“一校多企”的人才培养模式在高职高专药学专业中的应用研究

目的：为满足社会医药企业对人才的需求,避免学生所学理论与实践的脱节、＂学不能致用＂的现象,本文研究高职高专药学专业如何与医院、药厂进行校企合作,构建＂一校多企＂人才培养模式。方法：以本校2010级和2011级专科药学专业学生为实验班（校企合作班,51人）,以2008级和2009级专科药学专业学生人为对照班班（传统模式班,60人）。采用问卷调查和考试成绩两种方式进行对比,评价＂一校多企＂人才培养模式的人才培养质量。结果：＂一校多企＂人才培养模式提高了学生的理论考试成绩和实训技能,更重要的是提高了应届毕业生就业率及与本校合作的医院,药厂等企业的认可度和满意度。结论：＂一校多企＂的人才培养,提高学生的学习质量,节约学校的办学成本,为企业培养出了合格的员工,重要的是,让学生在学校就实现了与企业的＂零距离＂对接。     

Original Research: Lesbian Health Education: A Survey of Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency Training Programs

The purpose of this study was to assess the status of lesbian health education in obstetrics and gynecology training programs in the United States and Canada. A survey was conducted of program directors of all accredited North American obstetrics and gynecology residency training programs. The response rate was 42% (118/283). The mean number of hours devoted to lesbian health education over the 4 years was 1.86 hr (n = 118 programs), with the most frequent method of instruction being lectures and seminars. More than half of the programs offered no instruction in lesbian health. Seventy-three percent of program directors felt that the lesbian health training was less than adequate, and 71% perceived a need to expand the lesbian health curriculum in their programs. In conclusion, lesbian health education is variable across institutions. The current status of lesbian health education is felt to be inadequate by program directors and there is a perceived need to expand the lesbian health curriculum in obstetrics and gynecology training programs.     

The Long-term Effects of Human Sexuality Training Programs for Public School Teachers

The current study evaluated long-term effects of a training model in human sexuality on public school teachers' knowledge and attitudes. The data indicated that, although significant changes were found from the pretest to posttest assessment of knowledge and attitudes on two standardized measures, attitudinal changes for teachers could not be maintained over time. In addition, knowledge decreased with most drastic changes occurring in the educator who, while trained, did not teach the material in a classroom setting. The results of this model staff development program suggest factors that may alter sex education training effects for professionals who work in public school settings.     

The AMA Residency Training in Adolescent Preventive Services Project: report of the working group. The American Medical Association.

PURPOSE: To improve resident education in provision of adolescent preventive health care. The American Medical Association (AMA) Residency Training in Adolescent Preventive Services Project Working Group convened to identify specific goals and objectives (G&Os) for pediatric and family medicine resident education in adolescent clinical preventive services and recommend strategies to achieve these G&Os. METHODS: Iterative review process involving members of the working group, nine experienced teaching faculty and 16 resident physicians from family medicine and pediatric training programs, and an advisory board. RESULTS: We achieved consensus on appropriate G&Os for pediatric and family medicine residency education in adolescent clinical preventive services. Faculty and residents expressed concerns about achieving G&Os because of challenges to implementing effective training and evaluation strategies. Suggestions for achieving G&Os included development of an adolescent clinical preventive services curriculum and evaluation program that could be adapted for use in a variety of training program structures. Faculty and residents anticipated the success of a training curriculum would be influenced by: (a) availability of adequate numbers of skilled teaching faculty; (b) availability of time and support for faculty development and teaching efforts; and (c) exposure of residents to adequate numbers of adolescent patients in settings where there are clear expectations for delivery of comprehensive preventive services. CONCLUSIONS: The AMA Residency Training in Adolescent Preventive Services Project Working Group presents G&Os for organizing training experiences in adolescent clinical preventive services in family medicine and pediatric residency training programs and recommends strategies to achieve these G&Os.     

以训练计划促进医院按纲施训

提高医院履行多样化军事任务卫勤保障能力,必须按纲施训;充分发挥计划的载体作用,统一思想认识,行使机关职能;以统筹要素为重点,规范计划形式,确保计划周密科学;以计划执行为目的,加强训练督导,确保时间训足、人员训全、内容训够、效果训实。     

The School Health Innovative Programs: Integrating School Health and Managed Care in San Diego

ABSTRACT: Managed care organizations (MCOs) are being recruited to support school health services delivered in school clinics. Schools without clinics already provide numerous health services and could provide more if they had support from managed care organizations. This article describes the first two years of a San Diego-based collaborative consisting of MCOs, school districts, and other health care agencies. By establishing trust, developing overriding principles, and creating an interagency communication infrastructure, this collaborative has encouraged shared management of many student health issues. Because the agreements apply to all schools, programs can reduce high rates of absenteeism district-wide and avoid unnecessary doctor appointments for common health problems. These collaborative agreements are designed to be financially self-sustaining. However, data collection, the logistics of obtaining parental consent, and getting health professionals to communicate with each other in new ways remain to be significant challenges.     

Functions of School Nurses and Health Assistants in U.S. School Health Programs

ABSTRACT: This paper reports results from a nationwide survey of a systematic random sample of school districts. Information obtained from 482 participating districts was used to contrast roles of nurses and health assistants in school health programs throughout the country. Most districts relied heavily on nursing personnel for technically involved clinical services, but often employed health assistants to administer medications and basic first aid. Litigation was somewhat more frequently filed regarding care provided by health assistants than care by nurses or classroom personnel. But in general, health assistants were performing satisfactorily, particularly in districts where registered nurses coordinated the services and activities of health program personnel. While use of health assistants increased the past three years, school nurses were not being displaced. Just 9% of districts had downsized their nursing staff during that period. Despite the modest expansion of nursing resources, nurses reportedly were underused in health education programs of most schools. (J Sch Health. 1996;66(2):55–58)     

The Role of Mentors in Early Intervention Referrals: Overlooked Views of Pediatric Residency Training Directors

Objectives There continues to be a pressing need to increase referrals to family-centered early intervention (EI) for more eligible infants and toddlers with inadequate consideration for the role of senior, mentoring professionals. Methods To address a dearth in our understanding, a subset of Pediatric Residency Training Directors shared views on EI, referral, and relevant training efforts. Results Participating directors primarily reported limited understanding of EI. Greater knowledge of family-focused EI correlated with its perceived helpfulness (r?=?.420; p?=?.021), which positively correlated with referring a child to EI. Despite 67% of the sample viewing pediatricians as ‘most important’ in screenings and EI referrals, residents were perceived as only somewhat aware of EI referral and services, and only somewhat aware of differences between clinic options and Part C EI. Although nearly all respondents noted minimal EI exposure during training, only 43% felt this amount was ‘inadequate/insufficient’. The sample was fairly evenly divided in being ‘extremely’ or ‘somewhat’ interested in communicating with state EI leaders. Conclusions for Practice This preliminary analysis describes perceptions among senior medical professionals who may influence referrals via mentoring, training, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Findings inform next steps in terms of research, improving education for directors and residents, and collaborative information-sharing to bolster family-centered EI referrals to improve child and family outcomes.     

The Promotions of Sustainable Lunch Meals in School Feeding Programs: The Case of Italy

School is considered a privileged environment for health education and school feeding represents an opportunity for promoting sustainable foods to young generations. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate that is possible to select, from existing school menus, recipes that combine healthy foods with low environmental impact. A national sample of Italian school menus was collected and a total number of 194 recipes were included on a database containing 70 first courses, 83 s courses, 39 side dishes, 1 portion of fruit, and 1 portion of bread. A mathematical model was conceived to combine nutritional adequacy and acceptability criteria while minimizing GHGs emissions. The result is a four-week menu characterized by large vegetable components that were used not only as side dishes but also as ingredients in the first and second courses. Legumes and pasta are often included, and white meat is selected instead of red meat. The findings presented in this paper demonstrated that it is possible to design environmental-friendly meals from existing school menus. The mathematical model developed in this work has the potentiality of being completely scalable, easily updatable, and widely utilizable in different settings either for design or monitoring purposes as well as for research data collection.