碎裂QRS波对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者血管病变程度及MACE的评估

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者心电图上碎裂QRS波(fQRS)对患者血管病变程度及其预后的影响。方法连续入选2018年1月1日至2019年6月30日于徐州医科大学附属医院心内科住院并行冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查的STEMI患者194例,根据心电图是否有fQRS波分为fQRS(+)组62例和fQRS(-)组132例,通过SYNTAXⅡ评分(SSⅡ)比较两组患者血管病变程度,出院后进行电话随访,观察2组患者出院半年MACE的发生情况。结果 fQRS(+)组和fQRS(-)组患者在血液学检查无统计学差异,fQRS(+)组SS II明显高于fQRS(-)组(P0.001)。随访半年后,fQRS(+)组MACE发生率明显高于fQRS(-)组(38.7%vs.4.5%,P=0.001)。fQRS的出现是预测冠状动脉病变程度及预后的重要因素。结论目前STEMI患者死亡率高,多种因素导致其预后不佳,fQRS与SSⅡ、MACE密切相关,是SSⅡ、MACE的独立预测因子。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者入院早期中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值与院内主要不良心血管事件的相关性

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者入院早期中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与院内主要不良心血管事件(MACE)的相关性。方法:回顾分析2010-01至2014-12我院接受急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的STEMI患者420例,分为发生院内MACE组(n=47)和正常出院组(n=273)。应用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析评价NLR是否可以作为STEMI患者发生院内MACE的独立危险因素。结果:单因素Logistic回归分析提示:高NLR患者院内MACE发生率明显高于低NLR患者(比值比=3.19,95%可信区间:1.55~2.65,P=0.012)。多因素Logistic回归分析提示:高NLR是STEMI患者发生院内MACE的独立危险因素(比值比=3.05,95%可信区间:1.59~10.54,P=0.015)。结论:入院早期高NLR与STEMI患者发生院内MACE相关,是STEMI患者发生院内MACE的独立危险因素。     

绝经后女性单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与冠状动脉SYNTAX评分的关系

目的探讨绝经后女性单核细胞/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(MHR)与冠状动脉SYNTAX评分的相关性。方法入组接受冠状动脉造影术确诊为冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的绝经后女性180例,根据MHR(以第33和第66百分位点为截点)分为三组:低MHR组:MHR0.28(n=59);中MHR组:0.28≤MHR≤0.43(n=61);高MHR组:MHR0.43(n=60)。比较三组SYNTAX评分差异,采用Spearman相关性分析和多重线性回归分析MHR与SYNTAX评分的关系。结果高MHR组的SYNTAX评分(25±13)高于低MHR组(18±13)和中MHR组(19±12)(P=0.003)。高MHR组的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、血清C反应蛋白水平均高于低MHR组和中MHR组(P0.001)。Spearman相关分析表明MHR与SYNTAX评分相关(r=0.263,P0.001)。多因素线性回归分析结果提示SYNTAX评分受MHR的影响,冠状动脉病变严重程度与MHR密切相关(F=4.777,P=0.031)。结论绝经后女性冠心病患者MHR与冠状动脉SYNTAX评分呈正相关,可预测冠状动脉病变的严重程度。     

急性心肌梗死患者发生碎裂QRS波对长期预后的影响

目的探讨碎裂QRS波群(fQRS)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)预后的预测价值,以及其与冠状动脉(简称冠脉)病变的关系。方法对963例AMI患者入院24 h内的心电图进行分析,据是否出现fQRS波群分为fQRS组(n=342)及非fQRS组(n=621)。随访12个月,观察心血管事件发生率(心源性死亡;全因死亡;再发心绞痛;心血管事件再住院)。分析经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)组内及非PCI组内fQRS的出现与心血管事件的关系。对行PCI的患者,分析fQRS与冠脉病变的关系。Logistic回归分析fQRS与心血管事件间的关系。结果 fQRS组心血管事件发生率明显高于非fQRS组(P值均0.001)。未行PCI组fQRS患者,心血管事件发生率明显高于非fQRS的患者(P0.001);PCI组住院率高于非fQRS患者(P=0.006)。对720例PCI患者冠脉造影结果进行syntax积分评定,其结果显示,fQRS与患者的冠脉病变严重程度(P0.05)及病变范围(P0.05)均无统计学相关性。fQRS与心血管事件发生率正相关。结论 AMI患者出现fQRS其后发生心血管事件的发生率高。fQRS的出现与冠脉病变无统计学相关性。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死QRS波终末变形与冠状动脉病变程度的关系

目的探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI)患者心电图QRS波终末变形与冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法根据入院心电图将STEMI患者(n=80)分为QRS波终末变形阳性(3级缺血)组、QRS波终末变形阴性(2级缺血)组。两组均行冠状动脉介入治疗,以冠状动脉病变狭窄程度SYNTAX评分,分为高分组(≥22分)、低分组(22分)。结果 3级缺血组29例、2级缺血组51例,其中高分组27例、低分组53例。3级缺血组SYNTAX评分明显高于2级缺血组,差异有统计学意义[(20.2±8.3)分vs.(13.5±6.8)分,P0.001)]。高分组心电图3级缺血现象明显多于低分组,差异有统计学意义(50.4%vs.20.9%,P0.001)。多因素回归分析显示,3级缺血(P0.001)、年龄(P=0.017)、糖尿病(P=0.014)、前壁心肌梗死(P=0.012)是冠状动脉病变SYNTAX评分高的独立预测因素。结论 QRS波终末变形阳性可能与冠状动脉病变严重程度相关。3级缺血冠心病患者冠状动脉SYNTAX评分高可能有助于解释3级缺血与预后差的联系。对STEMI患者以心电图3级缺血来预测冠状动脉高SYNTAX评分,可能有助于选择最合适的血运重建策略。     

碎裂QRS波在急性ST段抬高心肌梗死直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后再发主要不良心脏事件中的预后价值

目的：探讨碎裂QRS波（fQRS）对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）直接PCI术后12个月内患者再发主要不良心脏事件（MACE）的预测意义。方法入选接受直接PCI的急性STEMI患者92例,记录12导联心电图,按PCI后72 h内是否出现碎裂QRS波,分为fQRS组和非fQRS组。随访12个月,比较两组患者MACE的发生率。结果 fQRS组患者在术后1年MACE显著高于非fQRS组[15（31.2%）vs.4（9.1%）]。生存分析显示,fQRS组患者无事件生存率明显减低（P＜0.004）;Cox风险分析显示,fQRS是急性STEMI患者PCI术后再发MACE的独立预后危险因素（HR 2.19,95%CI 1.38-3.50,P=0.023）。结论 fQRS波可能是判别急性STEMI患者直接PCI术后再发MACE的一种独立预测指标。     

fQRS波对冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞患者侧枝循环分级及PCI术后心功能改善的预测价值

目的观察冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变患者碎裂QRS波(fQRS)与冠状动脉侧枝循环分级及接受冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后心功能改善情况的关系。方法纳入2013年1月至2016年12月在中国医科大学盛京医院住院的冠状动脉完全闭塞病变患者245例,统计患者生物化学指标、心电图、介入手术资料、侧枝循环Rentrop分级、术前术后心功能指标。根据心电图有无碎裂QRS波分为碎裂QRS波组(fQRS组,n=108)和无碎裂QRS波组(nfQRS组,n=137),分析两组患者fQRS波与侧枝循环分级、PCI术后6个月及术后1年的心功能改善情况。结果有fQRS波的患者侧枝循环等级比nfQRS组高,两组患者PCI术后左心室射血分数、6 min步行试验距离均有增加,左心室舒张末容积指数、脑钠肽均有下降,fQRS组与nfQRS组相比以上指标改变更加明显,且侧枝循环分级与心功能改善程度呈正相关。结论冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞患者心电图出现fQRS波与侧枝循环分级呈正相关,冠状动脉介入治疗能够改善慢性完全闭塞患者的心功能,合并fQRS波的患者心功能改善更加明显。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者介入治疗前后T波峰末间期的变化过程及其与恶性室性心律失常的关系

目的:探讨急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)前后心率校正的T波峰末间期(Tpec)变化过程及其与恶性室性心律失常(MVA)的关系。方法:纳入接受PCI的STEMI患者494例,分别在PCI前、PCI后(1 h、6 h、12 h、24 h、48 h)、出院时记录Tpec。根据患者PCI后Tpec是否降至100 ms分为Tpec≥100 ms组(n=73)和Tpec100 ms组(n=421),比较两组患者的MVA发生率。根据患者PCI后是否发生MVA又分为MVA组(n=94)和无MVA组(n=400),分析PCI前后Tpec变化过程与MVA发生的关系。采用Logistic多因素回归分析发生MVA的危险因素。结果:STEMI患者PCI后,Tpec≥100 ms组较Tpec100 ms组的MVA发生率明显增高(34.2%vs 9.3%,P0.05)。发生MVA的STEMI患者PCI后Tpec降低缓慢且呈波动趋势,而无MVA的患者在术后6 h即降至100 ms以下,呈逐渐下降趋势(P0.05)。PCI后Tpec持续高于100 ms是发生MVA的独立危险因素(比值比=4.79,95%可信区间:2.28~10.08,P0.05)。结论:STEMI患者PCI后Tpec持续降低缓慢(≥100 ms)是发生MVA的危险因素,对于STEMI患者的危险分层具有一定参考价值。     

SYNTAX评分预测急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死介入后无复流

目的：评价急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（ST segment elevation myocardial infarction,STEMI）患者诊断性冠状动脉造影获得的SYNTAX评分,与经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）后无复流现象的相关性。方法：入选在发病后12h内行PCI治疗的397例STEMI患者,进行回顾性分析。根据单纯冠状动脉病变心脏外科与介入治疗狭窄冠状动脉研究（Synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXUS and cardiac surgery,SYNTAX）评分的中位数,将患者分为高分组和低分组。将冠状动脉造影结果作为无复流的判断标准。采用多元Logistic回归分析,评价SYNTAX评分与急诊PCI后无复流现象的的相关性。结果：PCI术后发生无复流现象的患者共79例（19.9%）,其中SYNTAX评分高分组无复流发生率显著高于低分组。多元Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥55岁（OR=2.46,95%CI=1.72～3.41;P〈0.001）、入院前服用β阻滞剂（OR=0.62,95%CI=0.41～0.92;P=0.021）、术前Killip分级（4级,OR=3.78,95%CI=2.14～6.48;P〈0.001）、再灌注时间（≥2h,OR=1.37,95%CI=1.02～1.79;P=0.036）、及SYNTAX评分≥15.75（OR=1.16,95%CI=1.01～2.45;P〈0.001）是直接PCI术无复流现象的独立预测因素。结论：STEMI患者急诊PCI前通过冠状动脉造影获得的SYNTAX评分对于预测STEMI患者PCI后无复流现象并进行危险分层具有一定参考价值。     

溶栓危险评分对急性心肌梗塞再灌注治疗患者的预后评价

目的:探讨心肌梗塞溶栓治疗(TIMI)危险评分对接受再灌注治疗的ST段抬高心肌梗塞(STEMI)患者院内死亡的预测价值,能否在入院时筛选出急诊经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术获益更大的高危患者。方法:应用TIMI危险评分对267例接受再灌注治疗的STEMI患者进行危险分层,分为低危组(TIMI评分0-4分)及高危组(TIMI评分≥5分),比较两组患者接受急诊PCI与溶栓治疗对院内死亡率的影响。结果:TIMI评分高危组院内死亡率显著高于低危组(14.4%:2.8%,P=0.001),其中接受急诊PCI治疗的患者死亡率显著低于溶栓治疗的(9.2%:26.3%,P=0.012)。而低危组患者接受急诊PCI术与溶栓治疗则死亡率无显著差异(2.2%:3.9%,P=0.618)。结论:TIMI危险评分可作为简便易行的方法评估再灌注治疗STEMI患者的预后,并有助于选择再灌注治疗方案。     

The relationship between fragmented QRS complexes and syntax II scores in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background

Even though the relationship between syntax score (SS) and fragmented QRS (fQRS) has been studied, the relation between syntax score II (SS II) and fQRS in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is undefined. We aimed to define the relationship between fQRS and SS II for the evaluation of extension and complexity of coronary artery disease.

冠脉内注射高剂量替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死直接PCI术后碎裂QRS波的影响

目的探讨冠脉内注射高剂量替罗非班对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)直接经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗术后体表心电图出现碎裂QRS波(f QRS)的影响。方法连续入选150例接受直接PCI治疗的急性STEMI患者,随机分成冠脉内注射高剂量替罗非班组(替罗非班组,n=75)和常规治疗组(n=75),观察住院48 h内体表心电图f QRS的发生率以及术后住院期间主要不良心脏事件(MACE)。结果两组临床基本特征无显著差别。替罗非班组术后校正的TIMI帧数(CTFC)较常规组少[(23±7)帧vs.(30±10)帧,P0.05];肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值浓度显著低于常规治疗组[(245±162)U/L vs.(311±180)U/L,P0.05],而左心室射血分数(LVEF)值则显著高于常规治疗组[(51±6)%vs.(47±7)%,P0.05],同时,术后替罗非班组和常规治疗组f QRS发生率分别41%(30/75)和57%(43/75),两组之间比较差异显著,P0.05)。两组住院期间MACE事件有差异,但未达到统计学意义(5%vs.12%)。结论冠脉注射高剂量替罗非班能改善心肌灌注,降低术后体表心电图f QRS发生率,提高心脏功能。     

Fragmented QRS may predict new onset atrial fibrillation in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background

Fragmented QRS (fQRS) has been shown to be a marker of local myocardial conduction abnormalities, cardiac fibrosis in previous studies. It was also reported to be a predictor of sudden cardiac death and increased morbidity and mortality in selected populations. However, there is no study investigating the role of fQRS in the development of atrial fibrillation in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of fQRS after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and in-hospital development of new-onset atrial fibrilation (AF) in patients with STEMI.

The prognostic value of the combined use of QRS distortion and fragmented QRS in patients with acute STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Background

No study has investigated the prognostic importance of the combined use of QRS distortion and fragmented QRS (fQRS) for risk stratification in acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

碎裂QRS波对ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死1年期预后的预测价值

目的:探讨静息12导联心电图的碎裂QRS波(fQRS)对于ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死（STEMI）患者1年期预后的预测价值。方法:选择STEMI患者154例,分为无fQRS、fQRS两组,随访观察1年。分别比较了各组的基本资料、危险因素及造影情况、左室射血分数(LVEF)、室壁运动异常发生率,恶性心律失常发生率和全因病死率。结果:①两组患者基本资料及3种主要心血管危险因素未见显著差异,fQRS组较无fQRS组肌钙蛋白I（TnI）值高,3支病变比例大;②fQRS组患者较无fQRS组患者住院期间病死率高、LVEF<50%比例高;③fQRS组1年期随访病死率、恶性心律失常发生率、LVEF%<50%比例均显著高于无fQRS组,LVEF%值较低。④同组患者住院期间与1年随访比较,无fQRS组病死率和LVEF<50%比例未见显著差异;室速发生率和室壁运动异常发生率有所减少,LVEF改善。fQRS组病死率增加,其他观察指标均未见明显统计学差异。结论:12导联心电图fQRS对于STEMI患者的预后具有一定预测价值。     

The prognostic significance of a fragmented QRS complex after primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Fragmented QRS (fQRS) may occur due to non-homogeneous activation of ischemic ventricles. We want to investigate the prognostic significance of a fQRS complex in a patient who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Eighty-five patients with no history of coronary artery disease who underwent primary PCI were included in the study. Of these patients, 34 who were found to have a fQRS at the 48th hour after primary PCI were defined as group 1, and 51 who were found not to have a fQRS were defined as group 2. Both groups were monitored for adverse cardiac events. At 6.6 ± 2.3 months of follow-up, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was found significantly higher in the fQRS group [group 1:10 (29.4%) vs. group 2:3 (5.9%); p:0.003]. In multivariate Cox regression analysis; the duration of chest pain (HR:1.02, CI:1.004-1.05; p = 0.03) and fQRS at 48th hour (HR 7.16, CI 3.17–20.11; p = 0.006) were predictors of MACE. In the group 2, event-free survival rate was found significantly higher; however, Q wave and QRS distortion were found to be insignificant with regard to demonstrating event-free survival. Compared to both Q wave and QRS distortion, fQRS showed high sensitivity and specificity in demonstrating MACE (sensitivity 0.77; specificity 0.67; AUC 0.71 (0.57–0.86); p 0.01). fQRS had 73% sensitivity and 49% specificity and Q wave had 58% sensitivity and 85% specificity for demonstrating the presence of scar on myocardial perfusion scintigraphy with ROC curve analysis. The presence of a fQRS at the 48th hour is a significant predictor of MACE in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction who have undergone primary PCI. (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01136837).     

Fragmented QRS complex is a diagnostic tool in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction

Fragmented QRS complex (fQRS) on 12-lead ECG is associated with myocardial fibrosis and ischemic scar. Interstitial fibrosis is one of the histological characteristics of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). However, the clinical importance of fQRS in patients with LVDD remains unclear. Here, we assessed the hypothesis that the presence of fQRS is associated with disease severity in patients with LVDD, and could be used as an additional parameter to differentiate patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) from LVDD. We analyzed 12-lead ECG of 239 patients with LVDD. The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of fQRS; 88 patients had fQRS (fQRS group) and 151 patients did not have fQRS (non-fQRS group). The percentage of patients with heart failure in the fQRS group was significantly higher than that in the non-fQRS group. The levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and high-sensitive troponin T were significantly higher in the fQRS group than those in the non-fQRS group. In univariate logistic regression analysis, fQRS was associated with the presence of heart failure in patients with LVDD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified fQRS and BNP as independent indicators for HFpEF. In conclusion, the presence of fQRS on the ECG could be used as an additional tool to differentiate HFpEF from LVDD.     

残余SYNTAX评分评估老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死PCI术后不良预后的临床价值

目的比较SYNTAX评分和残余SYNTAX(rSS)评分评估老年ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后不良预后的临床价值。方法收集2017年3月—2019年1月在洛阳市中医院确诊的STEMI并行PCI治疗的病人210例,根据是否发生主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)分为MACCE组和非MACCE组。比较两组临床资料,采用Logistic多因素回归分析影响MACCE发生的独立因素,Cox回归模型比较SYNTAX评分和rSS评分评估老年STEMI行PCI治疗术后不良预后的临床价值。结果MACCE组与非MACCE组相比,病人年龄、SYNTAX评分和rSS评分较高,高血压、脑梗死/短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)、冠状动脉三支病变病人所占比例较高(P<0.05)。经Logistic多因素回归分析显示年龄、SYNTAX评分和rSS评分为STEMI病人PCI术后发生MACCE的独立影响因素。SYNTAX评分预测STEMI病人PCI术后发生MACCE灵敏度和特异度分别为72.3%、65.4%,曲线下面积为0.702,截断值32分;rSS评分预测STEMI病人PCI术后发生MACCE灵敏度和特异度分别为82.3%、74.6%,曲线下面积为0.824,截断值5分。rSS>5分组MACCE的发生率为37.2%、脑卒中发生率为14.0%和再次血运重建率为11.6%,均高于rSS≤5分组,全因死亡率和再发心肌梗死率组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论rSS>5分是老年STEMI行PCI治疗术后不良预后的独立危险因素,临床预测价值大于SYNTAX评分。     

Identification of electrocardiographic risk markers for the initial and recurrent episodes of ventricular fibrillation in patients with Brugada syndrome

1 Introduction

New onset of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in asymptomatic patients with Brugada‐type ECG is not frequent, but it cannot be negligible. Risk markers for predicting VF are usually based on results of analysis in symptomatic patients, and they have not been determined for asymptomatic patients. We analyzed ECG markers in patients with Brugada syndrome to differentiate the risk factors for VF in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.

2 Methods

The subjects were 471 patients with Brugada syndrome and we divided the subjects into two groups: Asymptomatic group (n = 326) and Symptomatic group (syncope: n = 122, VF: n = 23). We analyzed the following ECG markers: RR, PQ, QRS, QT and Tpeak‐Tend (Tpe) intervals, ST level, atrial fibrillation (AF), atrioventricular block, spontaneous type 1 ECG, early repolarization (ER) and fragmented QRS (fQRS).

3 Results

During follow‐up (91 ± 64 months), 41 patients experienced VF (Asymptomatic: n = 10, Symptomatic: n = 31). Univariable analysis showed that spontaneous type 1 ECG, Tpe interval (≥95 milliseconds), high ST level (≥0.52 mV) and fQRS were common predictors for VF in both the Asymptomatic and Symptomatic groups. In addition to the common risk factors, wide QRS (≥107 milliseconds), long QT interval (≥420 milliseconds), ER and AF were predictors for VF in Symptomatic group. Multivariable analysis of the Symptomatic group showed fQRS, Tpe and ER were independent predictors of prognosis.

4 Conclusions

fQRS and Tpe interval are common risk factors for VF in both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, whereas ER is a predictor for recurrent VF.