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1.
目的 测定依托咪酯乳剂诱导时雷米芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的效应室靶浓度(EC50和EC95).方法 选择23例ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级全麻择期手术患者靶控输注(TCI)雷米芬太尼,血浆浓度与效应室浓度达到平衡后静脉注射依托咪酯乳剂0.3 mg/kg,患者意识消失后静脉注射琥珀胆碱行气管插管.气管插管后2 min内最高的SBP和/或HR高出基础值15%为气管插管反应阳性.雷米芬太尼靶浓度按改良序贯法增加或减少0.5 ng/ml.用概率单位回归分析法计算出雷米芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的EC50、EC95及相应的95%可信区间(CI).结果 雷米芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的EC50为3.06 ng/ml,95%CI为2.56~3.47 ng/ml;相应的EC95为3.85 ng/ml,95%CI为3.45~6.64ng/ml.结论 复合依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg诱导时雷米芬太尼抑制气管插管反应的EC50和EC95分别为3.06 ng/ml和3.85 ng/ml.  相似文献   

2.
目的研究靶控输注丙泊酚镇静时不同年龄患者的丙泊酚血药浓度与脑电双频指数(BIS)值的相关性。方法60例上腹部手术患者随机分为青壮年组(28~45岁,n=30)和老年组(65~80岁,n=30)。全麻诱导设定丙泊酚血浆靶控浓度3mg/L、雷米芬太尼7μg/L。意识消失后给予维库溴铵0.1mg/kg气管插管后行机械通气。术中雷米芬太尼靶控浓度维持不变,气管插后丙泊酚的靶控浓度降至2.5mg/L,术中调节丙泊酚的量使BIS值维持在45~55,并在调节后5min测定丙泊酚血药浓度。结果两组患者一般情况差异无统计学意义。青壮年组实测丙泊酚血药浓度与BIS值无相关性,老年组呈高度负相关(r=-0.64816)。结论青壮年组丙泊酚实测血药浓度与BIS值无相关性,而老年组有明显的负相关,说明在老年患者实测血药浓度可以评估镇静深度。  相似文献   

3.
雷米芬太尼预处理减少依托咪酯所致肌阵挛   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的 观察1/μg/kg雷米芬太尼预处理对依托咪酯全麻诱导时肌阵挛的影响.方法 80例择期全麻手术患者,男女各40例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,年龄18~60岁,体重指数(BMI)20~30.随机均分为两组:诱导时静注1μg/kg雷米芬太尼(雷米芬太尼组)或同等剂量的生理盐水(对照组)后静注0.3 mg/kg依托咪酯.观察有无肌阵挛发生,并记录肌阵挛程度.完成记录后,对照组静注4μg/kg芬太尼,1min后两组均静注0.6mg/kg罗库溴铵后气管插管.结果 雷米芬太尼组的40例患者中,仅1例(2.5%)出现中等程度的肌阵挛,明显低于对照组的31例(77.5%)(P<0.01).结论 1μg/kg雷米芬太尼预处理可减少依托咪酯全麻诱导所致的肌阵挛.  相似文献   

4.
雷米芬太尼呼吸抑制的半数有效血浆浓度的临床研究   总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7  
目的测定靶控输注雷米芬太尼引起呼吸抑制的半数有效血浆浓度(Cp50)。方法20例择期手术病人行椎管内阻滞。按序贯法给予雷米芬太尼靶控输注20min,相邻血浆靶浓度之间比率为1·5。测定RR、SpO2、PETCO2及动脉血气。结果雷米芬太尼引起呼吸抑制的Cp50为1·8μg/L,95%可信区间为1·5~2·1μg/L。结论雷米芬太尼引起呼吸抑制的Cp50为1·8μg/L。  相似文献   

5.
目的分析靶控输注(TCI)依托咪酯血浆靶浓度(Cp)0.5μg/ml与实测血浆浓度(Cm)的差异,并评价内嵌Arden药代动力学参数的思路高TCI-Ⅲ型输注系统的性能。方法择期全麻下行颈椎前路或腰椎侧路减压植骨内固定术患者12例,男7例,女5例,年龄19~59岁,BMI 18~29 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。麻醉诱导前将0.5μg/kg右美托咪定10 min恒速泵注完毕,诱导时先以舒芬太尼0.3μg/kg缓慢地静脉注射,设定依托咪酯血浆靶浓度为0.5μg/ml持续泵注,待意识消失后,静脉注入顺式阿曲库铵0.3 mg/kg,行气管插管。麻醉维持期间依托咪酯血浆靶浓度维持0.5μg/ml恒定不变,同时辅以瑞芬太尼、右美托咪定静脉泵注,维持患者BIS 40~60。于依托咪酯TCI前即刻、TCI后1、3、5、10、20、30、60、90、120 min采集桡动脉血样,采用前期试验已验证的超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)法测定血浆依托咪酯浓度。分析计算TCI依托咪酯的系统性能评价指标,包括精确度、偏离度、摆动度和分散度。结果 TCI后1、3、10 min时,依托咪酯Cm均明显低于Cp(P0.05),依托咪酯总体血样Cm为0.42μg/ml,明显低于Cp 16%(P0.05)。输注期间TCI系统的偏离度为-15.9%,精确度为21.9%,摆动度为22.0%,分散度为-0.72%/h。结论 TCI依托咪酯恒定靶血浆浓度(Cp)0.5μg/ml时,内嵌Arden药代动力学参数TCI系统的偏离度和摆动度稍大,但系统分散度小,能维持稳定的血浆浓度,精确度在临床可接受范围内。  相似文献   

6.
目的 测定咪达唑仑镇静下瑞芬太尼抑制气管内表面麻醉时呛咳反射的半数有效血浆浓度(CP50).方法 择期经鼻气管插管手术患者24例,静注咪达唑仑60μg/kg5 min后,靶控输注瑞芬太尼,达目标靶浓度后行环甲膜穿刺表麻及经鼻气管插管.观察有无呛咳反射及插管反应发生.瑞芬太尼血浆靶浓度按序贯法确定,相邻血浆靶浓度之间的比率为1.2.结果 瑞芬太尼抑制经环甲膜穿刺注药时气管呛咳反射的Cp50为1.8 μg/L,95%可信区间(CI)为1.5~2.2μg/L.结论 复合咪达唑仑60μg/kg镇静时,瑞芬太尼抑制气管内表面麻醉时呛咳反射的Cp50为1.8μ/L(95%CI 1.5~2.2μg/L).  相似文献   

7.
目的观察不同剂量雷米芬太尼诱导插管对血液动力学和血浆皮质醇浓度的影响。方法40例全麻病人随机均分为四组:芬太尼组(Ⅰ组,芬太尼2μg/kg)和不同剂量雷米芬太尼组(Ⅱ组0·5μg/kg,Ⅲ组1·0μg/kg,Ⅳ组1·25μg/kg)。诱导使用咪唑安定0·025mg/kg、芬太尼2μg/kg或雷米芬太尼0·5、1·0、1·25μg/kg、丙泊酚1·5mg/kg和罗库溴铵0·7mg/kg。分别于麻醉诱导前1min、诱导后1min及插管后3min内每隔1分钟记录SBP、DBP、HR,分别在诱导前5min、插管后4、6min测血浆皮质醇浓度。结果各组在诱导后SBP、DBP均明显下降,其中Ⅲ、Ⅳ组下降更明显。插管后,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组SBP、DBP明显上升,HR增快。Ⅲ、Ⅳ组SBP分别在插管后2、1min下降。各时点Ⅲ、Ⅳ组SBP、DBP、HR与Ⅰ组相比显著下降。Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血浆皮质醇浓度在插管后4min明显上升。结论雷米芬太尼1·0、1·25μg/kg虽可以有效抑制气管插管引起的心血管不良反应,但诱导期间低血压和呼吸抑制的发生率较高。  相似文献   

8.
依托咪酯是临床常用短效静脉麻醉药,起效快、安全界限大、ED50/LD50.比值为26.4、清醒迅速、对呼吸无明显抑制、无术中知晓是其突出优点[1].瑞芬太尼是超短效μ受体激动剂,可抑制气管插管反应[2].本试验拟研究不同剂量依托咪酯麻醉诱导时瑞芬太尼抑制病人气管插管反应的半数有效血浆靶浓度(Cp50),为临床提供参考.  相似文献   

9.
目的 观察不同剂量雷米芬太尼用于全麻诱导气管插管时的心血管反应,探讨其最佳的全麻诱导剂量.方法 将96例择期行腹部手术的患者随机均分为四组.全麻诱导均采用咪唑安定0.06 mg/kg、依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg、维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg;雷米芬太尼剂量分别为1μ9/kg(R1组)、2μg/kg(R2组)、3μ9/kg(R4组)和4μg/kg(R4组).记录诱导前(T0)、诱导后气管插管前(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)、气管插管后1min(T3)、2min(T4)、3min(T5)、5min(T6)和10min(T7)的SBP、DBP、HR的变化.结果 与T0比较,各组T1时SBP、DBP均明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),R1组T2、T3时SBP显著升高(P<0.05).与T0比较,各组患者T1时的HR均明显减慢(P<0.01),R1组患者T2、T3时HR显著增快(P<0.05或P<0.01).R2、R3组气管插管期间血压波动幅度均较R1、R4组小(P<0.05).结论 采用2~3μg/kg的雷米芬太尼麻醉诱导可有效抑制气管插管时的心血管反应.  相似文献   

10.
目的 探讨不同靶浓度的舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚靶控输注(targeted-controlled infusion,TCI)抑制气管插管反应的丙泊酚半数有效血浆浓度(the median effective plasma concentration,Cp50).方法 研究对象为94例择期全麻拟行气管插管手术患者,ASA Ⅰ~Ⅲ级,年龄在60岁~79岁.根据年龄段和舒芬太尼靶浓度的不同按随机数字表法分为4组,A组为60岁~69岁、0.2 μg/L;B组为60岁~69岁、0.3 μg/L;C组为70岁~79岁、0.2 μg/L;D组为70岁~79岁、0.3 μg/L.试验以效应室浓度TCI舒芬太尼,待舒芬太尼血浆浓度与效应室浓度平衡后,以血浆靶浓度TCI丙泊酚,意识消失后给予0.2 mg/kg的顺阿曲库铵,待丙泊酚的血浆浓度和效应室浓度平衡且静注顺阿曲库铵达3 min后行气管插管.丙泊酚的血浆靶浓度按序贯法确定.结果 A组患者有效抑制气管插管反应的丙泊酚的Cp50为3.60 mg/L,95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI)为3.44 mgl~3.76 mg/L;B组患者Cp50为2.03 mg/L,95%CI为1.88 mg/L~2.20 mg/L;C组患者Cp50为2.70 mg/L,95%CI为2.56 mg/L~2.84 mg/L;D组患者Cp50为1.97 mg/L,95%CI为1.81 mg/L~2.12 mg/L.结论 随着舒芬太尼的效应室靶浓度的增加以及年龄的增加,丙泊酚的Cp50明显降低.  相似文献   

11.
Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI2) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI2), TXB2 (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A2) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI2 release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB2 (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI2 release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A2, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.  相似文献   

13.
Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.  相似文献   

14.
Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg?1. The mean ED50s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg?1, 3.9 μg · kg?1 and 0.4 mg · kg?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg?1 and 8 μg · kg?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.  相似文献   

15.
Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg?1 · min?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min?1 · m?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO2I) and oxygen consumption index (VO2I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO2I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m2 · m2; VO2I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m2 · m2), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.  相似文献   

16.
A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.  相似文献   

17.
Background: The efficacy of intraoperative salvage and washing of wound blood and the predictors of allogeneic red cell transfusions in prosthetic hip surgery are insufficiently known.
Methods: In 96 patients, undergoing primary or revision surgery, salvaged and washed red cells and, if necessary, allogeneic blood were used to keep haematocrit not lower than 33%. The bleeding of red cells during hospital stay was calculated from the red cell balance. The preoperative red cell reserve (millilitres of red cells in excess of a haematocrit of 33%) was estimated and the difference between this volume and the total bleeding of red cells was retrospectively used to classify patients with regard to the need for red cells. Stepwise regression analysis was used to define patient-related variables associated with allogeneic blood transfusion.
Results: Preoperative knowledge of the type of operation (primary, revision), the preoperative red cell reserve, and the body mass could predict roughly half of the need for banked blood (r2=0.45). Only one-third of the total bleeding of red cells was retransfused. For complete avoidance of allogeneic blood, autotransfusion was most effective in patients with a moderate need (0–4 u). However, 32% of such patients required allogeneic blood.
Conclusions: Autotransfusion has a limited efficacy to decrease the need for allogeneic blood, and other blood-saving methods should be added for this purpose. It is difficult to predict the need for allogeneic blood preoperatively.  相似文献   

18.
目的    观察缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌外泌体的影响,探讨外泌体在缺氧致肾脏损伤中的作用及机制。 方法    (1)常氧(21% O2)及缺氧(1% O2)分别处理大鼠肾小管上皮细胞(NRK-52E)48 h,收集细胞上清液并使用高速梯度离心法分离外泌体。采用透射电镜、纳米示踪分析、Western印迹、蛋白浓度定量鉴定并比较两组外泌体的基本特性。(2)在共培养实验中,以不同浓度(1、10、50、100、300 mg/L)的常氧外泌体、缺氧外泌体分别干预脂多糖(LPS)诱导的大鼠原代腹腔巨噬细胞,使用实时荧光定量PCR与酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法分别检测巨噬细胞白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、诱导型氮氧化物合酶(iNOS)水平;使用Western印迹法检测巨噬细胞磷酸化(p)STAT/STAT及细胞因子信号传导抑制蛋白1(SOCS1)的蛋白表达;最后,使用实时荧光定量PCR法检测常氧外泌体与缺氧外泌体中炎性反应相关微RNA(microRNA,miR)的表达差异。 结果    (1)离心得到的囊泡具有外泌体典型的结构,粒径小于150 nm,表达外泌体标志蛋白CD63,说明分离得到外泌体。缺氧对肾小管上皮细胞分泌的外泌体形态、粒径分布比例无明显影响,但提高了外泌体的分泌量。(2)缺氧外泌体相比于常氧外泌体促进了LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞IL-6、TNF-α、iNOS 的表达和分泌(均P<0.01),同时提高STAT的磷酸化水平并减少SOCS1的蛋白表达(均P<0.01);对炎性反应相关microRNA检测发现缺氧外泌体中miR-155、miR-27a表达量较常氧外泌体明显升高(P<0.05)。 结论    缺氧可改变外泌体的生物学功能,表现为协同促进LPS诱导的M1型巨噬细胞的表型转化,这可能是慢性肾脏病微炎性反应状态持续的原因之一。  相似文献   

19.
Abstract While flexible-leaflet, central-flow prosthetic heart valves promise relief from anticoagulation therapy, they continue to be restricted by inadequate durability. In consequence, a novel trileaflet valve, made entirely from polyurethane, has been developed. A batch of 6 consecutively manufactured polyurethane valves was subjected to hydrodynamic function and accelerated fatigue testing. Computerized data acquisition and control systems have been introduced to improve valve testing methodologies. In terms of hydrodynamic function, the polyurethane valve demonstrates transvalvular pressure gradients similar to those for a bioprosthetic valve (Carpentier-Edwards) and levels of retrograde flow significantly less than those for either the bioprosthetic valve or a bileaflet mechanical valve (St Jude Medical). The equivalent of 10 years of cycling without failure has been exceeded by all 6 polyurethane valves in accelerated fatigue tests with 2 valves remaining intact after 674 million cycles (equivalent to approximately 17 years) in continuing tests. Highspeed photography revealed considerable differences in leaflet motion between valves cycled at accelerated and physiological rates.  相似文献   

20.
Background: Ventilation during interventional rigid bronchoscopy (IRB) under general anaesthesia (jet ventilation, positive pressure ventilation and spontaneous assisted ventilation) may offer some difficulties. This study compares the effectiveness during IRB of intermittent negative pressure ventilation (INPV) and spontaneous assisted ventilation (SAV). Methods: Thirty-eight patients submitted to IRB were randomised into two groups: SAV or INPV. All patients received a total intravenous anaesthesia; INPV patients were paralysed. Pre-and intra-operative arterial blood gases and O2 flow through a rigid bronchoscope were assessed. The endoscopist applying a subjective score evaluated the operating conditions. Results: Patients of the INPV group, as compared to the SAV group, required a lower dosage of fentanyl (2.6 ± 1.8 (μg · kg?1· h?1 vs. 6.6 ± 4.8 μg · kg?1· h?1), a lower O2 supply (3.3 ± 2.8 1/min vs. 11.6 ± 3.4 1/min), a shorter recovery time (5.4 ± 2.9 min vs. 9.8 ± 7.1 min) and no manually assisted ventilation (0 ± 0 vs. 1 ± 1.1 nd?/procedure). Intraoperative PaCO2 was higher in the SAV (8.1 ± 1.3 kPa) than in the INPV group (5.0 ± 1.6 kPa) and intraoperative pH differed in the two groups (7.26 ± 0.05, SAV vs. 7.47 ± 0.08, INPV). Operating conditions, as assessed by a subjective score, were considered better with INPV than with SAV (4.9 vs. 4.3). Conclusions: As compared to SAV, INPV in paralysed patients during IRB reduces administration of opioids, shortens recovery time, prevents respiratory acidosis, excludes the need for manually assisted ventilation, reduces 02 need and affords optimal surgical conditions. INPV appears a safe, non-invasive and effective ventilatory management during IRB.  相似文献   

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