与教育提供参考依据. [方法]分层随机整群抽取甘肃省6市县5 435名在校中小学生,采用儿童自我意识量表(Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale,PHCSS)进行调查分析与评价. [结果] 甘肃省学龄期儿童自我意识总体水平显著低于全国城市常模(P＜0.01)；女生行为、智力与学校情况、合群、幸福与满足因子及总分显著高于男生(P＜0.01)；城市儿童自我意识各因子及总分均高于农村儿童(P＜0.01)；多因素分析表明,学龄儿童自我意识的主要影响因素有父母文化程度、母亲职业、学习成绩、师生关系、同学关系. [结论]儿童自我意识的发展与经济、社会发展水平有关,家庭与学校环境是其重要的影响因素.学龄期儿童的自我意识培养是儿童成长过程中的一项重要发展任务.     

家庭因素对幼儿行为的影响

本调查向长沙市五所幼儿园中、大班4-5岁儿童家长发调查表444份,收回有效调查表299份。按 Achenbach 儿童行为量表所定界值,检出儿童行为外向者27例,行为内向者32例。家庭环境问卷评分结果是、儿童行为外向者,其家庭冲突、家庭规矩评分显著高于对照组,而独立自主,成熟倾向却显著低于对照组。儿童行为内向者,未见与家庭环境因素明显关系。     

长沙市小学生冲动行为评估与影响因素探讨

目的:探讨儿童冲动行为评估与影响因素.方法:在长沙市随机抽取6～12岁儿童1736名,由家长完成对受试儿童的Barratt冲动量表和家庭情况问卷调查.结果:儿童的冲动性以男性组较高(P<0.01).BIS总分及运动因子、缺少计划因子得分随着年龄增长而呈下降趋势(P<0.01).孕期病症组及早产组的儿童冲动性较高(P<0.05).母亲高学历组、母亲从事技术、干部、教师或医师等职业组的儿童冲动性较低(P<0.01);家庭经济收入处于中上等水平组冲动性较低(P<0.01);父母离异组,父母情绪躁狂、焦虑或抑郁组,教育态度不一致组,不采取说服教育组儿童的冲动性均有明显增高(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:儿童冲动行为与围生期因素及家庭养育环境相关.     

家庭结构与大学生心理健康水平的关系研究

家庭是个体生存于社会的最基本生活环境。家庭结构是家庭中成员的构成及其相互作用、相互影响的状态,以及由于家庭成员的不同配合和组织的关系而形成的联系模式[1],包括家庭的人口数、夫妇对数和代数等。根据家庭结构类型不同分为3类:传统家庭指三代以上同住的家庭。核心家庭指只有父母与子女同住的家庭。特殊家庭指父母离异或一方死亡或寄养的家庭。以往有关适应行为的家庭和社会环境因素的调查研究表明,家庭结构、家庭居住环境等因素与儿童适应能力有明显关系[2]。不良的甚至病态的家庭结构易导致家庭成员出现情绪及行为上的障碍[3]。     

Religious affiliation in twins and their parents: Testing a model of cultural inheritance

The transmission of religious affiliation is analyzed in a sample of 3810 Australian twin pairs and their parents. Twins were classified by sex, zygosity, and whether they were living together or apart. Analysis of twin, spousal, and parent-offspring resemblance shows that several different forms of cultural inheritance operate jointly in the transmission of religious affiliation. Model-fitting methods show that (1) the environmental influence of mothers is significantly greater than fathers; (2) there is a substantial amount of assortative mating for religious affiliation; (3) there is a substantial environmental component shared by twins which does not depend on parental religious affiliation; (4) religious affiliation attributed to parents by their children is biased by the religious affiliation of the children; (5) nongenetic effects on the expression of religious affiliation are much greater in twins living together; and (6) a moderate genetic effect on religious affiliation is expressed in females but only when twins live apart. Implications of the method and findings are discussed for other aspects of family resemblance, including the analysis of social and occupational mobility.     

Neighborhood Economic Deprivation and Social Fragmentation: Associations With Children’s Sleep

Background & Objective: A growing body of work indicates that experiences of neighborhood disadvantage place children at risk for poor sleep. This study aimed to examine how both neighborhood economic deprivation (a measure of poverty) and social fragmentation (an index of instability) are associated with objective measures of the length and quality of children’s sleep. Participants: Participants were 210 children (54.3% boys) living predominantly in small towns and semirural communities in Alabama. On average children were 11.3 years old (SD = .63); 66.7% of the children were European American and 33.3% were African American. The sample was socioeconomically diverse with 67.9% of the participants living at or below the poverty line and 32.1% from lower-middle-class or middle-class families. Methods: Indicators of neighborhood characteristics were derived from the 2012 American Community Survey and composited to create two variables representing neighborhood economic deprivation and social fragmentation. Child sleep period, actual sleep minutes, and efficiency were examined using actigraphy. Results: Higher levels of neighborhood economic deprivation were associated with fewer sleep minutes and poorer sleep efficiency. More neighborhood social fragmentation was also linked with poorer sleep efficiency. Analyses controlled for demographic characteristics, child health, and family socioeconomic status. Conclusions: Findings indicate that living in economically and socially disadvantaged neighborhoods predicts risk for shorter and lower-quality sleep in children. Examination of community context in addition to family and individual characteristics may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors shaping child sleep.     

精神分裂症儿童适应及影响因素的分析

现代社会文明及医学模式转变的客观需求 ,不仅仅是对患儿精神症状的治疗 ,更要注重其社会功能的整体康复。儿童精神分裂症由于诸多因素影响 ,预后不良 ,严重阻碍了儿童社会适应能力的发展 ,造成很大的家庭及社会负担。本研究用儿童适应行为量表[1] 对患儿进行检测 ,考查影响其适应能力的因素 ,探讨改善精神分裂症儿童适应行为发展的措施。1　对象和方法1.1　对象收集 1997年～ 1999年首次来我院精神科就诊 ,符合ＣＣＭＤ - 2 -Ｒ诊断标准[2 ] 的精神分裂症儿童 ,其中农村 16名 ,城市 2 2名 ;男 2 3名 ,女 15名 ;6～ 9岁 11名 ,10～ 12岁 2 7…     

昆明市儿童家庭动力学特征调查

目的 了解昆明市学校儿童家庭动力学特征.方法 采用家庭动力学自评量表和自编一般情况调查问卷对昆明市盘龙区城市、农村、城郊结合部3所学校四年级、五年级学生共928名进行现场集体调查,对家庭动力学特征及相关因素进行分析.结果 928名学生中,男孩475人(51.296),女孩453人(48.8%).儿童的性别对家庭气氛、系统逻辑、痰病观念维度的影响有显著差异(P＜0.05);家庭的生活环境对个性化、系统逻辑维度的影响有显著差异(P＜0.05);家庭结构(是否独生子女)对家庭动力学影响较小.结论 儿童的性别、家庭的生活环境对家庭动力学影响较为明显,而家庭结构(是否独生子女)对家庭动力学影响较小.     

Impact of the 1996 welfare reform on child and family well‐being

This article examined the impact of the 1996 Welfare Reform, based on data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Using a sample of 1,681 single mothers living in poverty, this study compared the effects of economic well‐being and home environment scores on their children during pre‐ and post‐Welfare Reform years. Following the 1996 Welfare Reform, fewer mothers received cash payments, and those who did received lower payments, while more mothers worked at low‐paying jobs. Negative impacts were more pronounced for less educated mothers. The effects of family income and home environment scores on children were different before and after the 1996 Welfare Reform. Maternal education moderated these associations. Instead of enforcing the current “work first” mandate, this research supports giving priority to maternal education to enhance child and family well‐being in low‐income families. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

福利院与普通家庭儿童学校社会行为的对比研究

目的：了解福利院儿童的学校社会行为特点，为干预提供依据。方法：选取在同一学校学习的福利院儿童31名，普通家庭儿童31名；使用美国衣阿华州立大学的Kenneth W.Merrell,Ph.D编制的《学校社会行为量表》，对实验对象的学校适应行为进行评定。结果：福利院儿童的社会能力呈现出明显低于普通家庭儿童的趋势，福利院儿童的反社会行为水平显著高于普通家庭儿童。智商，性别是影响社会能力的主要因素，而成长，年级，性别是影响反社会行为的主要因素。     

学龄前期儿童适应行为发展状况分析

目的：了解学龄前期儿童适应行为的发展状况。方法：采用湖南医科大学姚树桥、龚耀先编制的《儿童适应行为评定量表》对长春市200名学龄前期儿童进行测评。结果：1、Ⅱ类儿园学龄前期儿童的适应商ADQ比较有显著性差异,其中认知因子有极显著性差异;不同年龄组间的ADQ有极显著性差异,独立因子发展滞后于认知因子和社会/自制因子。结论：学龄前期儿童的适应行为随年龄增长会有提高,但优良的教育条件更能促进其适应行为的发展;学龄前期儿童适应行为的3个因子发展不均衡。     

Parents' adaptation to early diagnosis of sex chromosome anomalies

In 56 structured psychiatric interviews parents were asked to describe their experience as participants in the Denver prospective study of children with sex chromosome anomalies in order to assess its impact on attitudes toward the identified child and on family relationships. It was found that most achieved satisfactory understanding of the diagnosis with minimal disturbance, preferred early disclosure, denied its influence on parent-child and parent-parent relationships, and were reasonably comfortable in sharing diagnostic information with the child. Environmental and cultural factors did not correlate with the responses obtained. Emphasis directed toward obstacles in the adaptive process permitted evaluation of reported parental anxieties arising from faulty or delayed communication of the diagnosis, a child's adjustment to problems of growth and development, and, for parents of children with 45,X and 47,XXY chromosome constitutions, anxiety regarding anticipated difficulty in sexual maturation and fertility. The assessment interviews afforded additional opportunity for clinical discussion and counseling with parents on issues of concern to them.     

Boomerang families and failure-to-launch: Commentary on adult children living at home

With a shifting economic climate and changes in social norms, young adults are increasingly reported to be living with their parents, either through delayed launch or by launch and return. For young adults grappling with financial and domestic independence, the family home can represent a safe haven; however, living with parents can also pose a threat to autonomy and self-image as they strive for adult status. Parents, on the other hand, are often beleaguered by the economic and emotional demands of their dependent adult children and struggle to maintain their own independence. The roles and expectations of both parties need to be redefined in order to achieve optimal household functioning.     

家庭背景与幼儿感觉统合能力的关系

感觉统合失调的发生可能与都市化生活和家庭环境有关 ,王文瑞等曾对内蒙古地区学龄儿童感觉统合失调与学习成绩、家庭环境因素的关系进行了初步探讨 ,结果表明父母学历越高 ,儿童感觉统合失调率越低[1] 。任桂英等对北京市城区 1994名学龄儿童感觉统合失调状况的调查报告指出 :和睦家庭中儿童的感觉统合失调率较低 ,有暴力行为家庭的儿童感觉统合失调率较高 ;父母期待高的儿童感觉统合失调率低 ,反之则高[2 - 3] 。对于感觉统合失调与家庭成长环境关系的深入分析不多 ,幼儿感觉统合失调的原因分析少。因此 ,本研究关注的问题就是在前人研究…