fMRI和DTI在脑肿瘤中的联合应用研究

功能磁共振成像可以显示脑皮质功能区的激活状态,可用于对脑肿瘤术前脑功能区的定位、预测脑肿瘤手术效果及术后评价;扩散张量成像可以观察脑白质纤维结构的特征性改变.功能磁共振成像和扩散张量成像融合技术可用于外科手术计划的制定,有助于最大限度地切除肿瘤及减少术后损害.综述功能磁共振成像和扩散张量成像融合技术在脑肿瘤中的应用.     

磁共振脑功能成像指导脑肿瘤切除的意义

脑外科手术的目的是最大限度地切除脑肿瘤并尽可能保留功能,提高脑肿瘤患者的术后生存质量。脑外科医师需要在术前明确肿瘤区域与存留功能区域的空间关系,拟定手术切除计划,尽量回避对存留功能区的损伤,并预测术后可能发生的功能损害;术后需要了解手术区域脑功能的恢复状况,评价手术疗效。目前,能够进行空间定位的脑功能的评价措施包括多导脑电图(EEG)、脑磁图(MSI)、正电子发射断层(PET)和磁共振脑功能成像(fMR I)。本文主要介绍了磁共振脑功能成像评价脑肿瘤患者脑功能应用研究现状。1脑肿瘤的磁共振脑功能成像磁共振脑功能成像原理…     

脑磁共振扩散张量成像术及其进展

分子扩散是一个三维空间的运动,在某些组织如脑白质中的运动是各向异性的.磁共振脑扩散张量可分辨出分子扩散运动方向上的差异,因而可显示组织扩散各向异性的细微异常.就磁共振扩散张量成像的基本原理、技术特点及成像可视化技术的基本概念予以综述.     

白质纤维束示踪成像的原理及应用

磁共振扩散张量成像最近已用于中枢神经系统疾病的研究中,目前利用扩散张量成像进行的白质纤维束示踪成像可以显示脑内主要白质纤维束的走行、方向及病理改变等信息.综述白质纤维束示踪成像的原理及应用.     

DTI在脑肿瘤诊断中的应用现状及进展研究

磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)是近几年发展起来的无创显示脑内白质纤维束走行的MRI新技术。脑肿瘤术前功能区定位诊断、定性甚至分级诊断以及辅助临床制定合理手术方案等更是目前研究的热点问题。就DTI的成像原理,近年来DTI在脑肿瘤诊断、鉴别诊断的应用价值以及DTI基础上的各种新技术的研究进展予以综述。     

创伤后应激障碍的脑磁共振成像研究及进展

近年来,随着功能神经影像学的发展,有关创伤后应激障碍的脑功能研究越来越多.脑磁共振成像尤其是功能磁共振成像在创伤后应激障碍中的应用日益增多,功能磁共振成像不但有利于观察创伤后应激障碍的脑形态学改变,还有助于了解创伤后应激障碍的脑功能区性能以及神经回路的改变;磁共振波谱成像可以从细胞代谢水平反映脑功能区代谢异常.综述脑磁共振成像在创伤后应激障碍中的应用及进展.     

BOLD-fMRI和DTI:脑功能-结构结合的研究进展

随着血氧水平依赖性功能磁共振成像(BOLD-fMRI)和扩散张量成像(DTI)技术的相继应用及结合,使活体中无创地对人脑功能和结构进行研究成为可能,并正成为神经科学领域的研究热点.就BOLD-fMRI和DTI的影像融合方法在临床神经系统疾病、正常脑功能及结构中应用的研究进展进行综述.     

创伤后应激障碍的脑磁共振成像研究及进展

近年来,随着功能神经影像学的发展,有关创伤后应激障碍的脑功能研究越来越多.脑磁共振成像尤其是功能磁共振成像在创伤后应激障碍中的应用日益增多,功能磁共振成像不但有利于观察创伤后应激障碍的脑形态学改变,还有助于了解创伤后应激障碍的脑功能区性能以及神经回路的改变;磁共振波谱成像可以从细胞代谢水平反映脑功能区代谢异常.综述脑磁共振成像在创伤后应激障碍中的应用及进展.     

脑磁共振扩散张量成像术及其进展

分子扩散是一个三维空间的运动,在某些组织如脑白质中的运动是各向异性的。磁共振脑扩散张量可分辨出分子扩散运动方向上的差异,因而可显示组织扩散各向异性的细微异常。就磁共振扩散张量成像的基本原理、技术特点及成像可视化技术的基本概念予以综述。     

白质纤维束示踪成像的原理及应用

磁共振扩散张量成像最近已用于中枢神经系统疾病的研究中,目前利用扩散张量成像进行的白质纤维束示踪成像可以显示脑内主要白质纤维束的走行、方向及病理改变等信息。综述白质纤维束示踪成像的原理及应用。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.