新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎伴发肠穿孔危险因素的回顾性研究

目的:探讨新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）伴发肠穿孔的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析55例NEC伴发肠穿孔患儿（NEC伴发肠穿孔组）的临床资料,并随机选取110例同期收治的NEC未伴发肠穿孔 患儿为对照组,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析,总结NEC伴发肠穿孔的危险因素。结果:NEC并发败血症（OR=2.557）、凝血功能障碍（OR=4.075）、低钾血症（OR=5.180）是肠穿孔的独立危险 因素（P＜0.05）,而高胎龄（OR=0.884）为保护因素（P＜0.05）。上述3个独立危险因素联合对NEC伴发肠穿孔的预测价值最高,ROC曲线下面积为0.875,特异性和灵敏性分别为79.2%、81.8%。结论: NEC伴发败血症、凝血功能障碍、低钾血症是NEC伴发肠穿孔的独立危险因素。三者联合对NEC伴发肠穿孔有较高预测价值。     

新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎并发肠穿孔的临床特点及预后分析

目的:探讨新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）并发肠穿孔的临床特点以对其预后情况进行评估。方法:回顾性收集93例经手术治疗的NEC并发肠穿孔患儿的临床资料。根据患儿预后将其分为良好组（69例）及不良组（24例）,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析影响其预后的危险因素。结果:93例患儿多数为早产儿（83.9%）及低出生体重儿（80.6%）,合并症以低蛋白血症（45.2%）、低钾血症（39.8%）为主,术中发现以小肠穿孔（52.7%）、单处穿孔多见（79.6%）。患儿合并低蛋白血症（OR=2.077,95%CI:1.931 ~ 31.889）、凝血功能障碍（OR=22.829,95%CI:7.063 ~ 532.608）及穿孔数目≥2处（OR=3.209,95%CI:1.623 ~ 126.806）为预后不良的独立危险因素（均P＜0.05）。上述独立危险因素联合对预后不良预测的ROC曲线下面积为0.862（95%CI:0.764~0.961,P<0.001）,特异性和敏感度分别为83.3%、77.1%。结论: NEC并发肠穿孔病情复杂、不良预后发生率较高,患儿合并低蛋白血症、凝血功能障碍及肠穿孔数目≥2处可为预后不良提供评估依据。     

影响足月和早产儿坏死性小肠结肠炎预后的危险因素分析

目的:探讨影响足月和早产新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis,NEC)预后的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析287例(BEIL分期≥Ⅱ期)NEC患儿临床资料,根据胎龄分为足月组(128例)和早产组(159例),然后采用单因素分析和多因素logistic回归分析,总结影响足月儿和早产儿NEC预后的危险因素。结果:足月组NEC分析显示,Ⅲ期NEC(OR=63.052,95%CI=2.373～1674.987,P=0.013)和并发呼吸衰竭(OR=85.917,95%CI=3.005～2456.151,P=0.009)是影响其预后的独立危险因素,使用益生菌(OR=0.036,95%CI=0.002～0.809,P=0.036)为其保护因素。早产组NEC分析显示,并发败血症(OR=5.669,95%CI=1.829～17.569,P=0.003)是影响其预后的独立危险因素,使用益生菌(OR=0.172,95%CI=0.054～0.547,P=0.003)为其保护因素。结论:影响早产儿和足月儿NEC预后的危险因素有一定差异,临床上应采取个体化处理...     

早产儿NEC并胆汁淤积相关因素及对骨代谢的影响

目的：探讨早产儿新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）并胆汁淤积（CHO）的相关因素及对骨代谢的影响。方法：回顾性分析145例NECⅡ期或NECⅢ期患儿及母亲临床资料,其中NEC合并CHO为观察组（56例),非CHO为对照组（89例）,分析两组患儿临床特点、骨代谢生化指标及长骨X线表现。结果：NECⅢ期（OR=3.083,95%CI:1.125～8.446）是NEC并CHO的危险因素,全胃肠内营养前时间长（OR=1.090,95%CI:1.039～1.143）也是危险因素,即全胃肠内营养是保护因素;观察组血磷及25-羟维生素D3均较对照组低,而碱性磷酸酶（ALP）较对照组高;观察组长骨X线更易出现骨质稀疏、骨皮质变薄,甚至骨折等异常改变,均有统计学意义。结论：NECⅢ期是NEC并CHO的危险因素,全胃肠内营养是保护因素。早产儿NEC并CHO容易骨代谢紊乱,应加强骨营养的管理。     

胎龄<32周或出生体质量<1 500 g早产儿视网膜病影响因素分析

目的　探讨胎龄<32周或出生体质量<1 500 g早产儿视网膜病（ROP）的影响因素。方法　选取2015年9月—2017年8月在深圳市人民医院新生儿科住院的胎龄<32周或出生体质量<1 500 g的早产儿179例为研究对象。根据早产儿是否发生ROP,将其分为ROP组（34例）和非ROP组（145例）。记录早产儿临床资料、临床治疗情况及其母亲围生期情况。结果　多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,胎龄〔OR=0.650,95%CI（0.460,0.918）〕、输血量〔OR=1.036,95%CI（1.009,1.063）〕、母亲绒毛膜羊膜炎发生情况〔OR=4.951,95%CI（1.493,16.413）〕是ROP的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　早产、输血、母亲发生绒毛膜羊膜炎是胎龄<32周或出生体质量<1 500 g早产儿发生ROP的影响因素。     

剖宫产分娩与新生儿疾病发生关联的研究

目的 探讨剖宫产分娩与新生儿疾病发生是否存在关联,为预防新生儿疾病的发生和降低剖宫产率提供依据。方法 通过病历管理系统,选择2004年1月—2013年12月在温州医科大学附属第一医院产科住院分娩的产妇及其新生儿为研究对象,采用病例对照的研究方法,以患有某种新生儿疾病的新生儿为病例组,不患有该种疾病的新生儿为对照组,比较两组剖宫产率是否存在差异。分析时采用多因素Logistic回归分析调整产妇年龄、新生儿性别、剖宫产指征等因素对两者关联的影响。结果 59.3%（2 035/3 432）的产妇分娩方式为剖宫产,54.7%（1 876例）的产妇具有剖宫产指征;40.7%（1 397例）的产妇为阴道分娩。阴道分娩者和剖宫产者年龄、入院待产时间、是否实施抢救、剖宫产指征、住院时间、分娩总费用、分娩护理费用比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;两者新生儿性别比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,新生儿肺部疾病〔OR=1.48,95%CI（1.03,2.11）,P=0.03〕、新生儿窒息〔OR=0.37,95%CI（0.29,0.47）,P＜0.01〕、低体质量儿〔OR=1.56,95%CI（1.09,2.23）,P=0.02〕、早产儿〔OR=2.21,95%CI（1.97,2.61）,P＜0.01〕和低体质量早产儿〔OR=3.00,95%CI（1.98,4.56）,P＜0.01〕与剖宫产分娩存在关联,而新生儿消化系统疾病〔OR=1.64,95%CI（0.83,3.24）,P=0.16〕和新生儿败血症〔OR=0.69,95%CI（0.91,3.69）,P=0.28〕与剖宫产分娩无关。结论 剖宫产分娩可能增加新生儿罹患呼吸系统疾病的风险,降低新生儿窒息的发生,而与消化系统疾病发生无关。低体质量儿、早产儿和低体质量早产儿更容易选择剖宫产,增加剖宫产率。     

5岁以下甲型流感患儿住院的危险因素研究

背景 5岁以下儿童作为重症流感的高危人群,住院负担较重,但目前对其住院危险因素方面的研究却很少。 目的 探讨5岁以下甲型流感患儿住院的危险因素。 方法 回顾性分析2018年12月至2019年2月北京地坛医院感染急诊收治的5岁以下甲型流感患儿1 450例,收集其年龄、性别、合并慢性基础疾病、发病至首次就诊时间、发病至抗病毒治疗时间、主要临床表现及是否住院治疗等临床特征。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨甲型流感患儿住院的危险因素。 结果 1 450例甲型流感患儿的中位年龄为2.5（1.1,3.9）岁,男童多于女童（56.5% vs 43.5%）,38例（2.6%）患儿合并慢性基础疾病,155例（10.7%）患儿需住院治疗。逐步对各分析变量进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析显示：年龄<6月龄〔OR=5.808,95%CI（2.650,12.730）,P<0.001〕、男童〔OR=1.673,95%CI（1.098,2.549）,P<0.05〕、合并慢性基础疾病〔OR=17.999,95%CI（7.882,41.103）,P<0.001〕、发病至首次就诊时间>48 h〔OR=4.663,95%CI（1.712,12.704）,P<0.001〕、发病至抗病毒治疗时间>48 h〔OR=19.835,95%CI（9.043,43.502）,P<0.001〕、存在咳嗽/咳痰〔OR=7.174,95%CI（4.222,12.191）,P<0.001〕、存在意识障碍/抽搐〔OR=10.044,95%CI（6.142,16.425）,P<0.001〕均为甲型流感患儿住院的独立危险因素。 结论 男性、年龄<6月龄及合并慢性基础疾病是5岁以下甲型流感患儿住院的高危因素。存在咳嗽/咳痰,意识障碍/抽搐的患儿住院风险更高,早期使用抗病毒药物治疗可降低住院风险。     

冠心病发病及预后的影响因素研究

目的　通过对上海地区冠心病患者进行回顾性分析,探讨可能影响冠心病发病及预后的危险因素,以期对冠心病防治起到积极作用。方法　回顾性分析2009年在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院心内科接受冠状动脉造影的患者756例,经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病576例,为冠心病组;非冠心病患者180例,为非冠心病组。收集患者一般资料,并对冠心病组患者进行为期7年的电话或再住院随访,终点事件为主要不良心血管事件（MACE）。结果　Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别〔OR=1.972,95%CI（1.240,3.138）〕、年龄〔OR=1.371,95%CI（1.115,1.686）〕、吸烟史〔OR=1.923,95%CI（1.168,3.165）〕、血肌酐（Scr）〔OR=1.138,95%CI（1.021,1.269）〕、总胆固醇（TC）〔OR=1.238,95%CI（1.016,1.509）〕、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）〔OR=0.448,95%CI（0.239,0.842）〕是冠心病发病的影响因素（P<0.05）。平均随访时间为（63.3±26.4）个月,有224例（38.9%）发生MACE。Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,年龄〔HR=1.197,95%CI（1.003,1.428）〕、糖尿病〔HR=1.824,95%CI（1.370,2.429）〕、舒张压（DBP）〔HR=1.145,95%CI（1.000,1.312）〕、估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）〔HR=0.903,95%CI（0.825,0.987）〕、服用抗血小板药物〔HR=0.713,95%CI（0.532,0.956）〕、心肌梗死〔HR=1.401,95%CI（1.046,1.877）〕是冠心病患者发生MACE的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论　冠心病发病及预后与多种危险因素相关。男性、高龄、吸烟史、Scr、TC水平升高是诱发冠心病的危险因素;而HDL-C可能是降低冠心病发病风险的保护性因素。高龄、合并糖尿病、高DBP、心肌梗死病史患者的远期MACE发生风险明显升高,而高eGFR、长期接受标准抗血小板药物治疗可明显改善患者预后。     

慢性肾脏病患者心脏瓣膜钙化新危险因素分析

背景　心脏瓣膜钙化（CVC）是慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者发生心血管疾病最高危险因素。伴随人们对CKD骨矿物质代谢认识深入和新型非钙磷结合剂、拟钙剂等使用,有必要重新分析此类人群临床特征,且国内外关于CKD患者CVC危险因素的研究较少。目的　探讨CKD患者CVC的发生率,并分析CKD患者发生CVC的危险因素。方法　选取东南大学附属中大医院肾内科2014年8月-2019年7月收治的CKD 3~5期透析和非透析患者为研究对象,采集其人口学资料、血清学指标及影像学资料。根据是否发生CVC分为钙化组与无钙化组,采用Logistic回归分析探讨CKD患者CVC的危险因素,并进行亚组分析。结果　本研究共纳入1 383例CKD 3~5期患者,其中CVC患者619例（44.8%）;单纯主动脉瓣膜钙化（AVC）426例（30.8%）、单纯左房室瓣瓣膜钙化（MVC）37例（2.7%）、AVC+MVC 150例（10.9%）,其他6例（0.4%）。钙化组女性占比、年龄、透析占比、合并症（糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、脑梗死）占比、他汀类药物使用史、左心室肥厚占比、血清钙水平、血清蛋白水平、碱性磷酸酶水平、C反应蛋白（CRP）>3 mg/L占比均高于无钙化组,碳酸钙使用史占比、肌酐水平、三酰甘油水平、总胆固醇水平、低密度脂蛋白水平均低于无钙化组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,高龄〔OR=1.065,95%CI（1.053,1.077）〕、透析〔OR=1.917,95%CI（1.423,2.582）〕、合并冠心病〔OR=1.608,95%CI（1.134,2.281）〕、低血红蛋白〔OR=0.993,95%CI（0.987,0.999）〕、高碱性磷酸酶〔OR=1.002,95%CI（1.000,1.003）〕、CRP>3 mg/L占比高〔OR=1.478,95%CI（1.095,1.995）〕是CKD患者CVC的危险因素（P<0.05）;高龄〔OR=1.078,95%CI（1.057,1.099）〕、他汀类药物使用史〔OR=1.853,95%CI（1.003,3.424）〕是CKD 3~5期未透析患者CVC的危险因素（P<0.05）;高龄〔OR=1.081,95%CI（1.061,1.101）〕、透析时间长〔OR=1.123,95%CI（1.067,1.181）〕、合并高血压〔OR=3.071,95%CI（1.453,6.490）〕、碳酸钙使用史〔OR=0.515,95%CI（0.300,0.882）〕是CKD 5D期且透析时间>1年患者CVC的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论　本研究中心CKD 3~5期患者CVC发生率为44.8%,AVC较MVC发生率高。高碱性磷酸酶、低血红蛋白、高龄、透析、合并冠心病和CRP升高是CKD 3~5期患者CVC的潜在危险因素。     

急性缺血性脑卒中颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素研究

背景　颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）是脑卒中重要的病理基础,在动脉粥样硬化的斑块形成和发展过程中,免疫、炎性反应等因素起着十分重要的作用。近年来,随着人们物质生活和饮食结构的变化,以及人口老龄化趋势的影响,脑血管疾病在我国的发病率逐年增高,使卒中防治工作日趋严峻。目的　探讨急性缺血性脑卒中发生CAS的危险因素。方法　选择2014年1月-2018年11月任丘康济新图医院神经内科住院的急性缺血性脑卒中患者4 048例,采用自行设计的问卷进行资料收集。内容包括：一般情况、体格检查、实验室检查及颈动脉超声。将颈动脉斑块形成和狭窄定义为CAS,采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析探究急性缺血性脑卒中患者发生CAS的影响因素。结果　入组人群中平均年龄（64.8±11.3）岁,其中男2 506例（61.91%）、女1 542例（38.09%）,颈动脉正常169例（4.17%）、内膜中层厚度增厚577例（14.25%）,斑块形成2 362例（58.35%）、颈动脉狭窄940例（23.22%）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别〔OR（95%CI）=2.785（1.790,4.333）〕、年龄〔OR（95%CI）=1.129（1.108,1.150）〕、文化程度〔OR（95%CI）=0.632（0.425,0.942）〕、糖尿病史〔OR（95%CI）=2.443（1.467,4.069）〕、脑卒中史〔OR（95%CI）=2.136（1.371,3.328）〕、吸烟〔OR（95%CI）=1.603（1.057,2.431）〕、TC〔OR（95%CI）=1.545（1.304,1.830）〕、LDL-C〔OR（95%CI）=1.893（1.365,2.596）〕、脂蛋白a〔OR（95%CI）=1.001（1.000,1.002）〕是急性缺血性脑卒中患者发生CAS的独立影响因素。结论　吸烟、收缩压、舒张压、LDL-C、脂蛋白a是急性缺血性脑卒中发生CAS重要的可干预的危险因素,积极控制卒中危险因素,可延缓CAS病变,减少急性缺血性脑卒中的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.