临床实习护生人文关怀需求的质性研究

[目的]了解临床实习护生对人文关怀的需求,为培养护生人文关怀能力提供参考依据.[方法]对11名护生进行深度访谈,应用现象学研究方法对资料进行整理分析并提炼主题.[结果]护生人文关怀需求呈现3个主题：知识技能获取与临床应用能力需求;人际关系与沟通能力需求;男护生的独特关怀需求.[结论]带教老师应针对护生的人文关怀需求以及影响护生人际关系及沟通能力的因素,采用新型带教方法,实施人文关怀;重视对男护生人文关怀的实施.     

临床实习护生人文关怀需求的质性研究

[目的]了解临床实习护生对人文关怀的需求,为培养护生人文关怀能力提供参考依据。[方法]对11名护生进行深度访谈,应用现象学研究方法对资料进行整理分析并提炼主题。[结果]护生人文关怀需求呈现3个主题:知识技能获取与临床应用能力需求;人际关系与沟通能力需求;男护生的独特关怀需求。[结论]带教老师应针对护生的人文关怀需求以及影响护生人际关系及沟通能力的因素,采用新型带教方法,实施人文关怀;重视对男护生人文关怀的实施。     

护生对待死亡及临终关怀态度的调查

目的了解护生对待死亡及临终关怀的态度,为护理专业开展相关教育提供依据。方法 2013年9月选取华中科技大学护理系本科及专科护生519名,采用死亡及临终关怀态度问卷进行调查。内容包括对个人死亡及濒死的态度、对患者死亡及濒死的态度、对临终关怀照护的态度、认为自己了解临终关怀学和认为自己有必要学习临终关怀知识5个主题,共13个条目。结果所调查护生总体具有较积极的死亡观和临终关怀照护态度,但在心理、知识和技能方面尚不能满足临终关怀服务的需求。不同性别、学历和家庭背景护生对待死亡及临终关怀的态度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);是否学习过临终关怀课程及参加临床护理实习对护生了解临终关怀学有显著性影响(P<0.01),但对护生对待死亡及临终关怀的态度无显著性影响。结论目前关于死亡及临终关怀教育有待改进,强化理论知识的同时应注重对护生心理素质和技能的培养,根据护生不同性别、学历和家庭背景实施不同的死亡与临床关怀教育,有助于提升护生的专业水平。     

护生对待死亡及临终关怀态度的调查分析

目的了解护生对待死亡及临终关怀的态度,为护理专业开展相关教育提供依据。方法 2013年9月选取华中科技大学护理系本科及专科护生519名,采用死亡及临终关怀态度问卷进行调查。内容包括对个人死亡及濒死的态度、对患者死亡及濒死的态度、对临终关怀照护的态度、认为自己了解临终关怀学和认为自己有必要学习临终关怀知识5个主题,共13个条目。结果所调查护生总体具有较积极的死亡观和临终关怀照护态度,但在心理、知识和技能方面尚不能满足临终关怀服务的需求。不同性别、学历和家庭背景护生对待死亡及临终关怀的态度比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01);是否学习过临终关怀课程及参加临床护理实习对护生了解临终关怀学有显著性影响(P0.01),但对护生对待死亡及临终关怀的态度无显著性影响。结论目前关于死亡及临终关怀教育有待改进,强化理论知识的同时应注重对护生心理素质和技能的培养,根据护生不同性别、学历和家庭背景实施不同的死亡与临床关怀教育,有助于提升护生的专业水平。     

实习护生核心能力与一般自我效能感现状及其相关性

目的：调查实习护生的核心能力与一般自我效能感的状况,并探讨两者间的相关性,为制定提高实习护生核心能力对策提供参考。方法：采用护士核心能力量表、一般自我效能感量表对天津市某三所三级甲等医院实习护生280例进行问卷调查。结果：实习护生核心能力得分为（123.25±30.84）分,一般自我效能感得分为（27.37±5.22）分,实习护生核心能力与一般自我效能感呈正相关（r=0.557）,有统计学意义(P＜0.01)。结论：实习护生核心能力处于中等偏下水平,一般自我效能感处于中等水平,实习护生核心能力与一般自我效能感呈正相关,护理教育者和管理者可通过提高实习护生的一般自我效能感提高其核心能力。     

“90后”实习护生人文关怀能力现状调查及对影响因素的带教策略探讨

[目的]调查"90后"实习护生人文关怀能力现状,并分析其影响因素,对"90后"实习护生人文关怀能力的带教提供参考建议。[方法]采用文献回顾法、一般资料调查问卷和黄弋冰编制的人文关怀能力量表对225名临床实习护生进行问卷调查工作。[结果]"90后"实习护生人文关怀能力总分为72.63分±6.50分。采用多元逐步回归分析结果表明,与父母双亲关系的融洽程度、实习时间、带教老师的人文关怀能力、选择护理专业的原因、带教老师对你("90后"实习护生)的关心程度是影响"90后"实习护生人文关怀能力的主要影响因素。[结论]"90后"实习护生人文关怀能力处于中间水平,影响因素是多方面的,认为应在带教中加强"90后"实习护生带教老师的人文关怀意识、提升带教老师的人文关怀技能、强化"90后"实习护生在整个实习期尤其在实习后期的人文关怀氛围影响和能力培训有助于提高其人文关怀能力水平。     

患者对本科护生实习评价的现象学研究

目的探讨住院患者对本科实习护生的评价和对护理的需求，为护理管理者及护理教育者制订本科护理教育方案提供依据。方法研究者参考文献设计访谈提纲，对10名住院患者进行了深入访谈，对访谈内容加以录音之后整理，然后进行阅读、反思、编码分析及提炼主题。结果患者对护生的评价可以归为6个主题：即态度问题、临床护理技能、对患者病情的了解、护生的知识面、对患者的健康教育、沟通与合作能力。结论患者对护生的评价有其侧重点，患者对护生各方面的评价较高。     

临近就业实习护生职业决策自我效能的调查

目的调查临近就业实习护生职业决策自我效能的水平及特点,为其职业辅导提供针对性指导。方法采用便利抽样法,使用一般资料采集表和大学生职业决策自我效能量表对100名临近就业实习护生进行问卷调查。分析不同特征实习护生职业决策自我效能差异。结果本组实习护生职业决策自我效能总分为(118.05±25.10)分;女实习护生职业决策自我效能得分高于男实习护生(t=2.941,P=0.004);有兼职经历的实习护生职业决策自我效能高于无兼职经历实习护生(t=3.168,P=0.002);实习护生职业决策自我效能总分在对实习医院满意度方面差异无统计学意义(F=2.867,P=0.062)。结论临近就业实习护生职业决策自我效能整体水平偏低,建议高校开展相关职业辅导及培训,以提高其职业决策自我效能。     

基于成功能力模型临床带教法在本科实习护生临床能力培养中的应用

目的：探讨基于成功能力模型临床带教法在本科实习护生临床能力培养中的应用效果。方法选取在我院实习本科护生99名为研究对象,按实习时间段分组,2013年7月—2014年3月实习2009级51名本科护生为对照组,2014年7月—2015年3月实习2010级48名本科护生为观察组。观察比较2组本科实习护生实习结束末临床能力自我评价、出科理论及技能操作成绩。结果观察组临床能力总分及各维度得分均高于对照组（P<0.01）;观察组出科理论成绩及技能操作成绩均分高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论基于成功能力模型临床带教法,加强护生态度、知识、技能的全面培养,提高本科实习护生临床能力,使其更好地适应护理学科及临床护理的需求。     

基于死亡教育的本科护生实习期经历患者死亡体验的质性研究

目的 探讨本科护生临床实习期间经历患者死亡的体验和感受,为学校和临床开展护生的死亡教育提供参考依据.方法 采用描述性质性研究方法,通过目的抽样法,以最大变异策略选取13名直面患者死亡的临床实习护生进行面对面半结构深入访谈,运用内容分析法进行资料分析,整理、归纳并提炼主题.结果 经资料分析提炼出3个主题:直面患者死亡的情...     

Cognitive integration in health professions education: Development and implementation of a collaborative learning workshop in an undergraduate nursing program

Cognitive integration is integral to health professions education as it facilitates the ability to synthesize various types of knowledge and apply them in a clinical context. Nursing education is one main field of study that is subsumed under the umbrella of health professions education. Future nurses require learning, not just of skills but also of the knowledge that underpins those skills. They need to be able to cognitively integrate various forms of content and skills so that they can translate them to actual patient management and care during clinical practice. Several educational strategies have been implemented and have been shown to be effective in promoting cognitive integration in health professions learners, both individually and as a group. One of these strategies is collaborative learning. This study describes how a developed collaborative learning workshop was implemented to aid cognitive integration in year 1 undergraduate nursing students prior to their clinical postings. It also looks into the perceptions of students through qualitative findings from focus group discussions. Generated themes include ‘integrating and bridging knowledge for practice’, ‘having tutors with different and complementing expertise’, ‘preparing mindsets by clear objectives’ and ‘timing and case variability’.     

A specialization course for clinical tutors: experience of the specialty course no. III at the University Campus of Biomedicine, Rome, Italy

Clinical tutoring meant as guidance and support for the achievement of professional competency (which includes attitudes, knowledge, and skills) has proved itself as a critical opportunity for nursing students' clinical learning. The tutor's skill develops itself especially through the acquisition of clinical and psychopedagogical expertise unquestionably necessary to meet students' educational needs. For the third year the Università "Campus Bio-Medico" di Roma, has started a Specialisation course for Clinical Tutors. The course objective is to achieve psychopedagogical, clinical, ethical and managerial competency. Although the course always maintains the same cultural, methodological, and managerial setting, each year it develops different key aspect linked to the participants' interests and educational needs. In fact, the students as active participants of their learning and well aware of the tutors' role, determine themselves such objectives. This paper is based on the principal themes of this year's course as they have been discussed and developed in final papers by the students.     

An analysis of clinical teacher behaviour in a nursing practicum in Taiwan

Aim and objectives. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the teaching behaviours (knowledge, attitudes and skills) observed in nurse educators as they taught in the clinical setting. Background. Many quantitative studies have defined and evaluated teaching effectiveness in the clinical area. Some of these studies established instruments to evaluate faculty effectiveness in the clinical setting; however, they tended to be so broad that they were of limited use in understanding clinical teaching behaviours in nursing education. Design. This study explored clinical teaching behaviours in a nursing practicum. Ten nurse educators taught 10 students in the medical–surgical unit at a hospital in Taiwan for about four weeks. Each teacher was observed by the researcher and one other observer for two days during regularly scheduled clinical teaching time. Methods. Data collection and analysis were done by a qualitative approach. Content analysis is a process of identifying, coding and categorizing the themes in the data. Conclusion. The themes of clinical teaching that emerged from data analysis included teaching aims (task‐oriented and learner‐centred), teacher competence (teacher knowledge, instructional strategies, planning learning experience, teaching priorities, feedback and caring) and teaching commitment (professional identity and giving of self). These findings offer a holistic blueprint of clinical teaching for nursing faculty members, which will enhance the quality of nursing education. Relevance to clinical practice. Complexity in nursing education has increased as it is challenged to meet the needs of diverse populations in rapidly evolving and highly technical health‐care settings. Clinical teachers must be enabled and empowered to provide students with appropriate knowledge and skills to meet the needs of patients. To develop students’ professional nursing identity now and in the future, nurse educators have to commit themselves to both nursing and teaching in clinical settings. More nurses need to be prepared for careers in education at the master's and doctoral levels.     

Nursing education in Taiwan: the current situation and prospects for the future

Two factors which have a close bearing on nursing education are social and technological change. How nursing education meets social needs and how nursing students are best equipped with professional knowledge, attitudes, and skills in a rapidly changing society have become important issues. The purposes of this paper are to describe the current state of nursing education and to identify problems that need to be solved, including the complexity of the educational system, the quality and quantity of nursing manpower, the degree of compatibility between the aims of education and future social needs, the quality of nursing educators, courses and course delivery, and the clinical competence of nursing graduates. Based on the paradigm shifts of International Medical Care and higher education described by McBride, several suggestions for future educational reform are proposed, including simplifying the educational system, improving the development of both the quality and quantity of nursing manpower, matching educational aims with future social needs, bridging the gap between theory and clinical practice, promoting both instructional and clinical skills among nursing educators and enhancing the ability of graduates to deal with a contingency strain. It is expected that in order to meet the challenges presented by a rapidly changing society, nursing educators will have to develop a mixed role including clinical proficiency, outstanding research skills, and excellent leadership skills.     

Nursing students’ experiences with patient death and palliative and end-of-life care: A systematic review and meta-synthesis

AimTo synthesise the experiences of nursing students encountering patient death and caring for patients under palliative care or at end-of-life and their families in clinical settingsBackgroundNurses are pivotal in caring for dying patients and families. It has been reported that nursing students feel unprepared in caring for dying patients and handling patient death. Understanding their experiences would better inform how palliative care education can be improved and how students can be better supported in clinical settings.DesignA qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesisMethodsPubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ProQuest and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed articles and theses/dissertations published between 1 January 2012–25 Feb 2023. Qualitative studies of any design reporting nursing students’ experiences of patient death, caring for patients under palliative care, at end-of-life, or with time-limiting diseases in clinical settings in English were included. Study quality was evaluated using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Data were synthesised using Sandelowski and Barroso’s 2-step framework through a meta-summary using thematic analysis, which were then integrated into meta-syntheses using an event timeline.ResultsThe review included 71 studies from 26 countries (n = 1586 nursing students). The meta-summary contained 8 themes and 23 subthemes: (1) Communication experience with patients and families, (2) Satisfaction with care provided to patients and families, (3) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on death and dying, (4) Perceptions of death and dying, (5) Impact of death, (6) Nursing education on palliative end-of-life care, (7) Support systems and coping methods, (8) Learning outcomes. The meta-synthesis depicted nursing students' experiences before, during and after encountering dying patients, families and patient death. Suggestions for nursing faculty and clinical staff on how they could equip students with necessary skills and knowledge and support them in clinical settings were also provided.ConclusionsWhile caring for dying patients and families was beneficial to nursing students' learning and professional development, they encountered many challenges. Governments, clinical and academic nursing leaders must prioritise the integration of palliative care content into the curricula across nursing schools in face of increasing palliative and end-of-life care needs in patients. Nursing schools should ensure that students are adequately prepared by designing culturally and socioeconomically relevant curricula, integrating theoretical and experiential learning and offering students a thorough understanding of palliative and end-of-life care. Clinical staff and nursing instructors should support students emotionally and guide them in patient care.     

Involving Undergraduate Nursing Students in Participatory Health Research: Implications from the Netherlands

Internationally, there are increasing initiatives that involve undergraduate nursing students as co-researchers. This paper discusses the inclusion of final year undergraduate nursing students as co-researchers in participatory health studies. It reports on a large-scale study (2009–2015) on the process and outcomes of Family Group Conferencing in mental health care that demonstrates how undergraduate students in the Netherlands got involved as co-researchers and how their contribution was optimally utilised. The project revealed that the benefits for students participating in a large-scale, participatory health research are twofold. Firstly, students could conduct a research thesis tailored to their studies where they learn from experienced supervisors through demonstration and the transference of tacit knowledge. Secondly, they meet real clients and gain insights and ideas for transferable skills to meet changing demands in the nursing profession such as activating self-care and social resilience, utilising social resources and supporting near communities. From a broader perspective, the project demonstrated sensitivity to the needs of different spheres (professional care, education, civil society) so that these can learn from each other and enrich interim study findings with different viewpoints.