MRI对膝骨关节炎的早期诊断意义

对膝骨关节炎的研究显示,在软骨发生形态学改变之前,已经存在蛋白多糖和水含量的变化及表层胶原纤维定向排列的改变。MRI作为一种多参数影像学检查方法,通过应用弥散加权成像、质子密度地图成像、延迟动态增强成像、23Na 谱成像、T2Mapping成像等新的成像技术,不仅可以精确显示关节软骨的病理变化,而且可以在软骨发生病理形态学改变之前及时发现其基质成分变化,从而对膝骨关节炎的软骨损害进行早期诊断。随着设备软硬件技术的不断提高,MRI将在膝骨关节炎的早期诊断和疗效量化评判方面有广泛的应用前景。     

磁共振诊断HIV相关进行性多灶性脑白质病的研究进展

进行性多灶性脑白质病(progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy,PML)是一种中枢神经系统脱髓鞘性疾病,主要发生于获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)俗称艾滋病患者,病变发展较为复杂,临床表现也多种多样,死亡率高,因此早期发现及精确诊断对治疗有很大意义。本文对艾滋病相关进行性多灶性脑白质病的病理、临床特点及磁共振(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)表现作简要综述。     

膝关节色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎MRI分析

目的：探讨色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎（PVNS）的病理改变及MRI特点,分析MRI对其的诊断价值。材料与方法：对13例MRI检查并经手术病理证实的色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的病例进行回顾性分析。结果：MRI表现：滑膜增厚（12／13）;关节内多发大小不等异常信号结节（13／13）;软骨及骨质破坏（7／13）;继发关节退行性变（6／13）;关节腔少量积液（10／13）等。结论：色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎病理及MRI具有特征性表现,MRI在色素沉着绒毛结节性滑膜炎的诊断与鉴别诊断方面价值较大。     

脑性瘫痪MRI研究进展

MRI技术是目前明确脑部结构损伤的重要诊断技术,对确定脑瘫的病理类型、病因及损伤时间有重要意义,其改变与脑瘫类型、出生胎龄、病因及损伤时间密切相关。作者就不同类型脑瘫的MRI影像学改变及其与出生胎龄、损伤时间、病因相关性的研究进展做一综述。     

Reducing Anesthesia Use for Pediatric Magnetic Resonance Imaging: The Effects of a Patient- and Family-Centered Intervention on Image Quality,Health-care Costs,and Operational Efficiency

Children with complex medical problems who require anesthesia are known to be at risk for acute adverse physiologic events related to anesthesia. The risks of anesthesia include short- and long-term psychological and neurobehavioral issues. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as the standard of care for diagnosis and follow-up of many conditions, and more children are being subjected to anesthesia to ensure acceptable motion-free image quality of the MRI scans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an anesthesia-free patient- and family-centered intervention through an analysis of MRI quality, health-care costs, and operational efficiency as compared with other approaches. This study retrospectively reviewed patient data extracted from electronic medical records of children aged 3-17 years, who underwent outpatient MRI at an urban academic medical center from 2015 to 2016. A total matched sample size of 500 children, 125 per group, was used to investigate the outcome variables including the quality of magnetic resonance image, health-care cost, and procedural time. The groups included are as follows: (1) intervention group, patient- and family-centered preparation of the child, and no anesthesia given (PFC/NA); (2) comparison group, no structured preparation, and no anesthesia given (SC/NA); (3) comparison group, certified child life specialist preparation, and anesthesia given (CCLS/A); (4) comparison group, no structured preparation, anesthesia given (SC/A). The PFC/NA intervention group was found to have significantly lower costs (p < .0001) and shorter procedure times (p < .0001), and 96.8% of the MRI images were of acceptable or better quality than those of the SC/A and CCLS/A groups. The PFC approach provides a way for children to undergo outpatient diagnostic MRI without the need for anesthesia, thus reducing risk, costs, and procedure time.     

康复治疗对脑卒中后脑网络运动功能重塑的磁共振研究进展

随着脑卒中后运动功能障碍研究的不断深入,功能磁共振成像(fMRI)受到广泛关注.脑卒中后皮质下病灶影响附近或远端相关脑区,导致运动功能障碍.镜像神经元疗法、重复性经颅磁、经颅电刺激可通过无创方式激活大脑皮质相关区域,恢复大脑半球之间的平衡,对全脑网络环路有调节作用,但经颅电刺激缺乏A级证据.针灸虽能广泛调节全脑功能网络...