舒张早期左房室瓣峰值流速与舒张早期左房室瓣环运动速度比值在脓毒症预后评估中的应用研究

目的　探讨舒张早期左房室瓣峰值流速与舒张早期左房室瓣环运动速度比值（E/e'）在脓毒症预后评估的价值及临床意义。方法　选取2016年3月—2017年5月就诊于新疆医科大学第一附属医院脓毒症患者共157例。随访28 d根据预后分为死亡组（39例）和存活组（118例）。记录患者临床资料、实验室检查指标、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）、序贯器官衰竭（SOFA）评分,入院24 h内完善超声心动图,应用组织多普勒成像（DTI）技术测定E/e'等。应用多因素Cox比例风险回归分析预后影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析E/e'对脓毒症患者预后的预测价值。结果　死亡组平均动脉压、氧合指数、左心室侧壁舒张早期运动峰速度（Elat）、左房室瓣环室间隔舒张早期运动峰速度与左心室侧壁舒张早期运动峰速度平均值（Ea）低于存活组,心率、呼吸频率、N末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）、血乳酸、超敏肌钙蛋白T（hs-cTnT）、降钙素原（PCT）、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分、左房室瓣环室间隔E/e'（E/e' sep）、左心室侧壁E/e'（E/e' lat）、E/e'高于存活组（P<0.05）;存活组与死亡组患者左心室舒张功能分布比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型结果显示,NT-proBNP〔HR=0.978,95%CI（0.967,0.989）〕、APACHEⅡ评分〔HR=1.032,95%CI（1.009,1.054）〕、SOFA评分〔HR=1.100,95%CI（1.050,1.153）〕、E/e'〔HR=2.469,95%CI（2.071,2.867）〕与脓毒症患者预后有回归关系（P<0.05）。E/e'预测预后的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）〔AUC=0.887,95%CI（0.829,0.944）〕大于NT-proBNP〔AUC=0.821,95%CI（0.743,0.898）〕、APACHEⅡ评分〔AUC=0.604,95%CI（0.503,0.706）〕及SOFA评分〔AUC=0.705,95%CI（0.603,0.807）〕（Z=1.631,P=0.050;Z=4.765,P=0.001;Z=3.057,P=0.001）。当E/e'取临界值为10.34时,灵敏度为87.3%,特异度为86.3%。结论　脓毒症死亡患者左心室舒张功能障碍程度更重,E/e'可用于预测脓毒症患者的预后,且优于NT-proBNP、APACHEⅡ评分及SOFA评分,对脓毒症患者预后具有较大的预测价值。     

甲状腺功能正常和甲状腺功能减退患者游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸与游离甲状腺素比值与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的相关性研究

背景　甲状腺激素参与机体的能量平衡、脂质代谢,被认为可能是导致非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）发生的潜在机制之一。近些年,甲状腺激素与NAFLD之间的关系已成为临床研究热点,但相关研究结论仍有很大的争议。目的　探讨甲状腺功能正常（ET）和甲状腺功能减退（甲减）患者的甲状腺激素水平与NAFLD患病风险的相关性。方法　选取2015年3月—2018年3月在南京中医药大学附属中西医结合医院内分泌代谢院区住院的患者382例。按照甲状腺功能水平分为：ET组268例,甲减组114例。按照有无NAFLD分为：NAFLD组166例,非NAFLD组216例。采集患者甲状腺激素指标,分析其与NAFLD的相关性,并绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线。结果　268例ET患者中,合并NAFLD 113例,非NAFLD 155例。ET合并NAFLD者腰围（WC）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）/游离甲状腺素（FT4）比值、三酰甘油（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）均高于ET非NAFLD者（P<0.05）。114例甲减患者中,合并NAFLD 53例,非NAFLD 61例。甲减合并NAFLD者WC、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、FT3/FT4比值、TC、LDL-C、FINS、HOMA-IR均高于甲减非NAFLD者（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,WC〔OR=1.564,95%CI（1.125,2.174）〕、FT3/FT4比值〔OR=1.255,95%CI（1.067,1.477）〕、HOMA-IR〔OR=1.922,95%CI（1.194,3.095）〕是NAFLD发生的影响因素（P<0.05）;WC〔OR=1.233,95%CI（1.056,1.439）〕、FT3/FT4比值〔OR=1.628,95%CI（1.381,1.919）〕、TC〔OR=1.168,95%CI（1.014,1.345）〕、HOMA-IR〔OR=1.502,95%CI（1.053,2.142）〕是甲减患者发生NAFLD的影响因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线结果显示,在纳入所有患者中FT3/FT4比值预测NAFLD患病风险的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.707〔95%CI（0.611,0.809）〕,最佳切点值为0.37,灵敏度为78.2%,特异度为58.5%。在甲减患者中FT3/FT4比值预测NAFLD患病风险的AUC=0.746〔95%CI（0.570,0.865）〕,最佳切点值为0.47,灵敏度为82.4%,特异度为61.2%。结论　WC、FT3/FT4比值、HOMA-IR是NAFLD患病的危险因素。在甲减合并NAFLD患者中,TC也是患病危险因素。     

睡眠时长和睡眠质量与非酒精性脂肪性肝病发病风险关系的Meta分析

背景　非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是目前全世界范围最为流行的肝脏疾病,并且NAFLD很可能成为终末期肝病最主要的原因。但遗憾的是,NAFLD对健康的危害尚未能引起足够重视。尽管有研究尝试阐述睡眠与NAFLD的关系,但结果存在很大的差异。目的　评价睡眠时长和睡眠质量与NAFLD发病风险的关系。方法　计算机检索PubMed、EMBase、中国知网（CNKI）中关于睡眠时长和睡眠质量与NAFLD发病风险关系的文献,检索时限为建库至2020年2月。由2位研究者根据文献纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料并使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）进行质量评价。采用Stata 16.0软件进行Meta分析。结果　共纳入16篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,短睡眠时间（≤6 h）增加18%的NAFLD发病风险〔OR=1.18,95%CI（1.04,1.33）,P=0.01〕,亚组分析结果显示,睡眠时间<5 h增加28%的NAFLD发病风险〔OR=1.28,95%CI（1.11,1.48）,P<0.01〕。长睡眠时间（>6 h）与NAFLD发病风险无关〔OR=0.98,95%CI（0.78,1.23）,P=0.87〕,亚组分析结果显示,睡眠时间>8 h增加22%的NAFLD发病风险〔OR=1.22,95%CI（1.08,1.36）,P<0.01〕,男性的长睡眠时间（>6 h）降低了17%的NAFLD发病风险〔OR=0.83,95%CI（0.74,0.94）,P<0.01〕。睡眠质量差与NAFLD发病风险无关〔OR=1.06,95%CI（0.94,1.20）,P=0.36〕,亚组分析结果显示,女性睡眠质量差增加29%的NAFLD发病风险〔OR=1.29,95%CI（1.12,1.48）,P<0.01〕。结论　短睡眠时间（≤6 h）可能增加NAFLD发病风险,且睡眠时间越短NAFLD发病风险可能越高;睡眠时间>8 h可能增加NAFLD发病风险;长睡眠时间（>6 h）可能使男性NAFLD发病风险降低;女性睡眠质量差可能增加NAFLD发病风险。未来仍需要更多大型的队列研究以及相关试验进一步验证本Meta分析结果。     

超声心动图评价左心室射血分数正常终末期肾病患者左心室重构和功能的价值研究

背景　心血管疾病是终末期肾病（ESRD）死亡率升高的最主要原因,其病理基础是心脏结构及功能的改变。在临床工作中,比较关注心功能衰竭尤其是左心室射血分数（LVEF）的异常,而忽略其他重要指标的异常。目的　应用常规超声心动图评价LVEF正常ESRD患者的左心室重构及功能。方法　选取2016年1月-2018年6月首次于复旦大学附属金山医院透析治疗且随访LVEF正常的ESRD患者121例作为病例组;另选取同期年龄、性别相匹配,体格检查、心电图检查及常规超声心动图检查均正常的50例健康体检者作为对照组。比较两组一般资料,主动脉根部内径（AOd）、腔室大小〔左心房内径（LAd）、左心室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）、左心室收缩末期内径（LVESd）、左心房容积（LAV）、左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左心室收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左心室整体舒张末期容积（gLVEDV）、左心室整体收缩末期容积（gLVESV）〕及其经体表面积（BSA）校正值、左心室构型〔室间隔厚度（IVST）、左心室后壁厚度（LVPWT）、左心室质量（LVM）、左心室质量指数（LVMI）及相对室壁厚度（RWT）〕、左心室收缩功能参数〔左心室短轴缩短率（LVFS）、LVEF、左心室整体射血分数（gLVEF）及左房室瓣环左心室收缩期峰值运动速度（S'）〕、左心室整体功能（左心室Tei指数）、舒张功能参数〔左房室瓣左心室舒张早期峰值流速（E峰）、左房室瓣左心室舒张晚期峰值流速（A峰）、E/A、左房室瓣E峰减速时间（DT）、等容舒张时间（IVRT）、左房室瓣环左心室舒张早期峰值运动速度（E'）、左房室瓣环左心室舒张晚期峰值运动速度（A'）、E'/A'及E/E'）〕;分析ESRD舒张功能障碍患者左心室构型、gLVEF情况,ESRD患者左心室构型与gLVEF情况。结果　病例组患者体质量、BMI、BSA小于对照组,收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、脉压（DP）大于对照组 （P<0.05）。病例组AOd、AOd/BSA、LAd、LAd/BSA、LVEDd、LVEDd/BSA、LVESd、LVESd/BSA、LAV、左心房容积指数（LAVI）、LVEDV、LVEDV/BSA、LVESV、LVESV/BSA、gLVEDV、gLVEDV/BSA、gLVESV、gLVESV/BSA大于对照组,IVST、LVPWT、RWT厚于对照组,LVM、LVMI重于对照组,LVFS、LVEF、gLVEF小于对照组（P<0.05）。121例ESRD患者左心室构型分型：构型正常17例（14.0%）,构型异常104例（86.0%）（以离心性肥厚55例和向心性肥厚48例为主）;gLVEF异常39例（32.2%）,gLVEF正常82例（67.8%）。病例组E峰、A峰快于对照组,E/A低于对照组,DT、IVRT、左心室Tei指数大于对照组,S'〔室间隔（s）〕、E'（s）、E'〔侧壁（l）〕、E'/A'（s）、E'/A'（l）慢于对照组,A'（l）、E/室间隔与侧壁左房室瓣环左心室舒张早期峰值运动速度的平均值〔E'（av）〕快于对照组（P<0.05）。121例ESRD患者左心室舒张功能分型：舒张功能正常5例（4.1%）,舒张功能障碍116例（95.9%）。116例舒张功能障碍ESRD患者包括104例（86.0%）左心室构型异常者及39例（32.2%）gLVEF异常者。121例ESRD患者中左心室构型及gLVEF正常者14例,左心室构型正常、gLVEF异常者3例,左心室构型异常、gLVEF正常者68例,左心室构型及gLVEF均异常者36例。结论　LVEF正常ESRD患者左心室存在不同程度的左心室重构及功能改变,表现为腔室扩大、室壁增厚、收缩及舒张功能亦存在不同程度减退;左心室构型或收缩功能正常ESRD患者舒张功能不完全正常,舒张功能障碍早于左心室收缩功能及构型异常,因此全面评估LVEF正常ESRD患者的左心室重构及功能不容忽视。     

FIB-4指数与肝脏硬度值对非酒精性脂肪性肝病合并2型糖尿病患者出现显著肝纤维化的评估作用研究

背景　非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）合并2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者易发生肝纤维化。目的　探讨FIB-4指数、肝脏硬度值（LSM）对NAFLD合并T2DM患者出现显著肝纤维化的评估作用。方法　选取2016年12月—2017年12月在首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院消化内科诊断为NAFLD合并T2DM的患者265例为研究对象。收集患者性别、年龄、身高、体质量、血小板计数、谷氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、空腹血糖、清蛋白、LSM,计算BMI、FIB-4指数、肝纤维化评分（NFS）。本研究以NFS>0.676分作为诊断显著肝纤维化的金标准。比较不同FIB-4指数、LSM患者显著肝纤维化发生率;绘制FIB-4指数、LSM预测NAFLD合并T2DM患者发生显著肝纤维化的ROC曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积（AUC）、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阳性似然比、Youden指数。结果　FIB-4指数>3.25患者显著肝纤维化发生率大于FIB-4指数≤3.25患者（P<0.05）;LSM≥9.9 kPa患者显著肝纤维化发生率大于LSM<9.9 kPa患者（P<0.05）。根据既往研究结果,将FIB-4指数>3.25、LSM≥9.9 kPa作为预测显著肝纤维化的临界值。FIB-4指数预测NAFLD合并T2DM患者发生显著肝纤维化的AUC为0.866〔95%CI（0.804,0.928）〕,灵敏度为44.4%,特异度为97.5%,阳性预测值为66.7%,阳性似然比为17.8%,Youden指数为0.419;LSM预测NAFLD合并T2DM患者发生显著肝纤维化的AUC为0.901〔95%CI（0.850,0.952）〕,灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阳性似然比、Youden指数分别为74.1%、90.7%、45.5%、8.00%、0.648。结论　FIB-4指数与LSM均可用于预测NAFLD合并T2DM患者发生显著肝纤维化;LSM简便、易检测,应作为首选,而对于无条件地区,可选择FIB-4指数。     

左心房容积指数评价2型糖尿病患者左心室舒张功能不全的研究

目的运用实时三维超声心动图技术探讨左心房容积指数在评价2型糖尿病患者左心室舒张功能不全中的应用价值。方法运用全容积实时三维超声心动图技术,获取50例糖尿病患者（糖尿病组）和30例健康体检者（XCN组）左心房图像,脱机处理获得左心房容积,并用体表面积对数褊荭行校正,获得左心房容积指数。结果糖尿病组患者左心房容积指数[（36．17±2．62）ml／m^2]大于对照组[（23．77±2．32）ml／m^2]（P〈0．05）。结论左心房容积指数是糖尿病患者左心室舒张功能不全的一个独立预测因素。     

心肌作功指数评价高血压患者左心室整体功能

目的:探讨心肌作功指数(myocardial performance index,MPI)在评价高血压患者左心室整体功能中的价值.方法:入选130例高血压患者(HP组,年龄53.9 ±13.3岁)和155例健康对照者(Con组,年龄52.4±11.6岁),应用组织多普勒技术测定左心室MPI,计算公式为:MPI=(等容收缩时间+等容舒张时间)/射血时间.将高血压组根据左心室重量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI)分为左心室肥厚亚组(HP-肥厚亚组,LVMI男性≥115 g/m2、女性≥95 g/m2)和无左心室肥厚亚组(HP-无肥厚亚组,LVMI男性＜115 g/m2、女性＜ 95 g/m2).结果:Con组、HP-无肥厚亚组和HP-肥厚亚组3组间MPI比较差异有统计学意义(0.72 ±0.23 vs.0.54 ±0.17 vs.0.45±0.11,P＜0.001),其中HP-肥厚亚组较HP-无肥厚亚组MPI增高(P =0.046),且均高于Con组(P均＜0.001).在对照组中,MPI与年龄(r=0.369,P＜0.001)、左心室舒张末内径(r=0.169,P＜0.05)、二尖瓣环Sm峰速度(r=-0.211,P＜0.001)和二尖瓣环Em峰速度(r=-0.383,P＜0.001)具有相关性,多因素线性回归分析显示,年龄是MPI的独立预测因素(β=0.492,t=7.222,P＜0.001).在HP组中,MPI与左房面积(r=0.293,P＜0.001)、室间隔厚度(r=0.453,P＜0.001)、LVMI(r=0.453,P＜0.001)、相对室壁厚度(r=0.458,P＜0.001)呈正相关,与Sm(r=-0.414,P＜0.001)、Em(r=-0.508,P＜0.001)、左心室射血分数(r=-0.305,P＜0.001)呈负相关,室间隔厚度(β=0.401,t=4.256,P＜0.001)和Em(β=-0.365,t=-3.878,P＜0.001)是HP组MPI的独立预测因素.结论:高血压患者无论是否存在左心室肥厚,MPI均显著升高,而在左心室肥厚的患者中MPI的升高更为显著.组织多普勒成像技术测量的MPI作为综合评价心脏收缩和舒张整体功能的指标,可用于高血压患者心功能的全程监控,早期发现心功能受损患者.     

厄贝沙坦与卡维地洛联合应用对原发性高血压左室肥厚的影响

目的探讨厄贝沙坦联合卡维地洛对原发性高血压的临床疗效及其对左心室肥厚的影响。方法 78例原发性高血压合并左心室肥厚患者,口服厄贝沙坦（150~300 mg/d）及卡维地洛（20~40 mg/d）,共24周,观察厄贝沙坦联合卡维地洛对高血压的降压效果以及对左心室肥厚的逆转作用,并观察不良反应。结果与治疗前比较,78例患者经厄贝沙坦联合卡维地洛治疗后收缩压〔（130.40±13.31）vs（161.50±11.22）mm Hg,P〈0.01〕、舒张压〔（83.78±7.43）vs（100.10±5.52）mm Hg,P〈0.01）〕均显著下降,左室舒张末期内径、左心室后壁厚度、舒张末期室间隔厚度及左室质量指数〔（131.46±11.33）vs（155.58±14.26）g/m2〕均显著减少（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。3例患者治疗早期出现轻微头晕乏力,1例伴恶心,均于治疗4周后症状消失;无低血压、血管神经性水肿等严重不良反应发生。结论厄贝沙坦联合卡维地洛治疗原发性高血压疗效显著,且能够逆转左心室肥厚。     

代谢综合征对ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者远期预后的影响研究

背景　代谢综合征是一种多症候群的综合征,也是心脑血管疾病的危险因素,代谢综合征对ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者远期预后的影响鲜见报道。目的　探讨代谢综合征对STEMI患者远期预后的影响。方法　选取2014年3月-2015年3月中南大学湘雅医学院附属海口医院心血管内科接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的STEMI患者507例,根据是否合并代谢综合征分为代谢综合征组217例和非代谢综合征组290例。收集患者入院时一般临床资料、病情程度、住院时间、住院期间并发症发生率、随访1个月内用药情况及随访4年死亡、主要不良心血管事件（MACE）发生情况。代谢综合征对死亡和MACE的影响采用多因素Cox比例风险回归分析。结果　代谢综合征组与非代谢综合征组患者性别、年龄、吸烟史、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症、中心性肥胖、体质指数（BMI）分布、多支病变所占比例、SYNTAX评分比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。代谢综合征组患者住院时间长于非代谢综合征组（P<0.05）。随访1个月内,代谢综合征组患者血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ACEI）/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体阻滞剂（ARB）、钙离子通道阻滞剂（CCB）和降糖药使用率高于非代谢综合征组（P<0.05）。随访4年,代谢综合征组患者心绞痛、靶血管血运重建（TVR）发生率高于非代谢综合征组,新PCI/冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）发生率低于非代谢综合征组（P<0.05）。不同代谢综合征组分数量者死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;不同代谢综合征组分数量者MACE发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,年龄〔HR=1.057,95%CI（1.022,1.090）〕、肾功能不全〔HR=3.025,95%CI（1.180,7.759）〕、既往心肌梗死〔HR=2.430,95%CI（1.488,5.151）〕、左心室射血分数〔HR=0.958,95%CI（0.923,0.995）〕、Killip分级≥Ⅱ级〔HR=4.641,95%CI（2.188,9.825）〕是STEMI患者死亡的独立危险因素（P<0.05）;年龄〔HR=1.029,95%CI（1.006,1.054）〕、肾功能不全〔HR=2.826,95%CI（1.229,6.496）〕、左心室射血分数〔HR=0.960,95%CI（0.934,0.987）〕、SYNTAX评分〔HR=2.138,95%CI（1.281,3.567）〕、Killip分级≥Ⅱ级〔HR=2.098,95%CI（1.131,3.893）〕、代谢综合征〔HR=1.833,95%CI（1.162,2.896）〕是STEMI患者发生MACE的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。代谢综合征与TVR独立相关〔HR=2.204,95%CI（1.273,3.815）,P=0.005〕。结论　STEMI合并代谢综合征患者PCI后住院时间更长,远期MACE发生率更高;代谢综合征与STEMI患者远期死亡无关,但是与MACE独立相关,尤其是与TVR密切相关。     

甲状腺功能正常的2型糖尿病患者校正QT间期延长的影响因素研究

基金项目：湖南省科技计划项目（2012SK3058） 目的 探讨甲状腺功能正常的2型糖尿病患者校正QT（QTc）间期延长的危险因素。方法 以系统抽样方法抽取2013年1-12月于益阳市中心医院内分泌科住院治疗的2型糖尿病患者246例为病例组,以同样方式选取本院同期体检健康者103例为对照组。收集受试者一般资料,包括性别、年龄、病程、体质指数（BMI）等,检测糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、空腹及餐后C肽、甲状腺功能、血脂、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平。QTc间期为使用Balett公式将QT间期校正心率（RR）影响后的数值,即QTc=QT/RR,以QTc＞0.44 s为延长,据此将病例组和对照组进一步分为QTc间期正常亚组和QTC间期延长亚组。结果 病例组QTc延长检出率为22.8%（56/246）,对照组QTc延长检出率为17.5%（18/103）,两组检出率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.900,P＜0.05）。病例组中,QTc间期延长亚组与QTc间期正常亚组性别、年龄、病程、BMI、HbA1c、游离三碘甲腺原氨酸（FT3）、游离甲状腺素（FT4）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、脂蛋白α、Hcy比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。对照组中,QTc间期延长亚组与QTc间期正常亚组年龄、TC、脂蛋白α比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,性别〔OR=1.012,95%CI（1.002,1.022）〕、病程〔OR=1.173,95%CI（1.066,1.280）〕、BMI〔OR=1.122,95%CI（1.012,1.232）〕、HbA1c〔OR=1.097,95%CI（1.007,1.187）〕、FT3〔OR=0.950,95%CI（0.901,0.999）〕、FT4〔OR=1.136,95%CI（1.042,1.229）〕、TSH〔OR=1.136,95%CI（1.043,1.229）〕、LDL-C〔OR=1.019,95%CI（1.004,1.034）〕、Hcy〔OR=1.542,95%CI（1.254,1.830）〕进入方程,是2型糖尿病患者QTc间期延长的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论 2型糖尿病患者QTc间期延长检出率较高,血糖、甲状腺功能、血脂是2型糖尿病患者QTc间期延长的影响因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.