HPLC法测定妇康片中人参皂甙Rg1，Re，Rb1

目的建立妇康片中人参皂甙Rg1，Re，Rb1的含量测定方法。方法采用HPLC法，以乙腈～水梯度洗脱，检测波长为203nm。测定人参皂Rg1，Re，Rb1的含量。结果通过方法学考察，人参皂甙Rg1，Re，Rb1分别在9．24—92．4μg／mL，0．384—3．84μg／mL，5．55～1．355μg／mL的范围内，分别与峰面积呈良好的线性关系。平均回收率分别为100．71％，98．14％，100．94％，RSD分别为1.67％，0．44％，1．77％。结论该方法操作简单，重复性好．可用于评价妇康片中人参的质量。     

高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中姜黄素的含量

目的：建立保健食品中姜黄素的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法：采用ODS色谱柱，流动相为甲醇：5％醋酸=65：35，流速为1．0ml／min，检测波长为254nm，外标法测定姜黄素含量。结果：该方法姜黄素在10．0-100μg／ml浓度范围内线性关系良好，相关系数0．9999；相对标准偏差1．4％；回收率为93．3％-98．4％，最低检出限为0．02μg。结论：本方法操作简便，是保健食品中姜黄素准确而快捷的测定方法。     

高效液相色谱法测定保健食品中大豆异黄酮

目的：建立测定保健食品中大豆异黄酮含量的高效液相色谱法。方法：通过对流动相的优选，以甲醇：水=3：2为流动相，使染料木素、大豆苷元、大豆甙、染料木甙4种大豆异黄酮主要成分达到较好的分离效果，可分别测定4种成分含量及以此4种成分为主要成分的保健食品中大豆异黄酮含量。结果：方法的最低检出浓度分别为大豆甙1．9μg／ml、染料木甙1．2μg／ml、大豆苷元1．0μg／ml、染料木素0．8μg／ml；标准曲线线性范围分别为1．9—100μg／ml、1．2—100μg／ml、1．0—170μg／ml、0．8～140μg／ml；方法平均回收率分别为99．1％、98．5％、97．5％、98．8％；相对标准偏差均（10％。结论：建立的方法可准确、快速的测定大豆异黄酮的含量。     

HPLC-紫外检测法测定保健食品中违禁药品西地那非含量

目的建立高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定保健食品中违禁药品西地那非方法。方法采用C18柱,250mm×4．6mm×5μm;流动相：0．05mol／L磷酸三乙胺溶液（pH=3）：甲醇：乙腈：58：25：17,在291nm波长处检测其含量。结果获得理想的分离效果,本方法最低检出浓度为0．18μg／ml,线性范围为0．584～292μg/ml,方法平均回收率为95．0％,RDS〈10％。结论该方法适用于保健食品中违禁药品西地那非含量的测定。     

HPLC法测定保健食品中生物素的含量

[目的]建立HPLC测定保健食品中生物素含量的方法。[方法]色谱条件：Merk Lichrocart C18色谱柱;乙腈：0．05mol／L磷酸二氢钾=15：85,pH3．5为流动相;检测波长200nm进行测定。[结果]生物素的线性范围为1．17～11．7μg／ml,r=0．9996（n=6）,平均回收率98．8％,RSD值为1．22％。[结论]该方法操作简便、快速,准确度较高,可用于保健食品中生物素的质量控制。     

高效液相色谱法测定工作场所空气中甲基丙烯酸的研究

目的：建立工作场所空气中甲基丙烯酸的溶剂解吸高效液相色谱测定方法。方法：以硅胶管采集空气中甲基丙烯酸，用甲醇解吸后高效液相色谱测定。结果：甲基丙烯酸浓度在0．24—300μg／ml（以采集3L空气样品计，相当于空气中甲基丙烯酸的浓度在0．24～300mg／m^3）线性关系良好，回归方程Y=74359644．5X＋96317．1，r=0．9993（n=6），检出限为0．24μg／ml；方法精密度试验，相对标准偏差在0．7％～3．6％之间；平均解吸效率98．4％；200mg硅胶管穿透容量（BTV）〉14．3mg；200mg硅胶吸附420μg甲基丙烯酸，密闭放置1周，损失率〈10％；采样效率达100％。结论：本方法适用于工作场所空气中甲基丙烯酸的浓度测定。     

HPLC法与香草醛比色法测定保健品中的人参皂甙

〔目的〕应用高效液相色谱法和分光光度法分别同时检测保健食品中人参总皂甙的含量。〔方法〕高效液相色谱法采用短色谱柱 ,低乙晴体积分数 ,非线性梯度洗脱对 6种主要人参皂甙Rg1,Rb1,Re,Rb2 、Rc、Rd进行分析。〔结果〕方法回收率 95 .6 %～ 97.7% ,检出限 2 .2ng ,RSD =1.30 %～ 6 .90 %。分光光度法用大孔吸附树脂吸附人参总皂甙 ,经梯度洗脱处理 ,香草醛显色后测定人参总皂甙含量。方法回收率 :95 .6 %～ 10 7.4 % ,检出限 :1.2 5 μg,RSD =3.5 1%～ 4 .17%。两种方法测定人参总皂甙结果有显著性差异 (t=4 .5 1>t( 0 .0 5) =1.895 )。〔结论〕HPLC法适用于单个皂甙的测定 ,比色法适用于总皂甙含量的测定     

高效液相色谱法测定葛根类保健食品中葛根素、大豆苷、大豆苷元及染料木素

目的建立同时测定保健食品中葛根素、大豆苷、大豆苷元和染料木素含量的高效液相色谱测定法。方法选用PhenomenexLunaC18色谱柱（250mm×4．60mm,5μm）,甲醇一0．1％三氟乙酸（TFA）水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1．0ml／min,检测波长250nm。液相色谱仪测定。结果葛根素、大豆苷、大豆苷元和染料木素的质量浓度在0．1μg／ml～100μg／ml时与峰面积有良好线性关系,方法的回收率在90％一107％。结论高效液相色谱测定法简便、准确,重现性好,适用于含葛根素、大豆苷、大豆苷元和染料木素保健食品的质量控制。     

保健食品中人参总皂甙含量的测定

目的：建立保健食品中人参总皂甙含量的测定方法。方法：人参皂甙由乙醇提取,PT－大孔树脂预柱分离净化,提取物中人参总皂甙在酸性条件下与香草醛生成有色化合物,以人参皂甙Re为对照。结果：该方法能有效消除糖的干扰,回收率达89．6％－107．0％,西洋参胶囊重复测定9次,s＝1．703,CV％＝4．9,方法线性范围为5．0－200．0μg。结论：该方法的精度、准确度均达到分析方法要求。     

高效液相色谱法测定食品及保健品中维生素C含量的研究

目的：建立食品及保健食品中维生素C的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法：采用ODS C18柱分离；流动相为甲醇＋0．1％辛烷磺酸钠（7＋93）；流速1．00ml/min；二级管阵列检测器，检测波长230nm。结果：本方法线性范围为0．30～16．0μg／ml，加标回收率在97％～101．0％之间，RSD在0．56％～1．81％之间，方法检出限为0．301μg／ml。结论：该方法简便、快速、准确，适用于食品及保健食品中维生素C含量的测定。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.