腹腔镜手术治疗早期宫颈癌18例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗早期子宫颈癌的可行性、安全性及优点。方法对18例临床Ⅰb~Ⅱa期宫颈癌施行腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫术(腹腔镜组),同期25例早期子宫颈癌行开腹广泛全子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫术(剖腹组)。比较两种术式的手术时间、术中出血量、术后恢复情况、术后住院时间及并发症发生等情况。结果两组手术均获成功,腹腔镜组手术时间明显长于剖腹手术组(P0.01)。术中出血量、肛门排气时间、术后住院时间明显少于剖腹手术组(P0.01)。术中无邻近脏器损伤发生,切除的淋巴结数均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除和淋巴结清扫治疗早期宫颈癌是可行、安全、有效的方法,具有创伤小,术后恢复快的优点。     

腹腔镜广泛子宫切除结合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗宫颈癌的效果探究

分析及探索宫颈癌患者采用腹腔镜广泛切除术与盆腔淋巴结清扫术联合治疗的临床效果。收集本科室接收的宫颈癌患者120例,随机分为对照组和观察组各60例,对照组施行传统开腹手术治疗;观察组施行腹腔镜广泛切除术与盆腔淋巴结清扫术联合治疗。观察及对比两组患者的手术情况及术后恢复情况。与对照组相比,观察组患者的手术操作时间明显较长,手术出血量明显较少,术后首次排气时间、下床活动时间及住院天数明显较短(P0.05)。宫颈癌患者采用腹腔镜广泛切除术与盆腔淋巴结清扫术联合治疗具有微创、术后恢复快等优点,值得广泛推广。     

腹腔镜两孔操作法在宫颈癌手术中的应用

目的 探讨两孔操作腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术在治疗宫颈癌中的应用价值.方法 对我院2005年8月～2008年12月经术前病理证实的65例宫颈癌进行两孔操作腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清术.分析其手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除时间、淋巴结切除数量、术后恢复情况及并发症.结果 65例均在腹腔镜下完成手术,无1例中转开腹.手术时间150～235 min,平均205.5 min;术中出血量80～165mL,平均120 mL;淋巴结切除数量最多46枚,最少18枚,平均29.5枚.术中发生膀胱损伤1例,镜下修补后恢复良好.术后发生尿潴留4例.随访患者中未发现复发病例.结论 两孔操作腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术在治疗早期宫颈癌安全、可行、有效,具有临床应用价值.     

腹腔镜下子宫恶性肿瘤手术分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤的可行性及近期疗效。方法比较2009-03—2011-0136例行腹腔镜下广泛性子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结切除术及40例同期开腹行该类手术患者的临床资料,观察2组手术时间、术中出血量、切除淋巴结数目、住院时间、肠道排气时间、尿管留置时间及术后病率等的差异。结果腹腔镜组术中出血量、淋巴结切除数、平均住院时间和术后病率均小于开腹组,差异有统计学意义。腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组,但差异无统计学意义。结论腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴结切除术治疗子宫恶性肿瘤具有创伤小、恢复快、住院时间短、术后病率低等优点,且与开腹行此类手术相比同样安全有效。不失为治疗早期子宫恶性肿瘤的理想方法。     

腹腔镜手术治疗宫颈癌患者术后生活质量分析

目的腹腔镜手术治疗宫颈癌患者术后生活质量分析。方法选择2009年5月-2010年9月在该院妇瘤科住院进行腹腔镜手术治疗的宫颈癌患者27例作为腹腔镜手术组,选择同期行开腹手术治疗的宫颈癌患者27例作为开腹手术组。腹腔镜手术组患者在腹腔镜下行广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术;开腹手术患者开腹行广泛性子宫切除+盆腔淋巴结清扫术。观察腹腔镜手术组和开腹手术组患者的临床资料、手术情况、术后复发和生存率情况以及术后癌症治疗功能总体评价量表(FACT-G)评分。结果腹腔镜手术组宫颈癌患者的年龄、体质指数和开腹手术组宫颈癌患者比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),腹腔镜手术组宫颈癌患者的出血量少于开腹手术组(P0.05),腹腔镜手术组宫颈癌患者的术中淋巴结清扫个数多于开腹手术组(P0.05),腹腔镜手术组宫颈癌患者的排气时间和住院时间均少于开腹手术组(P0.05),腹腔镜手术组宫颈癌患者的术后1、3和5年的复发率和生存率和开腹手术组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。腹腔镜手术组宫颈癌患者的术后1、3和5年的FACT-G评分高于开腹手术组(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜手术治疗宫颈癌可以减少出血量,缩短排气时间和住院时间,提高术后FACT-G评分,改善宫颈癌患者的术后生活质量。     

广泛全子宫切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌的护理观察

目的探讨广泛全子宫切除术结合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌的临床护理效果。方法选取辽宁省肿瘤医院妇产科2011年2月至2013年2月收治的40例早期宫颈癌行腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术(LPL+TLRH)治疗的患者作为研究组,另选取同期40例经腹广泛子宫切除术和淋巴结清扫术的宫颈癌患者作为对照组。对照组进行常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上针对性进行护理。对比两组并发症及术中情况。结果 (1)与对照组相比,研究组手术时间更短,术中出血量更少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(2)两组切除淋巴结数目、术后并发症比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论护理配合LPL+TLRH治疗早期宫颈癌具有手术时间短、术中出血量少等优点。     

腹腔镜广泛全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期子宫恶性肿瘤19例临床分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期子宫恶性肿瘤的安全性和可行性.方法 回顾分析2002年11月～2006年12月19例接受腹腔镜广泛全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术早期子宫恶性肿瘤患者的手术情况,总结其手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结切除数目及近期预后情况.结果 广泛全子宫切除术成功17例,次广泛全切2例,盆腔淋巴结切除术成功率100%,手术时间(242.3±55.1)min,术中出血量(356.4±136.8)mL,淋巴结切除(19.4±3.5)个,术中重要脏器损伤发生率10.5%,术后并发症发生率21.0%,近期术后复发率10.6%.结论 腹腔镜下广泛全子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结切除术可以作为早期子宫恶性肿瘤手术治疗的方法 之一,短期效果好,远期疗效有待观察.     

腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌

目的探讨腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌的疗效。方法将90例早期宫颈癌患者按简单随机方法分为观察组与对照组,每组45例。观察组行腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术,对照组行开放根治性子宫切除术联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术,比较2组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、肠道功能恢复时间以及并发症的发生率。结果观察组手术时间为(191.38±33.28)min,术中出血量为(121.34±41.28)mL,术后住院时间为(10.24±3.11)d,术后肠道功能恢复时间为(4.52±1.19)d,术后并发症发生率为6.67%(3/45);对照组手术时间为(185.42±25.91)min,术中出血量为(201.46±36.48)mL,术后住院时间为(15.34±2.53)d,术后肠道功能恢复时间为(7.45±2.22)d,术后并发症发生率为28.89%(13/45)。2组手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,观察组术中出血量明显减少,术后住院时间以及术后肠道功能恢复时间明显缩短,术后并发症明显降低(均P<0.05)。结论腹腔镜下根治性子宫切除术对早期宫颈癌患者相比于开放性子宫切除术效果更好,手术并发症更少,且安全可行。     

腹腔镜与开腹广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌的疗效比较

目的:对比分析腹腔镜与开腹广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗早期宫颈癌的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2007年6月至2011年6月期间在我院妇产科完成的33例经腹腔镜(腹腔镜组)和32例开腹(开腹组)广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术的手术情况、病理资料、术中术后并发症及随访结果。结果:与开腹组相比,腹腔镜组术中出血量少[(163.6±65.3)mL vs.(390.6±187.3)mL,P<0.001]、输血比例小[0 vs.18.8%,P<0.001]、术后肛门排气及排便时间早[(2.0±0.8)d vs.(3.0±0.9)d,P<0.001;(3.7±1.5)d vs.(5.7±1.5)d,P<0.001]、盆腔引流管拔除早[(3.2±0.9)d vs.(5.3±3.0)d,P=0.001]、术后3 d血红蛋白计数高[(107.8±11.9)g/L vs.(96.0±17.8)g/L,P=0.003]以及住院时间短[(11.1±3.7)d vs.(14.7±3.9)d,P<0.05]。两组手术时间、术中淋巴结切除数量、盆腔引流量、尿管拔除时间、术后体温恢复时间、术后3 d白细胞计数及术中术后并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除加盆腔淋巴结清扫术具有开腹同类手术的可行性和安全性,为微创手术治疗妇科恶性肿瘤提供了良好的应用前景。     

腹腔镜手术治疗早期宫颈癌的可行性及有效性

目的探讨腹腔镜手术治疗早期宫颈癌的可行性及安全性。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年1月收治的50例早期宫颈癌患者的临床资料,随机将患者分为观察组(25例)和对照组(25例)。观察组采用腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除+盆腔淋巴清扫术,对照组采用开腹广泛子宫切除+盆腔淋巴清扫术。比较两组患者手术时间、淋巴结切除数目、排气时间、术中出血量、住院时间以及术后并发症发生率。结果观察组手术时间长于对照组(P0.05),且观察组术中出血量、排气时间及术后恢复时间较对照组短,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者切除淋巴结数比较差异未见统计学意义(P0.05);观察组临床治疗总有效率(84.00%)显著高于对照组(60.00%),且观察组并发症发生率(3.51%)低于对照组(20.00%),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜下对早期宫颈癌患者实施手术治疗,具有创伤小、恢复快等特点,是一种安全、有效的手术方法,值得临床推广应用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.