Interferon gamma-secreting HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in the liver of patients with chronic C hepatitis: relation to liver fibrosis--ANRS HC EP07 study

Little is known about the role of specific hepatitis C virus (HCV) CD8+ T cells in liver damage, especially for the progression of fibrosis, during the highly variable course of chronic C hepatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in the liver of patients with chronic C hepatitis and to examine their clinical significance by relating the response to liver fibrosis and progression rate, serum viral load, serum aminotransferase levels, inflammatory activity and in situ characteristics of the intrahepatic infiltrate. Fifteen patients were prospectively included in the study. Intrahepatic lymphocytes were tested for interferon gamma (IFNg) production in response to HCV class I-restricted epitopic peptides using enzyme-linked immunospot analysis. Liver biopsy samples were evaluated for fibrosis, fibrosis progression rate, activity, and in situ number of CD8+ cytotoxic lymphocytes and apoptotic cells. An IFNg-specific CD8+ T-cell response was detected in the liver samples of 47% of patients which was significantly related to a lower stage of fibrosis (P = 0.02) and a lower progression rate of fibrosis (P = 0.01). It was neither related to the number of cytotoxic lymphocytes infiltrating the liver nor to hepatocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, our results indicate that the presence of HCV-specific IFNg-secreting T cells in the liver of patients with chronic C hepatitis is associated with low liver fibrosis and fibrosis progression rate, suggesting that these IFNg-secreting T cells might limit the progression of liver damage.     

CD48在类风湿关节炎患者外周血CD8+T细胞上的表达及意义

目的探讨类风湿关节炎（RA）患者CD8^＋T细胞上CIM8的表达及意义。方法选择30例RA患者（RA组）和30名健康人（对照组），采用流式细胞仪测定两组外周血CD8^＋T细胞表面上CD48的平均荧光强度，分析RA患者CD48在CD8^＋T细胞上表达的临床意义。结果RA组CD48^＋CD8^＋T细胞表面平均荧光强度明显低于正常对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。而两组CD48^＋CD4^＋T细胞的表面平均荧光强度差异无统计学意义。结论RA患者CD8^＋T细胞上CD48的表达低于对照组，CD48的表达减低使抑制性T细胞减少可能在RA的发病过程中起作用。     

Role of CXCR5+ CD8+ T cells in human hepatitis B virus infection

The replication of HBV in hepatocytes can be effectively inhibited by lifelong antiviral therapy. Because of the long-term presence of HBV reservoirs, the virus rebound frequently occurs once the treatment is stopped, which poses a considerable obstacle to the complete removal of the virus. In terms of gene composition, regulation of B cell action and function, CXCR5⁺CD8⁺ T cells are similar to CXCR5⁺CD4⁺ T follicular helper cells, while these cells are characterized by elevated programmed cell death 1 and cytotoxic-related proteins. CXCR5⁺CD8⁺T cells are strongly associated with progression in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In addition, CXCR5 expression on the surface of CD8⁺ T cells is mostly an indicator of memory stem cell-like failure in progenitor cells in cancer that are more responsive to immune checkpoint blocking therapy. Furthermore, the phenomena have also been demonstrated in some viral infections, highlighting the duality of the cellular immune response of CXCR5⁺CD8⁺ T cells. This mini-review will focus on the function of CXCR5⁺CD8⁺ T cells in HBV infection and discuss the function of these CD8⁺ T cells and the potential of associated co-stimulators or cytokines in HBV therapeutic strategies.     

慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞HCV RNA检测及其与机体免疫功能的相关性研究

目的观察慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)HCVRNA含量及其对T淋巴细胞亚群的影响,以探讨HCV感染者PBMC中HCVRNA水平及其与机体免疫功能的关系。方法采用荧光定量PCR(FQPCR)技术对128例丙型肝炎患者血清、外周血单个核细胞的HCVRNA含量进行了检测,同时检测CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+。结果PBMC内HCVRNA阳性组与HCVRNA阴性组比较,前者CD3+、CD4+水平降低、CD8+水平增高,CD4+/CD8+比值下降大于后者,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论丙型肝炎病毒侵染PBMC后可加重患者的细胞免疫功能紊乱。     

Increase in CD95 (Fas/APO-1)-positive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood derived from patients with autoimmune hepatitis or chronic hepatitis C with autoimmune phenomena

BACKGROUND: The expressions of CD95 (Fas/APO-1) and Bcl-2 are determinants of apoptosis in normal lymphocytes, and abnormalities in their expressions might contribute to the induction of autoimmunity. In this study, we examined the expressions of CD95 and Bcl-2 on freshly isolated T and B cells from patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or chronic hepatitis C associated with autoimmune phenomena (CH-C(AI)). METHODS: The CD95 and Bcl-2 expressions within CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and CD19+ B cell subsets were analysed by two-colour flow cytometry. RESULTS: The surface expression of CD95 was significantly high in both the CD4+ T and CD8+ T cell subsets derived from the patients with AIH and those with CH-C(AI), compared with expression in patients with CH-C and normal subjects. The increase in CD95 expression was associated with the phenotypic conversion of naive CD45RO- to primed CD45RO+ CD4+ T cells. Bcl-2 was detected in the vast majority of peripheral T and B cells. There was no significant difference in the percentage of Bcl-2-positive cells in the CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell and CD19+ B cell subsets among the patient groups and normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that an increase in CD4+ T cells expressing CD45RO and CD95 marks an important subset of AIH and CH-C(AI) patients. These expanded CD95+ CD45RO+ primed T cells most likely reflect a continuous antigen-specific or non-specific activation of T lymphocytes, and/or the persistent presence of activated lymphocytes as a consequence of abnormalities in the peripheral deletion of activated lymphocytes. These persistently activated lymphocytes might play a role in the induction of autoimmunity in AIH and CH-C(AI).     

肺结核患者外周血CD_4~+、CD_8~+T细胞Blimp-1表达下降

目的研究活动性肺结核患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)Blimp-1的表达及临床意义。方法采集31例活动期肺结核患者和45位健康对照组外周血,纯化PBMCs,用结核分枝杆菌ESAT-6和CFP-10混合性抗原肽库刺激,通过细胞表面标记和细胞内细胞因子染色技术,采用流式技术检测CD+4、CD+8T细胞Blimp-1的表达。结果与对照组比较,肺结核患者PBMCs中的CD+4、CD+8T细胞亚群分布出现显著性下降,且肺结核患者CD+4T细胞中Blimp-1的表达比例(%)下降(肺结核组89.5%(83.8%,95.7%),对照组94.5%(89.8%,98.7%),P0.05),且CD+4、CD+8T细胞中Blimp-1的表达量(平均荧光强度)也显著性下降(CD+4T细胞:肺结核组9.28(7.5,18.9),对照组15.4(11,25.4),P0.05);CD+8T细胞:肺结核组9.01(6.08,14.7),对照组14.2(9.53,23.1),P0.05)。结论活动期肺结核CD+4、CD+8T细胞群内Blimp-1的表达下降可能会使效应性和调节性T细胞的分化出现异常。Blimp-1可能参与结核病的疾病进程,这为研究结核病的诊断和治疗提供了线索。     

抗病毒治疗对慢性丙型肝炎CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞频率和功能的影响

目的研究抗病毒治疗前后慢性丙型肝炎患者CD4^＋CD25^＋调节性T细胞（Treg）频率和功能的变化。方法筛选HLA—A2阳性慢性丙型肝炎患者31例，给予聚乙二醇化干扰素α-2a（相对分子质量为40000）180μg每周1次皮下注射，联合口服利巴韦林。分别在治疗前和治疗结束随访24周时应用流式细胞仪检测患者CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg细胞占外周血CD4^＋T细胞的频率，应用液闪计数仪检测其对HCV特异性CD8^＋T细胞增殖的抑制作用，ELISA法检测细胞培养上清γ干扰素（IFN-γ）水平的变化情况。结果治疗结束随访24周，患者外周血CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg细胞频率为（9．6±3．0）％，明显低于治疗前的（11．0±2．3）％（t=2．028，P〈0．05）；持续病毒学应答（SVR）组CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg细胞频率为（8．9±2．7）％，明显低于未获得SVR患者组的（10．4±2．3）％（t=3．324，P〈0．01）。抗病毒治疗后CD4^＋CD25^＋ Treg细胞抑制HCV特异性CD8^＋T细胞增殖的作用减弱。治疗后患者IFN-γ水平为（3959±577）pg／ml，明显高于治疗前的（1965±326）pg／ml（t=16．1，P〈0．01）；获得SVR患者组IFN-γ（6824±568）pg／ml，明显高于未获得SVR患者组的（2219±286）pg／ml（t=29．853，P〈0．001）。结论慢性丙型肝炎患者随着HCV RNA水平的下降，CD4^＋CD25^＋Treg细胞频率降低，抑制HCV特异性CD8^＋T细胞增殖的作用减弱。     

自身免疫性肝炎患者外周血CD8~+T淋巴细胞PD-1表达及意义

目的研究自身免疫性肝炎患者外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞程序性死亡受体1(PD-1)表达的变化。方法选择自身免疫性肝炎患者22例和健康人20例,使用流式细胞仪检测所有被研究者外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞PD-1分子的表达状况,比较不同分期和不同性别疾病患者PD-1表达水平。结果自身免疫性肝炎患者外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞PD-1分子阳性百分比为2.5±0.5%,显著高于健康对照组(0.5±0.1%,P<0.001);自身免疫性肝炎发病期患者CD8+T淋巴细胞表达PD-1百分比为2.6±0.7%,与缓解期比无统计学差异(3.4±0.8%);16例女性AIH患者外周血CD8+T淋巴细胞PD-1阳性百分比为3.5±0.7%,亦略高于6例男性患者的1.3±0.3%,但无显著统计学差异(P=0.1021),可能与例数较少有关。结论自身免疫性肝炎患者CD8+T淋巴细胞PD-1表达率增加,PD-1可能在自身免疫性肝炎的发病中起了重要作用。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血 CD8＋T 淋巴细胞功能的变化

目的：探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞功能的变化。方法利用主要组织相容性复合物（MHC）-抗原肽四聚体标记技术检测 HBV 的特异性 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞,并检测其细胞因子的分泌能力,分析其与病毒学指标及临床生化指标的关系。结果人类白细胞相关抗原（HLA）-A 基因型为 A02或 A24的42例患者中,有11例患者至少检出一种被四聚体识别的 HBV 特异性 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞,白细胞介素2（IL-2）及γ（IFN-γ）干扰素的分泌能力相对于其自身的外周血总 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞显著降低（t＝14．231、10．450,P ＜0．01）。检出抗原特异性 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞的患者,其血清ALT 的水平较阴性患者高（t＝2．306,P ＜0．05）,而 HBV DNA 水平却相对低（t＝－4．447,P ＜0．001）。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血的抗原特异性 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞的功能存在明显的缺陷,可能与病毒抗原的持续刺激导致功能耗竭有关。     

胰岛素抵抗的慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的数量及其功能

目的 了解胰岛素抵抗的慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血CD4 +CD25+调节性T细胞(Treg)数量和功能的变化.方法 筛选40例HLA-A2+慢性丙型肝炎患者(其中20例合并胰岛素抵抗),流式细胞仪检测患者CD4+CD25+Treg细胞占外周血中CD4+T细胞的频率,液闪计数仪检测对HCV特异性CD8+T细胞增殖的抑制作用,ELISA法检测IFN-y水平.统计学处理采用t检验.结果 胰岛素抵抗的慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血CD4 +CD25+ Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞的(9.5±1.9)％,明显低于慢性丙型肝炎患者的(11.2±2.2)％(t=2.615,P＜0.05).胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)≥4患者的CD4+CD25+ Treg细胞比例为(9.0±1.8)％,明显低于HOMA-IR＜4患者的(10.8±2.3)％(t=2.413,P＜0.05).胰岛素抵抗的慢性丙型肝炎患者CD4+CD25+ Treg细胞和去除Treg的外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)共培养上清液中IFN-y为(4 050±580) pg/mL,明显高于慢性丙型肝炎患者的(2 005±330)pg/mL(t=13.705,P＜0.01).HOMA-IR≥4患者IFN-y为(5 682±986)pg/mL,明显高于HOMA-IR＜4患者的(2 819±660) pg/mL(t=7.630,P＜0.01).结论 随着胰岛素抵抗程度加重,慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血CD4+ CD25+ Treg细胞频率减低,对HCV特异性CD8+T细胞增殖的抑制作用减弱.     

Protective and pathogenic roles of CD8+ T cells during malaria infection

CD8+ T cells play a key role in protection against pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria infection. Many vaccine strategies are based on the idea of inducing a strong infection-blocking CD8+ T cell response. Here, we summarize what is known about the development, specificity and protective effect of malaria-specific CD8+ T cells and report on recent developments in the field. Although work in mouse models continues to make progress in our understanding of the basic biology of these cells, many questions remain to be answered - particularly on the roles of these cells in human infections. Increasing evidence is also emerging of a harmful role for CD8+ T cells in the pathology of cerebral malaria in rodent systems. Once again, the relevance of these results to human disease is one of the primary questions facing workers in this field.     

肝细胞癌患者 Treg 细胞对 CD8＋T 淋巴细胞穿孔素表达的影响

目的：研究肝细胞癌患者免疫抑制性 Treg 细胞对 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞穿孔素表达的影响。方法采集20例肝细胞癌患者和20名健康人的外周血,用流式分析法检测抗-CD3／CD28刺激48 h 后 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞的穿孔素表达情况。免疫磁珠分离法分离健康人 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞和肝细胞癌患者 Treg 细胞,一组 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞单独培养,另一组CD8＋T 淋巴细胞与 Treg 细胞共同培养,用流式细胞法检测抗-CD3／CD28刺激48 h 后两组 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞穿孔素表达情况。结果肝细胞癌患者外周血中 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞穿孔素表达量与健康人相近,分别为（10．74±3．96）％和（12．6±2．48）％,差异无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）。CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞单独培养和与肝癌患者 Treg 细胞共培养后,健康人 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞穿孔素表达量分别为（34．2±3．65）％和（20．43±4．52）％,差异有统计学意义（t＝11．42,P ＜0．01）。结论肝癌患者免疫抑制性 Treg 细胞可使 CD8＋ T 淋巴细胞穿孔素表达量降低。     

慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD8+CD28+T淋巴细胞百分比的变化及其临床意义探讨

目的 探讨不同病程阶段的慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比的变化,以及CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比变化与血清HBsAg水平的关系。方法 2018年4月~2018年8月我院诊治的慢性乙型肝炎患者88例,其中免疫耐受期20例,免疫清除期28例,非活动期20例,再活动期20例,另选择健康人20例。使用流式细胞术检测外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比。结果 健康人与免疫耐受期患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比分别为（26.1±3.5）%和（26.3±3.4）%,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;免疫清除期患者CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比为（40.1±4.7）%,显著高于健康人（P<0.05）;非活动期和再活动期患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比分别为（20.3±2.2）%和（26.1±2.2）%,显著低于健康人（P<0.05）;外周血HBsAg低、中、高三组人群外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比分别为（24.0±7.5）%、（28.4±8.9）%和（33.2±8.5）%,各组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 不同病程阶段的慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血CD8⁺CD28⁺T淋巴细胞百分比存在明显差异,可能与病毒长期刺激机体免疫系统,导致免疫系统功能失调有关,而这种失调可能参与了慢性乙型肝炎的发病过程。     

Th17与CD8+T细胞在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的作用

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是由吸烟诱导的,影响肺实质及气道的慢性炎性疾病.Th17细胞能分泌多种细胞因子促进中性粒细胞聚集活化,并增加CD8+T细胞数量,在COPD发病机制中发挥重要作用.在不同炎性微环境中,Thl7细胞与CD8+T细胞共同参与COPD发病,连接COPD的先天免疫反应及后天免疫反应.     

CD4+CXCR5+ T cells activate CD27+IgG+ B cells via IL-21 in patients with hepatitis C virus infection

BACKGROUND: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes the skewing and activation of B cell subsets, but the characteristics of IgG+ B cells in patients with chronic hepa-titis C (CHC) infection have not been thoroughly elucidated. CD4+CXCR5+ follicularhelperT(Tfh)cells,viainterleukin (IL)-21 secretion, activate B cells. However, the role of CD4+CXCR5+T cellsintheactivationof IgG+ BcellsinCHCpatientsis not clear.
METHODS: The frequency of IgG+ B cells, including CD27?IgG+B and CD27+IgG+ B cells,the expression of the activation markers (CD86 and CD95) in IgG+ B cells, and the percentage of circu-lating CD4+CXCR5+ T cells were detected by flow cytometry in CHC patients (n=70) and healthy controls (n=25). The con-centrations of serum IL-21 were analyzed using ELISA. The role of CD4+CXCR5+ T cells in the activation of IgG+ B cells was investigated using a co-culture system.
RESULTS: A significantly lower proportion of CD27+IgG+ B cells with increased expression of CD86 and CD95 was observed in CHC patients.The expression of CD95 was negatively correlated with the percentage of CD27+IgG+ B cells, and it contributed to CD27+IgG+ B cell apoptosis. Circulating CD4+CXCR5+ T cells and serum IL-21 were significantly increased in CHC patients. Moreover, circulating CD4+CXCR5+ T cells from CHC patients induced higher expressions of CD86 and CD95 in CD27+IgG+B cells in a co-culture system; the blockade of the IL-21 decreased the expression levels of CD86 and CD95 in CD27+IgG+ B cells.
CONCLUSIONS: HCV infection increased the frequency of CD4+CXCR5+ T cells and decreased the frequency of CD27+IgG+B cells. CD4+CXCR5+ T cells activated CD27+IgG+ B cells via the secretion of IL-21.     

慢性HBV感染患者外周血CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞表达及其临床意义

目的探讨CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞与慢性HBV感染后不同临床转归和临床特点的相关性。方法在26例慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者、15例无症状HBsAg携带者(ASC)和11例肝炎肝硬化(LC)患者和16例正常对照者,分离外周血单个核细胞(PBMC),采用流式细胞仪检测CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的表达水平。结果CHB组和ASC组的CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞占CD4+T细胞的百分率分别为4.40±2.76%和4.43±2.10%,均高于正常对照组(2.70±0.97%),差异显著(P0.01);CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的表达水平与HBVDNA水平无相关性(r=0.018,P0.05);在HBeAg阳性与阴性组患者CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞的表达也无明显的差异(P0.05)。结论慢性HBV感染者外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞水平升高,可能与HBV感染的慢性化有关。     

Mechanisms regulating expansion of CD8+ T cells during HIV‐1 infection

Abnormal immune activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells, especially of memory and effector phenotypes, take place during HIV‐1 infection, and these abnormal features persist during administration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to infected patients. The molecular mechanisms for CD8+ T‐cell expansion remain poorly characterized. In this article, we review the literature addressing features of CD8+ T‐cell immune pathology and present an integrated view on the mechanisms leading to abnormal CD8+ T‐cell expansion during HIV‐1 infection. The expression of molecules important for directing the homing of CD8+ T cells between the circulation and lymphoid tissues, in particular CCR5 and CXCR3, is increased in CD8+ T cells in circulation and in inflamed tissues during HIV‐1 infection; these disturbances in the homing capacity of CD8+ T cells have been linked to increased CD8+ T‐cell proliferation. The production of IL‐15, a cytokine responsible for physiological proliferation of CD8+ T cells, is increased in lymphoid tissues during HIV‐1 infection as result of microbial translocation and severe inflammation. IL‐15, and additional inflammatory cytokines, may lead to deregulated proliferation of CD8+ T cells and explain the accumulation of CD8+ T cells in circulation. The decreased capacity of CD8+ T cells to localize to gut‐associated lymphoid tissue also contributes to the accumulation of these cells in blood. Control of inflammation, through ART administration during primary HIV‐1 infection or therapies aimed at controlling inflammation during HIV‐1 infection, is pivotal to prevent abnormal expansion of CD8+ T cells during HIV‐1 infection.