Three independent canals in the mesial root of a mandibular first molar

Abstract Endodontic therapy was performed in a mandibular first molar with three canals in the mesial root. The mesiobuccal and the mesiolingual canals were found in their normal locations. The third was located in the middle of the distance between the other two. Radiographically, it ended in its own distinct foramen. Many reports deal with three orifices in the mesial root, but very few describe three independent canals, indicating a rare anatomical configuration. To locale the third possible intermediate canal it was suggested to reduce the mesial dentinal wall of the pulp chamber after instrumenting the main two canals.     

Mandibular molar with three distal root canals

Abstract An unusual case is presented in which there were three canals in the distal root of a mandibular first permanent molar. The anomaly was not detectable radiographically, but could be important during root canal treatment. The variation may be related to the occurrence of a contralateral three-rooted molar seen in the patient.     

Root canal treatment of a mandibular first molar with three mesial root canals

The dynamic concept of the root canal system, describing a variable morphology of multiple root canals interconnected by anastomoses, has been established as the prevailing state in mandibular molars. This case report presents the treatment of a mandibular first molar with five root canals, of which three were located in the mesial root. A third middle root canal was found between the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual root canals. The morphological pattern of separate apical terminations of the three mesial root canals, as manifested in this case, is a very rare one and seldom encountered.     

Mandibular first molar with three distal root canals

CASE REPORT: A right mandibular first molar requiring root canal treatment was found to have one mesial and two distal roots and a total of five canals. The mesial and distobuccal root had two separate canals; the distolingual root had one. This case demonstrates a rare anatomical configuration and supplements previous reports of the existence of such configurations in mandibular first molars.     

下颌第一磨牙近中三根管的临床观察

目的探讨12例下颌第一磨牙近中三根管的根管分型及与年龄、牙位、性别之间的关系。方法通过收集2014年8月—2015年8月共12例有近中第三根管的下颌第一磨牙记录根管分型、年龄、牙位、性别。结果 12例中融合型根管居多,年龄>30岁,独立型根管年龄<30岁;右侧牙位明显多于左侧;性别上无明显差异。结论年龄和牙位可能是影响下颌第一磨牙近中第三根管存在的主要因素。     

Mandibular molar with merging mesiobuccal and distal root canals

Abstract A lower 2nd molar with an anomalous root canal anatomy is described. The floor of the pulp chamber showed the usual anatomic configuration with 2 mesial and 1 distal canal orifices. The mesiolingual canal had a normal course. However, the mesiobuccal and the distal canals merged to form 1 single canal in the apical 3 mm of the root.     

Incidence of four canals in root-canal-treated mandibular first molars in a Saudi Arabian sub-population

AIM: The aim of this in-vivo study was to assess the incidence of three roots and four root canals in clinical cases of root-treated mandibular first molars in a Saudi Arabian population. METHODOLOGY: A clinical study of 251 root-canal treated permanent mandibular first molars was conducted. The teeth were examined clinically and radiographically. RESULTS: The results showed that 5.97% of the examined teeth had three roots, 57.76% had four root canals (two mesial and two distal) and 42.3% had three root canals (two mesial and one distal). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of four root canals in the mandibular first molar of a Saudi Arabian subpopulation was high.     

Five root canals in a mandibular first molar

Abstract Endodontic therapy was performed in a mandibular first molar with 5 root canals, 3 of which were located in 3 distal roots. The existence of 3 distal root canals was assumed after careful reading of radiographs. Two of the distal root canals were close to one another and located buccally to the midline. The 3rd was remote, located lingually. The 2 mesial root canals were found in their normal locations. This case demonstrates a rare anatomical configuration, and joins with recent reports in the emphasis of the existence of such configurations in mandibular first molars.     

上颌第一磨牙近中颊根三根管1例

上颌第一磨牙近巾颊根三根管较少见,本文介绍1例近中颊根存在3个根管的上颌第一磨牙,3个根管口相距约1.5 mm,根管长度基本正常.     

Four canals in the mesial root of a mandibular first molar. A case report under the operating microscope

In this era of microscope-assisted endodontics, finding variations in root canal system anatomy is not uncommon. Operating microscopes combined with careful clinical examination and radiographic interpretation can aid the clinician to successfully treat cases with such internal anatomy. The understanding of this view enables the possible location of additional canals in any tooth requiring endodontic treatment. The present clinical article demonstrates a rare anatomical complexity in the mesial root of a mandibular first molar. Four independent root canal orifices were found in this root by clinical detection with the aid of a dental operating microscope. This case shows that additional canals can be located in any root undergoing endodontic treatment and clinicians should always be aware of aberrant internal anatomy.     

Mandibular first premolar with three root canals

Abstract This report presents a case of endodontic treatment of a mandibular first premolar with 3 root canals and a review of the literature concerning root canal anatomy of lower premolars. It is stressed that, even in teeth with a low frequency of abnormal root canal anatomy, the possibility of additional root canals has to be considered in the clinical and radiographic examination of the patient.     

Two palatal root canals in a maxillary second molar

In this study, we report a case of two palatal root canals in a maxillary second molar that was endodontically treated. The possibility of two palatal root canals in maxillary second molars is quite small; however, it must be taken into account in clinical and radiographic evaluation during endodontic treatment. Often, their presence is noticed only after a canal treatment due to continuing post-operative discomfort.     

C-shaped root canals in mandibular second molars in a Chinese population

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to study the prevalence of C-shaped roots, root canal orifices, and root canals in the mandibular second molars of a Chinese population. A total of 581 second mandibular molars were collected in Hong Kong and Taiwan. The teeth were demineralized and placed in methyl salicylate to induce transparency. The pulp chamber floor was examined to ascertain the number of root canal orifices. Chinese ink was then injected into the root canal system to demonstrate the root canal anatomy. The mandibular second molars had separate roots in 66.4%, cone-shaped roots in 2.1% and C-shaped roots in 31.5%. The C-shaped roots had C-shaped canal orifices in 68.3% (21.5% of whole material). True C-shaped root canals were observed in 65.8% of the teeth with C-shaped orifices and in 13.9% of the whole material. Separate root canals were seen in 34.2% of the teeth with C-shaped orifices. Separate canal orifices were found in 31.7% of the C-shaped roots and 7.4% of these roots had true C-shaped canals. In the whole material 0.9% of the roots with individual canal orifices had C-shaped canals. In conclusion, C-shaped root canals were common in mandibular second molars in the Chinese subjects studied. The C-shaped root canals were often, but not always recognized because of a C-shaped canal orifice.     

上颌第一磨牙远颊双根管1例

上颌第一磨牙根管系统复杂多样,近颊根双根管发生率较高,而远颊根少有双根管报道。本文报道1例具有5根管的上颌第一磨牙（其中近颊及远颊根各2个根管）。     

���ڶ�ĥ������ ������Ŀ����̬�о�

目的观察下颌第二磨牙牙根、牙根不同部位根管数目及形态,为根管治疗提供依据。方法选取2006年1月至2008年4月首都医科大学附属北京中医医院口腔科门诊中因各种原因拔除的下颌第二磨牙166颗,观察牙根数目及形态后,将牙根切为根上1/3,根中1/3和根尖1/3。观察不同部位的根管数目及形态。结果下颌第二磨牙单根12颗(7.2),双根101颗(60.8),其中近中根1-1型根管48颗(47.5),2-1型30颗(29.7),1-2型18颗(17.8),2-2型5颗(5)。远中根1-1型根管88颗(87.1),2-1型2颗(2.0),1-2型4颗(4.0),2-2型7颗(6.9)。C形根53颗(32.0),其中只有26颗具有C形根管(49)。166颗患牙中C形根管的总检出率为15.7。结论下颌第二磨牙牙根及根管数目、形态变异较多,C形根管的存在给根管治疗带来困难,不利于根管的彻底清理和充填。     

Root canal treatment of mandibular second premolar with four root canals: a case report

The importance of an accurate diagnosis of the morphology of the root canal system is a prerequisite for successful root canal treatment and has been emphasized throughout the literature. Root canal morphology of premolar teeth, either maxillary or mandibular, and the discrepancies between first and second premolars, have been investigated and reported. A case report is presented of the root canal treatment of a mandibular second premolar with four root canals. As far as the reviewed literature revealed, up to three root canals in mandibular premolars have been reported. No previous report of a similar case of four root canals in a mandibular premolar was found.     

Investigation of the root canal configurations of mandibular permanent teeth in the Turkish population

AIM: To investigate the root and canal morphology of mandibular permanent teeth collected from an indigenous Turkish population. METHODOLOGY: A total of 1400 extracted mandibular permanent teeth were evaluated. The teeth were divided into seven groups as central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars and second molars in order to evaluate their root canal configurations. Access cavities were prepared and pulp tissue removed using 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution. The teeth were stored in 5% nitric acid solution for 5 days, then rinsed under running water for 4 h and placed in increasing concentrations of ethyl alcohol. The teeth were rendered transparent by immersion in xylene solution for 3 days until complete transparency was achieved. Following this procedure, India ink was injected in the root canal systems and their configurations were examined and compared with the classification of Vertucci. The following observations were made: (i) root canal classification of mandibular teeth; (ii) morphology of the mandibular permanent teeth. The classification of Vertucci was taken as a reference during the evaluation; however additional canal morphological types were evaluated as separate groups. RESULTS: The presence of a second canal was detected in 68% of mandibular central incisors and 63% of lateral incisors. Lateral canals were found in 6.5% of mandibular central incisors and in 13% of lateral incisors. Overall, 62% of mandibular first premolar teeth had a single canal whereas 71% of second premolars had a single canal. The mandibular first and second molar teeth exhibited similar root canal configurations except for a group of second molar teeth that had a single root and canal. CONCLUSIONS: The morphological characteristics of teeth in this Turkish population were consistent with those of other studies performed on different populations using similar methodology.     

C-shaped root canals of mandibular second molars in a Korean population: clinical observation and in vitro analysis

AIM: To investigate the incidence and morphology of C-shaped root canals of the mandibular second molar in a Korean population. METHODOLOGY: Through clinical observation, randomly selected 272 mandibular second molars of Korean patients were accessed and evaluated after taking radiographs for determination of working length. In an in vitro analysis, 96 extracted mandibular second molars of Korean patients were collected and embedded in resin using an Endodontic cube technique, and were sectioned at intervals of 1 mm. The specimens were then observed with a surgical microscope and were photographed. Canal configurations were assigned to one of three categories: Category I defined a C-shaped outline without any separation; Category II referred to those with canal configurations, where dentine separated one distinct canal from a buccal or lingual C-shaped canal; Category III had two or more discrete and separate canals. RESULTS: In clinical observation, 89 of 272 teeth (32.7%) had C-shaped canals. Of the 96 teeth examined in vitro, 30 (31.3%) had C-shaped canals. Upon in vitro analysis, only 1 tooth at the subpulpal level and 10 teeth at the apical 1 mm level were categorized under Category III. CONCLUSION: There was high prevalence of C-shaped root canals in the mandibular second molars of Koreans. C-shaped canals having semicolon and continuous shapes at the canal orifice have a high possibility of being divided into two or three canals in the apical region.     

Root canal treatment of a mandibular canine with three root canals. Case report

The differing morphological manifestations of the root canal system have been the subject of research, and the incidence of various shapes of root canal systems has been classified. The present case describes the root canal treatment of a rare morphological pattern, namely a mandibular permanent canine with three root canals. No report of a similar case has been published previously.