食管狭窄球囊扩张及内支架治疗的应用价值

目的 评价食管狭窄的球囊扩张及内支架置入的临床应用价值。方法 28例食管狭窄。9例食管良性狭窄，行单纯球扩张治疗。19例食管恶性狭窄中16例置入了金属内支架，3例应用了球囊扩张治疗。结果 内支架置入后再次出现吞咽困难5例(31％)食道良性狭窄球囊扩张后均能进善食。结论 球囊扩张及内支架置入术，能够改善患者进食状况，是治疗食管狭窄的有效方法。     

无X线监视内镜下单次双食管覆膜支架置入术:附24例晚期食管癌的治疗

目的探讨无X线监视的内镜下单次双食管覆膜支架置入术治疗晚期食管癌的操作方法和临床效果。方法对24例肿瘤狭窄长度≥12cm的晚期食管癌患者采用内镜下单次置入2枚食管覆膜支架,所有操作均未采用X线监视。观察指标包括操作成功率、吞咽困难缓解和复发情况、并发症发生率以及患者术后3、6个月生存率。结果 24例患者共置入支架48枚,操作成功率100%。术后吞咽困难分级均下降1～3级,支架置入术后平均130d(38～225d)吞咽困难复发,10例(41.7%)患者术后出现胸骨后疼痛,1例(4.2%)发生支架移位。术后3、6个月生存率分别为83.3%、33.3%。结论无X线监视的内镜下支架置入术是安全可行的,单次双食管覆膜支架置入术可缓解晚期超长食管癌引起的吞咽困难,有效封堵癌性瘘,改善患者生存质量和生存期。     

食道覆膜支架与扩张治疗食管恶性狭窄的疗效比较

目的比较单纯扩张疗法与放置食管覆膜支架疗法治疗食管恶性狭窄的疗效。方法 68例食管恶性狭窄患者,按照自愿原则分为扩张组36例和支架组32例,扩张组置入沙氏扩张探条,支架组置入镍钛记忆合金食道覆膜支架,随访观察治疗后8周的疗效。结果支架置入组显效28例、有效3例、无效1例;单纯扩张组显效17例、有效8例、无效11例,两组总有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论食管恶性狭窄置入覆膜支架的疗效优于单纯扩张。     

食管狭窄内支架置入术后的评价

目的:观察食管狭窄患者置入金属内支架后的疗效和并发症。方法:28例食管狭窄置入了内支架,有较完整的随访资料。26例恶性食管狭窄在置入内支架前后均作了放疗和化疗。2例贲门失弛缓症患者球囊扩张后置入支架。内支架置入类型:国产镍钛记忆合金硅胶膜被覆支架27例,Ultreflex支架(美国)1例。结果:1例支架轻度移位,但仍能覆盖病变全长。食管恶性狭窄11例死亡,术后生存时间4～27个月,平均13个月。死亡原因:肿瘤多脏器转移9例,肺部感染1例,其它1例。恶性食管狭窄内支架置入后未发生再狭窄。2例贲门失弛缓患者置入支架后支架上端发生再狭窄,均作了球囊扩张治疗。结论:中晚期食管癌内支架置入是解除吞咽困难有效的姑息治疗方法,应用带膜支架和同时行放、化疗可防止因肿瘤生长而发生再狭窄,延缓患者生命。良性狭窄并发症高,病例选择需慎重。     

食管狭窄球囊扩张及内支架治疗的护理研究

目的：探讨食管良、恶性狭窄的球囊扩张和内支架治疗的护理方法，观察研究其并发症的护理。方法：对156例食管良、恶性狭窄患者行球囊扩张及置入内支架治疗。其中12例食管良性狭窄行单纯球囊扩张治疗，1例化学灼伤后食管自发性破裂并发纵隔脓肿及脓胸，采用可回收式记忆合金覆盖膜网状支架治疗；143例食管恶性狭窄中，134例置入了金属内支架，9例做了球囊扩张治疗。结果：食管恶性狭窄随访1-48个月，术后生存时间1-33个月，平均8.9个月。食管良性狭窄随访5-61个月，仍能进普食。结论：科学规范的护理措施提保证手术成功和支架长期通畅的关键。     

食道癌性狭窄并食管-气管瘘内支架置入术护理体会

食道癌性狭窄可引起进食障碍，若合并食管气管瘘，患者往往因营养衰竭和肺部感染而死亡。食道内支架置入治疗食道狭窄并食管气管瘘具有操作简单，创伤小，并发症少，对解除狭窄，控制呛咳起到立竿见影的效果。我院2002-2006年收治5例食管重度癌性狭窄并食管气管瘘病人，经内支架置入术后疗效满意，提高了患者的生活质量，延长了生存期。     

食管内支架置入前行球囊预扩张的价值评价

目的:评价球囊预扩张在食管内支架置入术中的应用价值。方法:139例食管狭窄患者,随机分成对照组与试验组,对照组71例在内支架置入前先常规行球囊预扩张,试验组68例不行球囊预扩张,而是直接行内支架置入术。分别于术后即刻、第3天、第7天行食管造影检查观察内支架的位置与膨胀情况。结果:内支架均一次性置入成功,对照组与试验组术后即刻、第3天、第7天内支架的完全膨胀率分别为50.7%、91.5%、97.2%与4.4%、91.2%、98.5%。结论:在食管内支架置入术中,不必常规行球囊预扩张。     

X线下球囊扩张及食管支架置入术治疗食管贲门狭窄的疗效

目的:探讨X线下球囊扩张及食管支架置入术治疗食管贲门狭窄的临床效果。方法:研究对象为63例在2017年5月到2018年5月期间,随机抽取的我院收治的食管狭窄患者,63例患者均在X线下通过哑铃型气囊食道狭窄扩张器扩张狭窄管腔,并置入钛镍合金带膜记忆支架,观察患者临床治疗效果。结果:63例患者经过128次扩张,支架植入61例,2例患者因导丝无法成功穿过而置入失败,一次成功率为96.83%。食管狭窄的主要症状表现为吞咽困难、呛咳等,患者并发症主要表现为疼痛、大便隐血等主要的临床病症和症状,但未威胁患者生命安全。结论:X线下放置镍钛记忆合金带膜食管支架为不能手术或不能耐受,为传统开胸手术患者提供一条可行的治疗方法,具有积极的推广意义。     

记忆镍钛合金支架治疗食道癌性狭窄患者的护理体会

我院自 1996年 11月开始实施食道支架置入术治疗食道癌性狭窄患者5 2例 ,改善了患者的进食及营养状况 ,提高了患者的生存质量 ,特别适用于晚期食道癌无手术指征者、食道癌术后吻合口狭窄及肺癌压迫食道狭窄等[1] 。现将护理体会介绍如下。1　资料与方法1 1　临床资料　本组 5 2例中男 3 2例 ,女 2 0例 ,40～ 78岁 ,平均 5 6岁。1 2　支架置入方法　通过胃镜或X线造影来确定病变范围和长度 ,以准确选择支架长度 ,支架两端不超过病变1～ 1 5cm。患者取侧卧位 ,摘除义齿 ,放上牙托 ,先下导丝 ,然后沿导丝下气囊导管扩张狭窄段 ,扩张直径以支架…     

食道支架置入术29例的护理

目的 探讨食道支架置入术治疗食管良恶性狭窄的临床效果和护理方法.方法 对29例食管良恶性狭窄患者采用食道支架置入术治疗,并实施相应护理.结果 29例患者术后食管狭窄改善,均恢复进食.结论 食道支架置入术能很好的解决食管癌患者食道狭窄引起的吞咽空难,必要的护理和健康教育是决定手术成功,减少术后并发症,提高患者生存质量的有效保证.     

带膜支架治疗食管恶性狭窄与食管支气管瘘的临床观察

目的评价自膨胀式带膜支架治疗晚期食管癌并发食管恶性狭窄或食管支气管瘘临床应用价值。方法对48例晚期食管癌在X线电视监视下置入自膨胀式带膜支架,其中食管恶性狭窄39例,食管气管(支气管)瘘9例。结果 48例中47例置入成功,1例下胸段食管癌因患有胃扭转置入支架失败。全部病例术后吞咽功能立即得到改善,并发食管—支气管瘘患者呛咳消失。全部病例术后出现胸痛、胸部异物感,症状多在1周内消失。1例术后出现呼吸困难,为左主支气管受压所致。8例于术后3～7个月发生再狭窄。本组47例术后平均生存期近7个月。结论自膨胀式带膜支架治疗晚期食管癌临床应用简单易行、安全可靠,有效提高生存期,临床应用前景广阔。     

Causes and treatment of recurrent dysphagia after self-expanding metal stent placement for palliation of esophageal carcinoma

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Recurrent dysphagia frequently complicates the palliative treatment of esophageal cancer with self-expanding metal stents. Strategies for repeat interventions and subsequent outcomes have not been adequately reported to date. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 216 patients underwent placement of a self-expanding metal stent (Ultraflex, n = 75; Flamingo Wallstent, n = 71; Z-stent, n = 70) for malignant dysphagia, and were followed up prospectively. The causes of stent-related recurrent dysphagia, the intervals after first stent placement, and the procedures used for repeat intervention and their outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Seventy-four episodes of stent-related recurrent dysphagia occurred in 63 patients (29 %), mainly due to tumor overgrowth (n = 30; median 129 days), stent migration (n = 26; median 92 days) and food bolus obstruction (n = 16; median 80 days). Stent migration occurred more frequently ( P = 0.05), whereas tumor overgrowth occurred less frequently ( P = 0.05) with Ultraflex stents in comparison with Flamingo Wallstents and Z-stents. Tumor overgrowth was treated in 25 patients mainly by a second stent (n = 19) and was effective in 23 of the 25 patients (92 %). Five patients received no further treatment. Stent migration was treated by placing a second stent (n = 14), repositioning the migrated stent (n = 7), other treatments (n = 3), or no further treatment (n = 2), and treatment was effective in 20 of 24 (83 %) patients. Food bolus obstruction was treated by endoscopic stent clearance in all patients. Repeat intervention for stent-related recurrent dysphagia improved the dysphagia score from a median of 3 to 1 ( P < 0.001). The median survival period after repeat treatment was 68 days. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent dysphagia occurs in almost one-third of patients after stent placement. Repeat interventions for stent-related recurrent dysphagia are effective in over 90 % of patients. New innovations in stent design are needed to reduce the risk of stent-related recurrent dysphagia.     

食管内支架置入术联合放射治疗晚期食管癌临床探讨

目的 评价食管内支架置入术联合放射治疗晚期食管癌的临床可行性和疗效。方法 67例晚期食管癌伴狭窄患者分别行食管内支架置入术和支架联合放射治疗,比较食管内支架置入术组（A组）和食管内支架置入术联合放射治疗组（B组）患者的生存率和并发症发生率。结果 A组3、6、9、12个月的生存率分别为86.05％、67.53％、39.77％、14.71％;B组分别为87.49％、72.58％、53.14％、30.04％,两组差异无显著性（P=0.1562）,并发症总体发生率B组高于A组,A组再狭窄,返流性食管炎发生率明显高于B组（P〈0.05）。结论 晚期食管癌伴狭窄患者支架置入术联合放射治疗未能明显提高生存率,但降低了狭窄和返流性食管炎的发生率。     

暂时性金属支架扩张与水囊扩张治疗食管、贲门癌术后吻合口良性狭窄的对比研究

搞要:目的探讨暂时性金属支架扩张治疗食管、贲门癌术后吻合口良性狭窄的远期疗效。方法支架扩张组16例,置入支架1周后取出,定期随访,如再次出现狭窄,重复支架扩张;水囊扩张组15例,水囊扩张1次,1周后再次水囊扩张1次,定期随访,再度出现狭窄则重复水囊扩张。两组均随访治疗1a。结果支架扩张组1个月内仍能正常进食者占87.4%(14/16);而水囊扩张组1个月内能正常进食者占26.7%(4/15)。支架扩张组因再度狭窄在1a内重复支架治疗平均每例2.75次(包括首次);而水囊扩张组因再度狭窄在1a内重复水囊扩张治疗平均每例9.40次(包括首次)。结论暂时性金属支架扩张在治疗食管、贲门癌术后吻合口良性狭窄的远期疗效方面明显优于水囊扩张。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管环周早癌的临床分析（附38例报告）

目的评价内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗食管环周早癌的有效性、安全性和术后并发症情况。方法回顾性分析郑州大学第一附属医院2018年-2020年38例行ESD治疗食管环周早癌的患者的临床资料,按术后食管狭窄的治疗方式分为术后直接置入支架组(n=6)、未置入支架组(n=26)和因ESD术后狭窄定期扩张后再置入支架组(n=6)。结果环周缺损长度平均4.5 cm;术中穿孔1例、术后迟发性出血1例、术后发热5例、术后食管狭窄行扩张治疗中发生穿孔1例,术后穿孔的1例并发食管纵隔瘘,经保守治疗后好转。食管狭窄为其最常见的并发症,发生率为100.0%。患者平均住院8.6 d,平均手术时间186.8 min。ESD术后直接置入支架组的术后首次扩张时间及平均扩张间隔明显长于未置入支架组,因ESD术后狭窄定期扩张后再置入支架组置入后平均扩张间隔明显长于置入支架前,组间和组内比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。平均随访时间507.0 d,患者无复发。结论 ESD治疗食管环周早癌是安全、有效的,虽然术后食管狭窄不可避免,但行食管扩张术或预防性支架置入/中途支架置入均能明显缓解狭窄进程,具有较良好的临床应用价值。     

Factors influencing clinical applications of endoscopic balloon dilation for benign esophageal strictures

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and clinical effectiveness of a controlled radial expansion (CRE) balloon catheter in dilating benign esophageal strictures, and to assess factors influencing the effectiveness of this procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From February 2000 to June 2002, 25 patients with documented benign esophageal strictures at our hospital were enrolled and treated with CRE balloon dilation. There were 17 men and eight women, with ages ranging from 30 to 82 years. The average age of the enrolled patients was 56.1 years. All of the strictures were dilated using CRE dilators under direct visualization, without fluoroscopic monitoring. The dilation diameters were planned in series up to 15 mm using a "rule of three". If dysphagia and esophageal strictures recurred during the clinical follow-up after completion of a series of dilations, additional dilation was carried out until symptomatic relief was achieved. Effective treatment was defined as the ability of patients with or without repeated dilations to maintain a solid or semisolid diet for more than 12 months. Depending on the effectiveness and duration of treatment, the patients were divided into three groups: group A, the successful group in which the initial series of dilations was effective without the need for any additional dilation for recurrent strictures or dysphagia; group B, the relapse group, in which the initial series of dilations was effective, but additional dilations were needed due to recurrent strictures or dysphagia; and group C, the group in which the initial series of dilations failed or consecutive dilations could not be carried out due to intolerance. RESULTS: The 25 patients received a total of 95 sessions of dilation (3.8 +/- 1.2 sessions per patient). There were 11 patients in group A, 11 patients in group B, and three patients in group C. The median follow-up period was 16.5 months (range 12 - 32 months). The number of initial dilations required to achieve symptomatic relief showed a negative correlation with the pre-dilation diameter of the strictures ( r = - 0.92, P < 0.01). Thinner strictures required more dilations before symptomatic relief was achieved. In addition, the stricture length in group B (5.4 +/- 3.4 cm) was significantly longer than that in group A (2.6 +/- 1.1 cm) ( P = 0.009). The overall success rate was 88 % (22 of 25), including 100 % in the 21 patients with a stricture length of less than 8 cm and 25 % in the four patients with a stricture length more than 8 cm ( P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: CRE balloon dilation without fluoroscopy is an effective treatment for esophageal strictures less than 8 cm in length. Pre-dilation diameter and stricture length are factors that influence the numbers of dilations required and the need for additional dilations.     

Balloon dilation is preferable to bougienage in children with esophageal atresia

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Esophageal strictures are a common problem after surgical repair in children with esophageal atresia. The traditional procedure in these patients is dilation using bougie dilators, usually controlled fluoroscopically or endoscopically. Nowadays, an alternative technique is balloon-catheter dilation. The aim of this study was to report our experience with pneumatic balloon dilation and to compare this method with previously performed bougienage with regard to efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over 16 years, 34 patients who developed symptomatic strictures were encountered at our institution. In the first 9 years 12 patients underwent 178 bougienages (group C). In the last 7 years six patients who had undergone 202 previous bougienages (group B), and 16 patients who had undergone no bougienages (group A), underwent 52 dilations. The dilation was carried out under intravenous sedation using a combination of midazolam and etomidate. The balloon was placed in the stricture endoscopically and the procedure was performed under fluoroscopic and endoscopic control. RESULTS: In all patients the dilation was effective and involved minimal trauma. The strictures required 1 to 7 procedures (median 2) over a maximum of 18 months (median 3 months) for a good treatment result. The complications observed were two perforations, one of them with pneumothorax (both treated conservatively), and two compressions of the trachea (interruption of the procedure, but efficient dilation was eventually achieved). The method was more effective than bougienage (1 to 60 bougienages were required per patient, median 9). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with traditional bougienage, balloon dilation of esophageal strictures is less traumatic and more effective. Complications are rare and can be managed conservatively. In our opinion this procedure is the appropriate treatment for strictures, even in very small infants, after repair of esophageal atresia.     

普通胃镜联合X线直视下胃十二指肠支架置放术的临床应用

目的探讨经普通胃镜联合x线直视下金属支架置入术治疗胃出口、十二指肠恶性梗阻的临床价值。方法回顾分析22例胃出口、十二指肠恶性梗阻患者,经内镜钳道置入导丝。胃镜联合X线监视下置入并释放自膨式金属肠道支架。结果22例患者共置入金属支架26例次,成功25例次,其中4例患者因肿瘤生长致支架堵塞或移位而再次置入;1例胰腺癌并十二指肠水平段梗阻梗阻患者支架放置不成功,成功率为96．15％。支架置入后内镜和透视造影检查示支架均定位准确、通畅。5例有少量出血,对症治疗效果良好;无消化道穿孔及其他支架置人相关等并发症。25例次支架放置24h后梗阻症状得到缓解或消除;平均生存期为7．2个月。结论结合x线操作经内镜放置金属支架治疗胃出口、十二指肠恶性梗阻可提高置入成功率,具有简化操作、准确定位、减少相关并发症的优点。     

球囊扩张术在小儿食道狭窄及贲门失弛缓中的应用分析

目的比较球囊扩张术(EBD)治疗小儿食道狭窄及贲门失弛缓的疗效,分析预后影响因素。方法 2012年1月-2014年12月共28例患儿纳入研究。其中,食道狭窄22例,贲门失弛缓6例,利用扩张球囊进行治疗。结果 28例患儿共接受57次球囊扩张术,随访12~36个月,28例全部成功。其中,23例患儿症状完全缓解(82.14%),4例患儿部分缓解(14.28%),1例无效(3.57%),1例复发(3.57%)。治疗成功率、有效率、并发症发生率及复发率两组患儿比较差异无统计学意义。食道狭窄患儿中,多个狭窄患儿并发症较单个狭窄患儿多,狭窄直径越小并发症越多,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗效果与狭窄直径和狭窄个数显著相关(P0.05)。贲门失弛缓组患儿中,发病年龄及明确诊断前症状持续的时间均对EBD治疗效果没有显著影响。结论 EBD是小儿食道狭窄及贲门失弛缓安全有效的治疗手段;狭窄直径和狭窄个数是影响食道狭窄治疗效果最重要的因素,而第一次球囊扩张与食道闭锁手术之间的时间则是术后食道狭窄患儿最重要的影响因素。     

内镜下放置食管支架与气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效观察

目的对内镜下放置食管支架与气囊扩张术治疗贲门失迟缓症的疗效进行观察与研究。方法选取24例贲门失驰缓症者给予内镜下食管支架植入术,于同期选取21例实施气囊扩张术的贲门失驰缓症者进行对比研究,且对两种手术方案、总体症状评分、钡餐检查和手术并发症及复发率等进行观察,然后将所得数据进行统计学处理分析。结果放置食管支架术者总体症状评分和钡餐检查结果均优于气囊扩张术(P<0.05),但食管支架术并发症发生率高于气囊扩张术(P<0.05),随访结果显示食管支架术手术方案复发率低于气囊扩张术手术(P<0.05)。结论内镜下放置食管支架术疗效优于气囊扩张术,进一步加强食管支架手术研究、不断提高操作技术、改进支架性能对提高手术疗效可起到事半功倍的效果。