Reamed or unreamed intramedullary nailing for tibial fractures: a meta-analysis

Objective：To compare the treating effects of different intramedullary nailing methods on tibial fractures in adults.Methods：Literature reports in both Chinese and English languages were retrieved （from the earliest available records to October 1,2013） from the PubMed,FMJS,CNKI,Wanfang Data using randomized controlled trials （RCTs） to compare reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing for treatment of tibial fractures.Methodological quality of the trials was critically assessed,and relevant data were extracted.Statistical software Revman 5.0 was used for data-analysis.Results：A total of 12 randomized controlled trials,comprising 985 patients （475 in the unreamed group and 510 in the reamed group）,were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis.The results of metaanalysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences between the two methods in the reported outcomes of infection （RR=0.64; 95％CI,0.39 to 1.07;P=0.09）,compartment syndrome （RR=1.44; 95％CI,0.8to 2.41; P=0.16）,thrombosis （RR=1.29; 95％CI,0.43to 3.87; P=0.64）,time to union （WMD=5.01; 95％CI,-1.78 to 11.80; P=0.15）,delayed union （nonunion）（RR=1.56; 95％CI,0.97 to 2.49; P=0.06）,malunion （RR=1.75; 95％CI,1.00 to 3.08; P=0.05） and knee pain （RR=0.94; 95％CI,0.73 to 1.22; P=0.66）.But there was a significantly higher fixation failure rate in the unreamed group than in the reamed group （RR=4.29; 95％CI,2.58to 7.14; P＜0.00001）.Conclusion：There is no significant difference in the reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing for the treatment of tibial fractures,but our result recommends reamed nails for the treatment of closed tibial fractures for their lower fixation failure rate.     

Three-dimensional printing combined with open reduction and internal fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of acetabular fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: This meta-analysis compared the clinical outcome of three-dimensional (3D) printing combined with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to traditional ORIF in the treatment of acetabular fractures. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, VIP database, CNKI, and Wanfang database with keywords “acetabular fracture”, “3D printing”, “three-dimensional printing”, “open reduction and internal fixation”, “Acetabulum”, “Acetabula” from January 2000 to March 2020. Two reviewers independently selected articles, extracted data, assessed the quality evidence and risk bias of included trials using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tools and/or NewcastleeOttawa scale. When the two analysts had different opinions, they would ask the third analyst for opinion. Randomized controlled trials or retrospective comparative studies of 3D printing combined with ORIF (3D printing group) versus traditional ORIF (conventional group) in the treatment of acetabular fractures were selected. The data of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, incidence of complications, excellent and good rate of Matta score for reduction, and excellent and good rate of hip function score were extracted. Stata14.0 statistical software was used for data analysis. Results: Altogether 9 articles were selected, including 5 randomized controlled trials and 4 retrospective studies. A total of 467 patients were analyzed, 250 in the conventional group, and 217 in the 3D printing group. The operation time in the 3D printing group was less than that in the conventional group and the difference was statistically significant (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.55 to 0.82, p < 0.05). The intraoperative bleeding volume of the 3D printing group was significantly lower than that of the conventional group (SMD = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.65 to 0.51, p < 0.05). The fluoroscopy times were less in the 3D printing group than in the conventional group and the difference was statistically significant (SMD = 1.64, 95% CI: 2.35 to 0.93, p < 0.05). The total incidence of complications in the 3D printing group was significantly lower than that in the conventional group (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.24-0.79, p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of Matta score for reduction between the two groups (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.34-1.06, p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the excellent and good rate of hip function score at the end of postoperative follow-up between the two groups (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.46-1.56, p > 0.05), but the follow-up time varies from 6 months to 40 months. Conclusion: Compared with traditional ORIF, 3D printing combined with ORIF has certain advantages in terms that 3D printing not only helps surgeons to understand acetabular fractures more intuitively, but also effectively reduces operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, and postoperative complications. However, there were no significant differences in the excellent and good rate of Matta score for reduction and the excellent and good rate of hip function score at the end of follow-up.     

腹腔镜结直肠癌手术疗效及安全性的系统评价

目的 系统评价腹腔镜与开腹手术切除治疗结直肠癌的疗效及安全性.方法 采用Cochrane系统评价方法,检索Embase、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、Sciencedirect、Springer、VIP、CNKI、CBMdisc等数据库中2000年1月至2010年10月公开发表的腹腔镜与开腹手术切除治疗结直肠癌的随机对照试验(RCT),对符合纳入标准的研究进行质量评价和资料提取,并采用RevMan 5.0对腹腔镜与开腹手术切除治疗结直肠癌的疗效及安全性进行meta分析.结果 共纳入13项RCT,共计4603例患者.其中6项为多中心RCT.meta分析结果显示:腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组(加权均数差值WMD=38.91,95% CI:33.89～43.93,P＜0.001),术中失血量少于开腹组(WMD=-138.14,95% CI:-195.79～-80.50,P＜0.001),总住院时间少于开腹组(WMD=2.91,95%CI:-4.65～-1.17,P=0.001);两组淋巴结清扫数量、术后并发症(30 d)发生率、3年总生存率、5年总生存率、5年总复发率的差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).结论 腹腔镜辅助下行结直肠癌根治术的短期和长期结果均表明其有效并且安全,有望成为结直肠癌治疗的新选择.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate and compare the efficiency and safety of laparoscopic surgery (LS) and open surgery (OS) in the treatment of colorectal carcinoma. Methods Randomized controlled trials on laparoscopic surgery and open surgery for colorectal carcinoma from January 2000 to October 2010were searched in the databases of EMbase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Sciencedirect, Springer, VIP,CNKI, CBMdisc. The methodological quality was assessed according to the standard of Cochrane systematic review. For homogeneous studies, RevMan5.0 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 13 RCTs involving 4603 patients were included in this study, and among those 6 were multi-center randomized controlled trials. The meta-analysis showed that: the operation time of the LS group was longer than that of the OS group ( WMD = 38. 91, 95% CI: 33.89-43.93, P ＜ 0. 001 ), the blood loss ( WMD =- 138. 14, 95% CI:-195. 79-80. 50, P ＜ 0. 001 ) and the length of hospital stay ( WMD = 2. 91, 95%CI: -4. 65-1.17, P =0. 001 ) of the LS group was less than those in OS group. There was no significant differences between the two groups in the number of dissected lymph nodes( WMD = -0. 62, 95% CI:- 1.47-0. 23, P = 0.150). There was no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the postoperative complications(30 days) (RR =0.78,95% CI:0. 59-1.01, P = 0. 06 ). There was no significant differences between the two groups in 3-year overall survival ( RR = 1.00, 95% CI :0. 96-1.04, P = 0. 970).There was no significant differences between the two groups in 5-year overall survival (RR = 1.03, 95% CI:0. 99-1.08, P = 0. 140 ). There was no significant differences between the two groups in 5-year overall recurrence ( RR = 0. 89,95% CI:0. 74-1.07, P = 0. 200). Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal carcinoma is a safe and effective therapy as open surgery in the short term or long term outcomes. It could be an acceptable alternative to open surgery for colorectal carcinoma.     

人工髋关节翻修旋转中心重建的临床研究

目的 探讨在人工髋关节翻修手术中,根据Harris窝及髋臼切迹的残存解剖标记,定位髋臼中心点,正确安装髋臼假体和重建髋关节旋转中心的可行性.方法 2007年4月至2009年6月,行28例髋关节翻修术.依据Paprosky分型:Ⅰ型3例,采用生物固定型髋臼假体;ⅡA和ⅡB型8例,采用打压颗粒骨植骨和大直径骨水泥型髋臼假体固定;ⅡC、ⅢA和ⅢB型17例,采用打压颗粒骨植骨和髋臼加强杯固定,其中5例有髋臼内壁穿透者采用结构性和颗粒性植骨.手术中在髋臼切迹连线的垂直平分线上方25～28mm、Harris窝窝内头侧接近原月状软骨面处,定位为原髋臼中心点,以该点为同心圆的圆心安装髋臼杯假体(Ⅰ型)或打压植骨造臼,按照俯倾角40°～45°、前倾角15°～20°安放髋臼加强杯(Ⅱ、Ⅲ型).手术前后摄双侧髋关节正位X线片,测量髋关节旋转中心至两侧泪滴连线的垂直距离和至泪滴的水平距离.分别与术前和健侧比较,评价髋关节旋转中心的重建效果.结果 髋关节旋转中心至两侧泪滴连线的垂直距离:术前为(32.64±4.51)mm,术后为(14.22±3.39)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=3.65,P＜0.05).髋关节旋转中心至泪滴的水平距离:术前为(25.13±3.46)mm,术后为(32.87±4.73)mm,差异有统计学意义(t=2.72,P＜0.05).结论 在髋关节翻修手术中,以残存的Harris窝和髋臼切迹为解剖标记,定位髋臼中心点,能够较准确地安装髋臼假体和有效重建髋关节旋转中心.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the feasibility of positioning the acetabular center,fixing acetabular implant correctly and reconstructing hip rotation center according to Harris fossa and the remaining anatomical markers of acetabular notch in revision hip arthroplasty.Methods Twenty-eight patients underwent revision hip arthroplasty from April 2007 to June 2009.Based on Paprosky type,3 cases with type Ⅰ were treated with biological fixed acetabular component;8 cases with ⅡA and ⅡB were reconstructed with using of morselized bone grafting and large diameter cemented acetabular prosthesis;17 cases with type ⅡC,ⅢA and ⅢB were treated with using of morselized bone grafting and fixation of acetabular reinforcement ring.Among them,5 patients with massive bone loss in acetabular wall were reconstructed with the use of the structural and morselized bone grafting.The center of the original acetabulum was believed to be in the lunate cartilage surface which was closed to Harris fossa.During the operation,the center was located in the site which was 25-28 mm above in line with perpendicular bisector of acetabular notch connecting line.The acetabular center was the point of positioning acetabular prosthesis (Ⅰ type) or making new acetabulum by impaction bone grafting.Acetabular reinforcement ring (Ⅱ,Ⅲ type) was fixed in accordance with proper transverse angle and anteversion angle.The vertical distance from hip rotation center to teardrop connection and the horizontal distance from hip rotation center to teardrop were measured on preoperative and postoperative radiograph.And the outcomes of reconstruction of rotation center were evaluated.Results The vertical distance was changed from (14.22±3.39) mm preoperatively to (32.64±4.51) mm postoperatively.The difference was statistically significant (t=3.65,P＜ 0.05).The horizontal distance was changed from (25.13±3.46)mm preoperatively to (32.87±4.73) mm postoperatively.The difference was statistically significant (t=2.72,P＜0.05).Conclusion Using residual Harris fossa and acetabular notch as the anatomical markers in revision hip arthroplasty,the restoration of the anatomical hip center has shown to be favorable.     

Predictive values of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,monocyte to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lym-phocyte ratio for delirium after hip fracture surgery in the elderly北大核心CSCD

Objective To explore the predictive values of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for postoperative delirium in the elderly patients with hip fracture. Methods The data of 1,278 elderly patients with hip fracture were analyzed retrospectively who had been admitted to Department of Orthopedics, The 7th Medical Center, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army from January 2012 to December 2018. There were 418 males and 860 females, with a median age of 81 (75, 90) years. There were 728 intertrochanteric fractures and 550 femoral neck fractures. The working characteristic curves (ROC) of NLR, MLR, and PLR used to predict postoperative delirium in the elderly patients with hip fracture were worked out to obtain the best cutoff points (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve) respectively. According to the best cutoff points, the NLR, MLR, and PLR were respectively divided into an increase group and a normal group. According to whether postoperative delirium occurred or not, the patients were divided into a delirium group and a delirium-free group. After univariable analysis was conducted to screen out the risk factors, binary logistic regression analysis was conducted of the factors with P<0.05 to determine the risk factors. Results The median values of NLR, MLR and PLR in the 1,278 elderly patients with hip fracture at admission were 5.43 (3.87, 7.88), 0.40 (0.29, 0.54) and 158.40 (118.00, 222.50), respectively. Postoperative delirium occurred in 153 patients (12.0%). In the study of the predictive values of NLR, MLR, and PLR using ROC curves for postoperative delirium in the elderly patients with hip fracture, the best cutoff points (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve) for prediction were 7.613 (57.5%, 77.1%, 0.726), 0.512 (52.3%, 74.0%, 0.663), and 201.125 (68.6%, 73.3%, 0.751), respectively. The risk factors for postoperative delirium were increased NLR (OR=2.046, 95% CI: 1.322 to 3.166, P<0.001), increased MLR (OR=1.568, 95% CI: 1.039 to 2.367, P=0.032), and increased PLR (OR=3.489, 95% CI: 2.290 to 5.317, P<0.001). Conclusion As NLR≥7.613, MLR≥0.512 and PLR≥201.125 may be risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture, NLR, MLR and PLR may have a positive value in prediction of postoperative delirium. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma. All rights reserved.     

经骨膜下分离骨膜-腱-囊复合组织瓣的全髋关节置换后路重建技术

目的 探讨骨膜-腱-囊复合组织瓣的骨膜下分离与重建技术对修复髋关节后方稳定结构的作用.方法回顾性分析2002年7月至2010年1月采用骨膜-腱-囊复合组织瓣的骨膜下分离与重建技术行初次伞髋关节置换术的177例患者资料,作为研究组,男75例,女102例;平均年龄为(68.5±8.2)岁.以同期采用大转子钻孔重建技术行全髋关节置换术的150例患者作为对照组,男65例,女85例;平均年龄为(73.0±4.9)岁.通过分析2种重建技术的即时效果、后期效果及功能预后,评估新术式的临床价值.结果研究组与对照组患者的平均临界撕裂角度分别为42.0°±8.2°、35.0°±5.7°;术后3个月关节囊充盈率分别为72.3%(128/177)、53.3%(80/150),大转子区骨密度平均分别为(1.535 ±0.020)、(0.811±0.148)g/cm2,以上指标两组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).327例患者术后获12～36个月(平均25.5个月)随访.末次随访时研究组与对照组Harris评分平均分别为(89.7±5.9)、(91.4±11.5)分,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).研究组与对照组Oxford髋关节评分平均分别为(53.2±0.8)、(45.4±1.6)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论骨膜-腱-囊组织瓣分离与重建技术结合了弹性终点与骨性愈合的重建方式,在重建完整性、稳定性及愈合方式方面效果更理想,且可获得更满意的功能预后.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effect of a modified posterior repair via per-subperiosteal stripping and reattaching a periosteum-tendon-capsular compound tissue flap on the posterior stability of the hip joint in total hip arthroplasty (THA) . Methods From July 2002 through January 2010, 177 patients (study group), 75 males and 102 females with an average age of 68. 5 ± 8. 2 years, were treated with the modified posterior repair to reconstruct the posterior structures. They were compared with other contemporary 150 patients (control group), 65 males and 85 females with an average age of 73. 0 ±4. 9 years, who were treated with traditional THA by drilling in the greater trochanter. The new technique was evaluated by comparing the instant, long-term and functional outcomes of the 2 groups. Results All the patients of the 2 groups obtained an average follow-up of 25. 5 months (from 12 to 36 months). The average impending avulsion angle was 42. 0°± 8. 2° in the study group compared with 35. 0°± 5. 7° in the control group ( P < 0. 05). Three months after operation, the capsular replenishing rate was 72.3% (128/177) in the study group versus 53. 3% (80/150) in the control group ( P < 0. 05); the bone mineral density was 1. 535 ±0. 020 g/cm2 in the study group compared to 0. 811 ±0. 148 g/cm2 in the control group ( P < 0. 05). At the last follow-up,no significant difference was found in Harris scores between the 2 groups (89. 7 ±5. 9 versus 91. 4 ± 11. 5, P >0. 05), but significant difference was found in Oxford Hip Score between the 2 groups(53. 2 ±0. 8 versus 45. 4 ± 1. 6, P < 0. 05). Conclusion The modified posterior repair via per-subperiosteal stripping and reattaching a periosteum-tendon-capsular compound tissue flap can result in more satisfactory outcomes in integrity, stability, healing pattern and function of the hip, because it is a combination of elastic endpoint repair and bony union.     

大直径股骨头金属对金属全髋关节置换术的近期临床疗效

目的 评价大直径股骨头(大头)金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节疾病的近期疗效,回顾性分析影响该类全髋关节置换术临床疗效的因素.方法 对2007年10月至12月,采用大头金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗晚期髋关节疾病患者41例(49髋)进行术后随访.临床评估以Harris评分为标准,记录患髋的活动范围及并发症发生情况.影像学评估根据随访骨盆X线片及患髋正、侧位X线片,测量髋臼外展角、前倾角,记录髋臼和股骨假体周围透亮线和骨溶解情况.结果 截至随访终点,共39例(47髋)获得2年以上随访,平均随访25个月,随访率为95.1%.Harris评分由术前的(43.8±13.1)分提高到末次随访时的(92.0±5.4)分.患髋活动度较术前明显改善,术后3个月屈髋由79.8°增加至110.2°,外展由20.9°增加至38.3°,外旋由12.0°增加至26.0°;术后2年屈髋平均可达113.2°,外展可达40.2°,外旋可达30.8°.术后患者轻度跛行3例,大腿不适2例,所有患者均无感染、假体周围骨折、术后假体松动或脱位、术后异位骨化发生.X线片显示:关节假体位置正常,髋臼假体外展角为39.5°±4.9°,前倾角为14.5°±2.1°,髋臼未见松动、移位.术后均未发现透亮线和假体周围骨溶解.结论 大头金属对金属全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节疾病具有良好的近期疗效,特别适用于活动量大、预期寿命较长的年轻患者.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes associated with total hip arthroplasty (THA) using metal-on-metal prosthesis with large diameter femoral head.Methods From October 2007 to December 2007,41 patients (49 hips) underwent large diameter femoral head metal-on-metal THA in our hospital were involved in this study.Clinical outcomes measures were Harris score,hip range of motion and incidence of complications.Abduction angle and anteversion angle of cup were measured on radiological films.The radiolucent line and osteolysis around the prosthesis were also recorded.Results Thirty-nine patients (47 hips) were followed up at least 2 years.The average Harris hip score had improved from (43.8±13.1) points preoperatively to (92.0±5.4) points at final follow-up.All the patients had attained satisfactory results.No late complication happened.For the rang of motion at final follow-up:flexion of the hip had improved from 79.8° to 113.2°,abduction had improved from 20.9° to 40.2°,external rotation had improved from 12.0° to 30.8°.Radiological measurement showed the mean abduction angle of cup was 39.5°±4.9°,the mean anteversion angle of cup was 14.5°±2.1°.No radiolucent line and osteolysis were found after THA.Conclusion The short-term effects of THA using metal-on-metal prosthesis with large diameter femoral head is encouraging,especially for young patients.     

腹腔镜手术治疗直肠癌疗效的Meta分析

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes after laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.Methods A systematic literature search (Medline,Embase,Cochrane Library) as of March 2010 was performed to identify all eligible studies.Two reviewers independently screened and extracted the data.Differences in short-term and long-term clinical outcomes after laparoscopic resection (LR)and open resection (OR) were analyzed using RevMan 5.Results A total of 1042 abstracts were retrieved and 16 clinical controlled studies finally included.The total number of patients was 2850.There were 1145 patients received LR and 1705 received OR.The analyses showed that LR had longer operative time (WMD=42.50,95% CI:29.27 to 55.74,P＜0.05),less harvested lymph nodes (WMD=-0.94,95% CI:-1.47 to -0.41 ,P＜0.05),and less blood loss(WMD=-158.46,95% CI:-221.08 to -95.84,P＜0.05)as compared to OR.LR was superior to OR in terms of surgical mortality (OR=0.40,95% CI:0.18 to 0.92,P=0.03),postoperative complications (OR=0.73,95% CI:0.61 to 0.87,P＜0.05),and 5-year overall survival rate (OR=1.56,95% CI:1.21 to 2.02,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in positive rate of circumferential resection margin between the two groups(OR=1.00,95% CI:0.45 to 2.20,P=1.00).Conclusion Compared to open surgery,short-term and longterm clinical outcomes after laparoscopic surgery are favorable.     

金属对金属与金属对聚乙烯假体全髋关节置换术近期疗效比较研究

目的：比较大直径金属对金属（MOM）与金属对聚乙烯（MOP）假体全髋关节置换（THA）的近期疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2010年1月在苏州大学附属第一医院骨科行THA手术的44例（44髋）患者的临床资料,其中MOM组（22例22髋）采用大直径MOM承重界面假体,MOP组（22例22髋）采用MOP承重界面假体。对两组术中髋关节活动度,术后下床活动时间、Harris评分、影像学表现及并发症进行比较。结果两组术中髋关节屈曲、内收、外展、屈髋内旋、屈髋外旋活动度比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。全部患者获得随访,MOM组术后平均随访30个月（18～37个月）,MOP组术后平均随访25个月（16～35个月）。MOM组和MOP组术后下床活动时间分别为（3±1）d和（7±2）d,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。术前,术后l、3、6、12个月及末次随访时,MOM组和MOP组Harris评分分别为（37.8±4.8）、（85.6±3.2）、（89.4±4.1）、（94.5±2.3）、（94.7±3.1）、（93.8±3.6）分和（38.5±5.5）、（80.2±4.4）、（83.6±2.9）、（90.8±2.7）、（91.6±3.6）、（89.6±6.3）分,术后各时相点与术前比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组术后不同时相点比较,MOM组均高于MOP组（P ＜0.05）。术后12个月MOM组和MOP组髋关节总活动范围分别为（236±9）°和（203±10）°,与术前的（119±14）°和（112±15）°比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后12个月MOM组髋关节活动度优于MOP组（P ＜0.05）。X线片检查示MOM组22髋股骨假体位于中立位,无内外翻,无股骨假体下沉;MOP组1髋轻度内翻位,术后6个月1髋出现＜1.5 mm的下沉,至末次随访股骨假体位置无明显改变。至末次随访,两组患者均未出现脱位、感染、神经损伤、深静脉血栓、假体无菌性松动、髋臼及股骨骨折或骨溶解等并发症。结论与MOP比较,采用大直径MOM行THA能够增加髋关节活动度,更为有效地恢复髋关节功能,术后可早期下床活动,临床效果明显。     

硬膜外注气对脊椎-硬膜外联合阻滞时腰穿的影响

Objective To investigate the effect of injection of air into the epidural space on the subarachnoid puncture during the combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) .Methods Two hundred and ten ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ parturients who were at full term with a singleton fetus, aged 20-42 yr, weighing 57-82 kg (height 152-170cm) , undergoing cesarean section under CSEA, were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 70 each) : hanging drop technique group (group Ⅰ ) and injection of small volume of air group (group Ⅱ ) and injection of large volume of air group ( group Ⅲ ) . The epidural space was indentified using hanging drop technique in group Ⅰ and using loss of resistance to air technique in Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups. Injection of air was stopped as soon as the clear loss of resistance identified the epidural space in group Ⅱ , whereas all 4 ml of air was injected in group Ⅲ . After the epidural space was confirmed at L3,4 interspace, a 25-gauge spinal needle protruding 14 mm beyond the 18-gauge epidural needle was introduced through the epidural needle. Subarachnoid placement was confirmed by backflow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) . If no backflow of CSF was observed, the spinal needle was withdrawn and an epidural catheter was inserted through the epidural needle to perform epidural anesthesia. Successful subarachnoid puncture, failures to observe backflow of CSF and adverse reactions were recorded. Results The three groups were comparable with respect to age, height, body weight and gestation weeks. The success rate of subarachnoid puncture was 91% ,93% and 79% in Ⅰ ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups respectively, and it was significantly higher in Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups than in group Ⅲ ( P < 0.05) . There was no significant difference in the success rate of subarachnoid puncture between Ⅰand Ⅱ groups ( P > 0.05) . Bilateral segmental analgesia presented in all cases who received only epidural anesthesia after no backflow of CSF was observed, and the expected analgesia also presented in all cases in whom back flow of CSF was observed. No adverse reactions occurred. Conclusion Injection of air into the epidural space is related to the success of subarachnoid puncture during CSEA and injection of a large volume of air lowers the success rate.     

大直径金属对金属与金属对聚乙烯全髋关节置换初步疗效比较

目的 比较金属对金属(MOM)大直径全髋关节置换术后与金属对聚乙烯(MOP)全髋关节置换术后的近期疗效.方法 2007年6月至2008年12月采用髋关节后外侧入路对30例(30髋)进行MOM大直径全髋关节置换术(MOM组),男12例,女18例;平均年龄60.3岁;平均体质量指数23.7 kg/m2;术前Harris评分平均为(36±15)分.同期采用后外侧入路对30例(30髋)进行MOP全髋关节置换术(MOP组),男9例,女21例;平均年龄62.4岁;平均体质量指数23.4 kg/m2;术前Harris评分平均为(34±17)分.对两组患者的术后功能恢复及影像学进行比较.结果 术后随访12～18个月(平均14.4个月),两组患者均未发生感染、骨折脱位及神经损伤等并发症,MOP组有1例患者术后2个月形成深静脉血栓.术后1、3、6、12个月Harris评分MOM组平均分别为(86±3)、(90±3)、(95±4)、(92±4)分,MOP组平均分别为(78±4)、(84±3)、(90±4)、(92±4)分.术后1、3、6个月两组Harris评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后MOM组髋关节总活动范围平均为239.2°±21.9°,屈髋平均为135.4°±10.9°;MOP组髋关节总活动范围平均为190.1°±16.7°,屈髋平均为95.3°±11.3°,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 MOM大直径全髋关节置换相比传统MOP全髋关节置换短期疗效好,其中远期疗效需进一步观察.     

Large head metal-on-metal cementless total hip arthroplasty versus 28mm metal-on-polyethylene cementless total hip arthroplasty: design of a randomized controlled trial

Background  

Osteoarthritis of the hip is successfully treated by total hip arthroplasty with metal-on-polyethylene articulation. Polyethylene wear debris can however lead to osteolysis, aseptic loosening and failure of the implant. Large head metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty may overcome polyethylene wear induced prosthetic failure, but can increase systemic cobalt and chromium ion concentrations. The objective of this study is to compare two cementless total hip arthroplasties: a conventional 28 mm metal-on-polyethylene articulation and a large head metal-on-metal articulation. We hypothesize that the latter arthroplasties show less bone density loss and higher serum metal ion concentrations. We expect equal functional scores, greater range of motion, fewer dislocations, fewer periprosthetic radiolucencies and increased prosthetic survival with the metal-on-metal articulation.     

生物型与水泥型单髁置换术治疗膝关节病的Meta分析

目的比较生物型与水泥型人工膝关节单髁置换术治疗内侧间室膝骨关节病的临床疗效。 方法检索Pubmed、荷兰医学文摘数据库(Embase)、循证医学数据库(Cochrane Library)、Web of science、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和万方数据库2000年1月至2019年10月所有关于生物型与水泥型人工膝关节单髁置换术治疗内侧间室膝关节病的临床随机对照研究(RCT)和非随机对照研究(CCT)。排除重复文献,低质量文献,观察指标不符文献以及无法获得全文的文献。采用Cochrane风险评估工具及纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(NOS)对纳入研究的文献进行质量评价。使用Revman 5.3进行Meta分析,比较两种固定方式在假体周围透亮线,5年假体生存率,牛津大学膝关节评分(OKS),并发症,手术时间等方面的差异。 结果共纳入文献9篇,累计病例18 702例,其中生物组8 735例,水泥组9 967例。Meta分析结果显示：生物型单髁组与水泥型单髁组比较,生物型单髁组假体周围完全透亮线的发生率更低[比值比(OR)＝0.08,95%置信区间(CI)(0.01,0.42),P＝0.003],膝关节OKS功能评分更高[均数差(MD)＝2.08,95%CI(0.51,3.65),P＝0.009],5年假体生存率更高[OR＝1.39,95% CI(1.20,1.60),P<0.0001],手术时间更短[MD＝-9.23,95% CI(-13.72,-4.74),P<0.0001],在并发症的发生率方面,两组间差异无统计学意义[OR＝0.43,95% CI(0.17,1.09),P＝0.07]。 结论与水泥型单髁相比,生物型单髁可以降低假体周围完全透亮线的发生率,提高膝关节功能及5年假体生存率,缩短手术时间,且不会增加并发症的发生,在临床值得推广应用。     

关节置换术与内固定术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折的系统评价

目的 系统评价关节置换术和内固定术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效. 方法 计算机检索Medline(1966年1月至2009年9月),荷兰医学文摘(1966年1月至2009年9月),Cochrane图书馆(2008年第1期)、中国生物医学文献数据库(截止2009年9月),中国学术期刊网(截止2009年9月),手工检索相关参考文献及中文期刊,收集所有关节置换术与内固定术比较治疗老年人(>60岁)移位型股骨颈骨折的随机对照试验(RCT),筛选出符合纳入标准的文献,对其进行严格的质量评价后应用RevMan4.2.8软件进行Meta分析. 结果 共纳入18个RCT,包含2561例患者.Meta分析结果显示,关节置换术术后2年再手术率(RR=0.13,95%CI 0.09～0.17)、5年再手术率(RR=0.11,95%CI 0.06～0.22)及术后2年主要并发症发生率(RR=0.20,95% CI 0.15～0.27)、5年主要并发症发生率(RR=0.18,95% CI 0.1 1～0.30)均低于内固定术.但二者术后1个月和2年病死率差异均无统计学意义(RR=1.42,95%CI 0.89～2.24;RR=1.01,95%CI 0.86～1.18).结论 与内固定术相比,关节置换术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折可明显降低术后主要并发症的发生率及再次手术率,但两种术式的术后2年病死率无明显差异.     

Optimal bearing surfaces for total hip replacement in the young patient: a meta-analysis

Although there is general consensus about the efficacy of total hip replacement (THR) in young patients, the most appropriate bearings in young patients remain highly debated. The three most popular bearings in use include metal-on-polyethylene (MOP), metal-on-metal (MOM) and ceramic-on-ceramic (COC). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature to summarise the best available evidence on relative success of the three most popular bearings used in THR in young active patients. Our findings support the use of MOM bearings in the management of the young arthritic hip. These findings, largely based upon observational studies, should be taken in the context of the limitations of such non-randomised study designs.     

Effect of Bearing Type on Taper Material Loss in Hips From 1 Manufacturer

Background

Numerous studies have reported on clinical significant volumes of material loss and corrosion at the head-stem junction of metal-on-metal (MOM) hips; less is understood about metal-on-polyethylene (MOP) hips. We compared the effect of bearing type (MOM vs MOP) on taper material loss for a hip system of a single design.

保留后交叉与不保留后交叉韧带人工膝关节置换术术后效果的Meta分析

目的对人工膝关节置换术保留后交叉韧带与不保留后交叉韧带术后效进行评价。方法按照Cochrane系统评价的方法,计算机检索下列数据库：Medline（1995／2012435）、Pubmed（1995／2012435）、SPINGER（1995／2012435）、JohnWiley（1995／2012435）、ScienceDirect（1995／2012-05）、EBSCO（1995／2012435）、CNKI（1995／2012435）、万方数数据库（1995／2012435）,并采用手工检索等方法收集会议文献。收集所有相关随机对照试验,采用Cochrane协作网提供的软件Revman4．2进行Meta分析。结果经过筛选,共纳入5个临床随机对照实验共685个患者。Meta分析结果显示两组患者术后疼痛评分均降低,但保留后交叉组比不保留后交叉组下降更明显[RR=-1．07,95％a为（-1．86,-0．29）,P〈0．01]。两组患者术后功能评分较术前明显增高,但是保留后交叉组与不保留后叉组术后无统计学差异[RR=-3．34,95％CI为（-7．18,0．50）,P〉0．05]。两组患者术后SF生理评分无统计学差异[RR=-1．26,95％CI为（-3．72,1．21）,P〉0．05]。两组患者术后SF心理评分无统计学差异[RR=-1．53,95％CI为（-3．88,0．83）,P〉0．05]。两组患者术后关节僵硬发生率比较无统计学差异[RR=3．08,95％C／为（0．81,11．65）,P〉0．05]。两组患者术后并发症发生率比较无统计学差异[RR=0．77,95％CI为（0．26,2．35）,P〉0．05]。结论保留后交叉较不保留后交叉韧带人工膝关节置换术更能减轻疼痛评分、而两者术后膝关节功能评分、SF心理评分、SF生理评分、术后并发症都无明显差异。     

Elevated serum concentrations of cobalt, chromium, nickel, and manganese after metal-on-metal alloarthroplasty of the hip: a prospective randomized study

In this prospective randomized study, we investigate metal ion concentrations and clinical outcome 2 years after metal-on-metal (28 patients) or metal-on-polyethylene (26 patients) hip arthroplasty with 28-mm modular heads. Metal ion concentrations in patient serum were analyzed by high-resolution plasma mass spectrometry. The clinical outcome was almost identical in both groups with respect to the Harris hip score and the Medical Outcome Study Short Form–36; and on plain radiography, no signs of loosening occurred in any group. In the metal-on-metal group, concentrations of all investigated ions increased significantly when compared with preoperative values: cobalt, 15.3-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 9.4-21.2); chromium, 5.2-fold (CI, 3.5-7.0); nickel, 2.1-fold (CI, 1.2-3.0); and manganese, 1.6-fold (CI, 1.3-2.0). In the metal-on-polyethylene group, a smaller but significant increase in the concentrations of cobalt and nickel occurred, whereas concentrations of the other ions did not change significantly.