应用胫骨Ⅰ期短缩加Ⅱ期延长治疗严重胫骨开放性骨折

目的 评价应用胫骨Ⅰ期短缩加Ⅱ期延长的方法治疗严重胫骨开放性骨折的临床效果.方法 自2006年5月至2009年8月应用胫骨Ⅰ期短缩加Ⅱ期延长治疗5例严重胫骨开放骨折患者,均为男性;年龄23～41岁,平均35岁.清创和胫骨短缩后用单边外固定支架临时固定,血管损伤者行动脉吻合.1例伤口Ⅰ期闭合,2例经植皮后愈合,2例分别通过腓肠神经营养支筋膜瓣和交腿皮瓣闭合伤口.伤口愈合后从胫骨近端做截骨,应用Ilizarov架行胫骨延长,恢复小腿的长度.胫骨短缩3～5 cm,平均4.2 cm.结果 所有患者术后获18～24个月(平均20个月)随访.患者骨折短缩处伤口均获愈合,无一例发生感染.全部患者骨折均获愈合,愈合时间为6～12.5个月,平均9.6个月,平均愈合指数1.7个月/cm,患肢长度均恢复,与健侧无差别.按Paley功能评价标准:优3例,良1例,可1例.结论 应用胫骨Ⅰ期短缩加Ⅱ期延长治疗严重胫骨开放性骨折,具有安全可靠、简化治疗过程及减少皮瓣应用等优点,是一种较好的方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate clinical results of primary shortening plus secondary lengthening of the tibia for sever tibial fractures. Methods From May 2006 to August 2009, 5 men with severe open tibial fracture were treated with primary shortening plus secondary lengthening of the tibia in our center. They were aged from 23 to 41 years (average, 35 years) . Four cases were Gustilo type MB and one was Gustilo type M C. The primary procedure included debridement, shortening of the tibia and temporary fixation with a unilateral external fixator, and arterial anastomosis in cases of vessel injury. The wounds healed primarily in one case, after skin graft in 2 cases, and after flap transplantation in 2 cases. After wound healing, secondary lengthening of the tibia was performed following osteotomy of the proximal tibia with an Ilizarov fixator to restore the length of the injured leg. The average shortening was 4. 2 cm (range, 3 to 5 cm). Results The average follow-up period was 20 months (range, 18 to 24 months). All the wounds were healed without signs of osteomyelitis. All the fractures united. The mean bone healing time was 9. 6 months (range, 6 to 12. 5 months) . The average healing index was 1. 7 months/cm. A normal length was restored in all the affected lower limbs. By Paley functional assessment system, 3 cases were excellent, one was good and one was fair. Conclusion Primary shortening plus secondary lengthening of the tibia is a reliable and successful method for sever tibial fractures, because it can simplify management and minimize the need for flap coverage.     

Proximal tibial osteotomy for genu varum: Radiological evaluation of deformity correction with a plate vs external fixator

BACKGROUND High tibial osteotomy(HTO) is a well-known procedure for the correction of knee varus. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiological results and accuracy of deformity correction performed using two different techniques: acute opening wedge correction using a plate and gradual correction with a monolateral external fixator.AIM To compare of the radiological results of two different techniques: acute opening wedge correction(a plate and screw) and gradual correction(external fixator).METHODS A total of 43 patients with plates and 36 patients with external fixators were included. All patients had moderate uniplanar varus deformities. We measured radiographic parameters, including the mechanical axis deviation(MAD), medial proximal tibial angle(MPTA), Caton-Deschamps Index(CDI), posterior proximal tibial angle, and joint line obliquity angle(JLOA). The accuracy of MAD correction was calculated based on a correction goal of neutral or overcorrection for medial compartment arthritis.RESULTS Demographics including age, body mass index, sex, and preoperative deformities were similar between the groups. The MAD significantly improved from 23.6 mm medial to the midline(SD = 8.2 mm) to 6.9 mm lateral to the midline(SD = 5.4 mm)(P 0.001). The accuracy of MAD correction did not differ between the groups and was 96.1%(SD = 8.1%) in the plate group and 98.2%(SD = 5.2%) in the external fixator group(P = 0.18). The MPTA significantly improved from 83.9°(SD = 2.9°) to 90.9°(SD = 3.3°)(P 0.001), and the change was similar between the groups. Differences were noted in patella height, with a CDI change of-19.2%(SD = 13.7%) and 3.1%(SD = 8.0%) for the plate and external fixator groups, respectively(P 0.001). The change in JLOA was 1.6 degrees(SD = 1.1 degrees) and 0.9 degrees(SD = 0.9 degrees) for the plate and external fixator groups, respectively(P = 0.04).CONCLUSION Reliable correction of moderate varus alignment was achieved with both the acute opening wedge technique with a plate and the gradual monolateral external fixator technique. The patellar height decreased with the open wedge plate technique. Joint line obliquity decreased to a greater degree with the open wedge plate technique, perhaps as a result of medial collateral ligament release. The appropriate technique should be selected based on surgeon and patient preferences; however, external fixation may be a better choice when the preservation of patellar height is deemed important.     

Treatment of tibial defect and bone nonunion with limb shortening with external fixator and reconstituted bone xenograft

Objective: To explore the effect of external fixator and reconstituted bone xenograft (RBX) in the treatment of tibial bone defect, tibial bone nonunion and congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with limb shortening. Methods : Twenty patients ( 13 males and 7 females)with tibial bone defect, tibial bone nonunion or congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with limb shortening were treated with external fixation, Two kinds of external fixators were used: a half ring sulcated external fixator used in 13 patients and a combined external fixator in 7 patients.Foot-drop was corrected at the same time with external fixation in 4 patients. The shortened length of the tibia was in the range of 2-9 cm, with an average of 4.8 cm. For bone grafting, RBX was used in 12 patients, autogenous ilium was used in 3 patients and autogenous fibula was implanted as a bone plug into the medullary canal in 1 case,and no bone graft was used in 4 patients. Results: All the 20 patients were followed-up for 8 months to 7 years, averaging 51 months. Satisfactory function of the affected extremities was obtained. All the shortened extremities were lengthened to the expected length. For all the lengthening area and the fracture sites,bone union was obtained at the last. The average healing time of 12 patients treated with RBX was 4.8 months. Conclusions: Both the half ring sulcated external fixator and the combined external fixator have the advantages of small trauma, simple operation, elastic fixation without stress shielding and non-limitation from local soft tissue conditions, and there is satisfactory functional recovery of affected extremities in the treatment of tibial bone defects, tibial bone nonunion and congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia combined with limb shortening.RBX has good biocompatibility and does not cause immunological rejections. It can also be safely used in treatment of bone nonunion and has reliable effect to promote bone healing.     

股骨近段纤维结构不良内翻畸形的手术疗效

目的 评估和分析股骨近段纤维结构不良内翻畸形手术治疗的临床疗效.方法 2000年8月至2009年5月,采用截骨矫形、病灶刮除、打压植骨、股骨重建钉内固定治疗21例(24个)股骨纤维结构不良伴重度内翻畸形患者,男12例,女9例;年龄14～39岁,平均22.7岁.其中15例为单纯髋内翻畸形,6例同时伴髋内翻及股骨内翻畸形.颈干角55°～105°,平均75°;股骨内翻角18°～45°,平均30°;患侧股骨长度较对侧短缩2.0～4.5 cm,平均3.4cm.其中13例患者因发生病理性骨折而行手术治疗.结果 21例患者均获得随访,随访时间21个月至7年,平均3年4个月.24个股骨共30处截骨面中,28处于术后3～6个月骨性愈合,2例双段远端截骨面各有1处在术后12个月时仍不愈合,经再次植骨3个月后骨性愈合.21例内翻畸形股骨力线均完全矫正,术后颈干角矫正为95°～135°,平均118°;股骨内翻角完全纠正.股骨长度较术前延长1.8～3.6 cm,平均2.8cm.术后无一例患者发生感染、畸形进展及再骨折.17例患者疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scales,VAS)由术前7～10分降至术后0分,4例VAS评分由术前8～10分降至术后3～4分.Harris髋关节功能评分优12例,良6例,可3例.结论 外翻截骨可有效矫正内翻畸形,股骨重建钉可稳定股骨,大量打压式植骨可有效恢复骨量.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate and analyse the effectiveness of surgical treatment for fibrous dysplasia in proximal femur with severe varus deformity.Methods A retrospective study was performed in 21 patients (24 femora)of fibrous dysplasia who were treated in our hospital between August 2000 and May 2009.All patients had severe femoral varus deformity.The four-step procedures were performed orderlv as valgus osteotomy,lesion curettage,impacting of massive bone allograft,and fixation by femoral intramedullary nail.There were 6 patients with monostotic disease,15 with polyostotic diseases,including 12 males and 9 females with a mean age of 22.7 years(range,14-39 years).The average neck-shaft angle and femoral varus angle was 75°(range 55°-105°)and 30°(range,18°-45°),respectively.The average length of thigh shortened 3.4 cm(range,2.0-4.5 cm)compared with the contralateral thigh.Results All of the 21 patients were followed up from 21 months to 7 years with an average period of 3 years and 4 months.There were 30 osteotomy sites in 24 femurs,28 osteotomy sites showed bone union after 3-6 months from surgery.Two distal location of the double-level osteotomy showed nonunion,which received bone grafting again and got bone union after 3 months finally.The femoral mechanical alignments of the 21 patients had been recriticd.The average neck-shaft angle was 118°(range,95°-135°)postoperatively,the femoral varus angle disappeared.The average extremity lengthening was 2.8 cm(range,1.8-3.6 cm)postoperatively.There were no infection,recurrent fracture and progression of deformity.The visual analogue scales(VAS)score of 17 patients decreased to zero postoperatively from 7-10 preoperatively,and that of the other 4 patients decreased to 3-4 postoperatively from 8-10 preoperatively.The result of Harris hip functional score was excellent in 12 cases,good in 6,and fair in 3.Conclusion The valgus osteotomy can rectify varus deformity effectively.The reconstract nail of the fumer can support the stability of femur.Impacting of massive bone allograft can improve the capacity of the femur.     

Biomechanical analysis of fracture fixation with external fixator in vivo

Objective: To investigate the different ways of measuring the main axial strain during treatment with an external fixator and to find the suitable compression loaded by the external fixator at an early stage. Methods: Eighteen healthy big-ear rabbits were randomly divided into two groups according to different measuring methods: Group A and Group B. In Group A, a strain gauge was affixed to the external tibial cortex with 502 glue, and in Group B, a bone cement-coated strain gauge was installed on the internal tibial cortex. Groups A and B were divided into two subgroups A1, A2 and B1, B2, respectively, according to the pressure of half of and the same as the body weight. A Z-shaped left mid-shaft tibial osteotomy was performed and fixed by an external fixator. Results: The sealer curves of Group A changed dramatically during the early stage. The trendlines of the internal and external cortex went consistently after reaching the stable stage while the latter strain value was higher than the former. The time for Group B reaching the stable stage was short, but its absolute strain value was less than that of Group A. Before they were pressed to the stable stage, the declined speed of Subgroup A1 was more slowly than that of Subgroup A2 while the results of Subgroups Bl and B2 were same. Group A had an ascending trend after it declined while Group B didn' t have. After they reached the stable stage, both Subgroups Al and A2 had a declining trend while Subgroup A2 was more quickly than Subgroup A1, Subgroup Bl was kept at a definite level while Subgroup B2 fluctuated. Conclusions: The axial strain under external fixator can be measured by bone cement coated-strain gauge in vivo. The data may suggest that half of the body weight load was suitable for external fixator.     

计算机辅助截骨术治疗膝关节内翻畸形的临床研究

膝关节内翻畸形截骨术主要有高位胫骨截骨术（high tibial osteotomy,HTO）、股骨远端胫骨近端双平面截骨术（double level osteotomy,DL0）、股骨远端截骨术（distal femoral osteotomy,DF0）等。何种内翻畸形应该采取何种术式,本研究推荐一种准确的具有可重复性的影像学方案,通过拍摄站立AP全腿x线片对髓膝踩（hip—knee．ankle,HKA）角、股骨远端内侧力线角（medial distal femoral mechanical angle,MDFMA）,胫骨近端内侧力线角（medial proximal tibial mechanical angle,MPTMA）进行放射学评估（图l,2）,以指导外科医师选择最佳的手术方式：同时还介绍了计算机导航下截骨术的手术方法（图3）。     

Repair and reconstruction of severe leg injuries： retrospective review of eighty-five patients

Objective:To explore a good way of the reconstruction of severe tibial shaft fractures by using different flaps and external fixators. Methods: Eighty-five patients of TypeⅢC tibial shaft fractures with average age of 42.5 years were treated in our hospital from 1990 to 2005. Injuries were caused by motorcycle accidents in 66 patients, by machine accidents in 16 patients, and by stone bruise in 3 patients. The management procedures consisted of administration of antibiotics, serial debridment, bone grafting if needed, application of different flaps, such as free thoracoumbilical flaps, fasciocutaneous flaps, saphenous neurocutaneous vascular flaps, sural neurocutaneous vascular flaps and gastrocnemius muscular flaps, and different external fixations, for instance, half-ring fixators, unilateral axial dynamic fixators, AO fixators, Weifang fixators, and Hybrid fixators. The average follow up was 6.3 years. Results: All flaps survived. Eighty-three cases had bone healed. The average bone healing time of different external fixations was 5.5 months in 47 cases with half-ring fixators, 9.2 months in 4 cases treated with unilateral axial dynamic fixators, 8.5 months in 6 cases with AO fixators, 10.7 months in 16 cases with Weifang fixators, and 7.8 months in 10 cases with assembly fixators. Except half-ring fixation, other fixations all needed necessary bone graft. Two cases treated with unilateral axial dynamic fixators had nonunion of bone and developed osteomyelitis. The wounds healed after the removal of the fixators and immobilization by plaster. The last follow up examination showed ankle and knee motion was normal and no pain was noted. Conclusions: The combination of half-ring external fixators with various flaps provides good results for TypeⅢC tibial shaft fractures.     

腓骨横向搬移治疗胫骨大段骨缺损

目的 探讨应用腓骨横向搬移术治疗胫骨大段骨缺损的方法与疗效.方法 2004年4月至2009年10月收治4例胫骨大段骨缺损患者,男3例,女1例;年龄14～62岁,平均27岁.胫骨缺损长度为13～25 cm.采用环形外同定支架固定,腓骨远、近端分别截骨后用2根橄榄针穿过腓骨固定于牵引器上,术后逐渐牵拉腓骨至胫骨骨缺损区,并于断端取髂骨植骨.结果 所有患者术后获12～60个月(平均34.6个月)随访.4例患者应用腓骨横向搬移修复胫骨大段骨缺损均获成功,治疗时间(安装外固定支架至拆除外固定支架时间)为12～26个月,平均19个月.全部患者伤口愈合良好,无感染复发,牵引过程中无神经损伤等并发症发生.2例患者有针道感染,均为表浅软组织感染,无需特殊处理,拔除牵引针后愈合.随着负重行走等功能锻炼,腓骨逐渐增粗,未发生再骨折.患肢功能恢复良好,均能完全负重行走.结论应用Ilizarov外固定支架进行腓骨横向搬移是治疗胫骨大段骨缺损的有效方法.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the therapeutic effects of ipsilateral fibular transport with an Ilizarov frame for treatment of massive tibial bone loss. Methods From April 2004 to October 2009, 4 cases of massive tibial bone loss were treated with an Ilizarov frame and ipsilateral fibular transport. They were 3 men and one woman, aged from 14 to 62 years (average, 27 years). Their tibial losses ranged from 13 to 25 cm. The whole tibia was first fixed with an external Ilizarov ring frame. Osteotomy was then performed at both distal and proximal parts of the fibula, before the isolated fibula was fixed to the Ilizarov frame with 2 olive wires. Next, the isolated fibula was gradually distracted to the site of tibial bone loss at a speed of one mm per day. Bone grafts were transplanted where and when the isolated fibula touched the tibia at last. Results The 4 patients were followed up for an average duration of 34. 6 months (range, 12 to 60 months). The external fixation time ranged from 12 to 26 months, (average, 19 months). Two patients had superficial pin site infection during fibular transport and healed spontaneously after removal of the pins. All the wounds were completely healed and no wound infection recurred. No nerve injury occurred during the fibular distraction.After full-weight bearing exercise, the isolated fibula became thicker gradually and no refracture happened.All patients regained good walking with full weight-bearing. Conclusion Gradual ipsilateral fibular transport with an Ilizarov frame is a reasonable and effective therapeutic method for patients with massive tibial bone loss.     

Biplane osteotomy and bone transport combined external locking plating for sequential treatment of massive tibial bone defects北大核心CSCD

Objective To evaluate biplane osteotomy and bone transport combined external locking plating for sequential treatment of massive tibial bone defects. Methods Twenty-eight patients with massive tibial bone defects were reviewed who had been treated at Department of Repair and Reconstruction, Wuhan Puai Hospital from October 2013 to October 2019. They were divided into a bone transport group and a combined bone transport group (bone transport combined external locking plating) according to their surgical methods. In the bone transport group of 14 cases, there were 10 males and 4 females with an age of (38. 6 ±3. 2) years and a bone defect of (8. 0 ± 0. 5) cm; in the combined bone transport group of 14 cases, there were 9 males and 5 females with an age of (39. 1 ± 3. 9) years and a bone defect of (8. 3 ± 0. 3) cm. The time for wearing external fixator, fracture healing time, dock-in-site healing time, postoperative function assessment and complications were observed and compared between the 2 groups. Results There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in their preoperative general data, showing they were comparable (P > 0. 05). The bone transport group were followed up for 12 to 28 months (average, 18. 4 months) and the combined bone transport group for 12 to 26 months (average, 16. 8 months) . The time for wearing external fixator in the combined bone transport group [(8.4±0.7) months] was significantly shorter than that [(13.3±1.4) months ] in the bone transport group (P< 0. 05). No significant difference was observed between the 2 groups in either the fracture healing time [ (8. 4 土1.3) months versus (7. 4 ± 1. 2) months] or the dock-in-site healing time [(210. 2 ±9.1) months versus (206. 2 ± 9. 8) months ] (P > 0. 05). By the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) scoring, the bone healing was excellent in 6, good in 5 and fair in 3 cases in the bone transport group while excellent in 8, good in 4 and fair in 2 cases in the combined bone transport group, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups in the excellent to good rate (P > 0. 05). By the postoperative functional assessment of the lower extremity, there were 7 excellent, 3 good, 3 fair and one poor cases in the bone transport group while 8 excellent, 5 good and one poor cases in the combined bone transport group, showing no significant difference between the 2 groups in the excellent to good rate (P > 0. 05). In the bone transport group, there were 3 cases of pin track infection, one case of dock-in-site nonunion, 2 cases of poor alignment of lower extremities, 2 cases of skin depression, one case of nail loosening, 5 cases of joint stiffness and 3 cases of delayed union of the distracted bone; in the combined bone transport group, there were one case of pin track infection, 2 cases of poor alignment of lower extremities, 3 cases of skin depression, 3 cases of joint stiffness, 2 cases of delayed union of the distracted bone and one case of refracture. Conclusion In the sequential treatment of massive tibial bone defects, biplane osteotomy and bone transport combined external locking plating can reduce the time for wearing external fixator and increase the satisfaction of patients. © The Author(s) 2022.     

截骨矫形钢板固定治疗股骨近段纤维结构不良伴髋内翻畸形

目的 探讨股骨转子下截骨矫形、动力髋或髁螺钉系统固定治疗股骨近段纤维结构不良(fibrous dysplasia,FD)伴髋内翻畸形的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2001年4月至2010年5月收治的26例股骨FD伴髋内翻畸形患者的临床资料,男9例,女17例;年龄10～53岁,中位年龄19岁.单骨型14例,多骨型12例.病灶长度为多骨型9～36 cm(平均19 cm),单骨型7～15 cm(平均9 cm);17例合并病理性骨折;术前颈干角65°～110°(平均92°),患肢短缩1.5～4.5cm(平均2.8 cm).21例病灶累及股骨颈者采用髋螺钉固定,5例未累及股骨颈者采用髁螺钉固定.结果 手术时间80～170 min(平均120min),出血量280～1650ml(平均960ml).术后颈干角为119°～140°(平均127°);患肢平均延长2.3 cm(1.5～3.6 cm).随访9～118个月(平均39个月),截骨面均愈合.除1例颈干角从术后126°减小到术后56个月的115°,其余患者无髋内翻畸形复发,无内固定断裂或松动.1例股骨颈变短、髋螺钉沿滑槽滑动,但螺钉未切割股骨头;1例术后7年外伤后钢板远端处股骨干骨折.根据Guille的功能评价标准,24例满意、2例不满意.结论 转子下截骨矫形、动力髋或髁螺钉系统内固定能有效地纠正股骨上段FD伴髋内翻畸形,改善患肢功能.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of subtrochanteric osteotomy plus dynamic hip/condyle screw (DHS/DCS)fixation to treat the fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur with coxa vara.Methods Twenty-six clinical cases of femoral fibrous dysplasia with coxa vara were retrospectively analysed from April 2001 to May 2010.There were 9 males and 17 females,with a median age of 19(10 to 53).Forteen patients presented with monostotic disease,and 12 with polyostotic disease.The length of the lesion for polyostotic disease was from 9 cm to 36 cm,while for monostotic disease was from 7 cm to 15 cm.Seventeen cases were merged with pathologic fracture.The neck shaft angles were from 65 to 110 degree preoperation.The shortage of limbs was from 1.5 cm to 4.5 cm.Twenty-one patients involved in femoral neck were fixed with DHS and the other 5 cases with DCS.Results The duration of operation was from 80 to 170 min.The amout of bleeding was from 280 to 1650 ml with the average of 960 ml.The average postoperative neck shaft angles were 127 degree(119 to 140).The shortened limbs were extended 2.3 cm for average (1.5 to 3.6 cm).The follow-up time was from 9 to 118 months with the average of 39 months.All patients with osteotomy were healed.The neck shaft angle of 1 case decreased from post-operative 126°to 115°56months post-operatively,no coxa adducta recurrented and all internal fixations were in position.Hip screw backed out through the barrel in one case with the shortage of femoral neck.One case had femoral fracture after an injury.According to Guille function standard,24 cases were regarded as satisfied and 2 cases as unsatisfied.Conclusion Subtroehanteric osteotomy plus DHS/DCS fixation can effectively correct the fibrous dysplasia of the proximal femur with coxa vara,and significantly improve the function.     

Ilizarov Gradual Distraction Correction for Distal Tibial Severe Varus Deformity Resulting from Epiphyseal Fracture: Case Report and Literature Review

We present a case of a 13-year-old female with severe varus deformity and limb discrepancy resulting from epiphyseal fracture. The preoperative tibial articular surface angle was 64.1°, and the affected tibia was 14 mm shorter than the contralateral tibia. She underwent a medial open osteotomy and fibular osteotomy with gradual distraction correction using Ilizarov fixator. The deformity was corrected at 3 months, and the external fixator was removed when bony union was achieved 6 months postoperatively. At 9 months after surgery, the patient could play basketball without feeling pain. At the last follow-up, namely 36 months after the operation, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hindfoot-ankle score was improved from 58 to 90, the patient was pain free, and the radiological measurements were nearly normal. Ilizarov fixator gradual distraction correction for distal tibial severe varus deformity is a safe and cost-effective method that can yield excellent radiological and clinical outcomes.     

应用牵拉成骨技术治疗股骨、胫骨肥大型骨不愈合合并畸形患者的疗效

目的探讨应用牵拉成骨技术治疗股骨、胫骨肥大型骨不愈合合并畸形患者的疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年11月至2019年11月在北京积水潭医院创伤骨科应用牵拉成骨技术治疗的3例股骨、胫骨肥大型骨不愈合合并畸形患者的病历资料。3例均为男性。所有骨折不愈合端均不切开。胫骨不愈合者均需经皮截断腓骨,使用Taylor Spatial Frame(施乐辉公司)固定,将13个参数输入计算机,设定牵开速度1 mm/d,生成电子处方。股骨不愈合者使用Orthofix外固定架固定。术后第2天按照1 mm/d的速度牵拉,在牵开恢复长度的过程中逐渐纠正畸形。随访期间,观察患者畸形纠正情况和骨愈合情况。结果病例A术后20 d畸形完全纠正,术后15个月获得骨性愈合。病例B术后25 d畸形完全纠正,术后15个月获得骨性愈合。病例C术后29 d成角畸形纠正,术后19个月获得骨性愈合。结论牵拉成骨技术可纠正肥大型骨不愈合的成角畸形及短缩,可作为肥大型骨不愈合的一种微创治疗方法。     

可调组合式下肢外固定支架的改良及临床应用

目的 介绍自制可调组合式下肢畸形外固定支架系列构型,探讨该装置的临床应用原则.方法 在Ilizamv环形外固定支架的基础上,根据国人下肢畸形矫正与重建的需要及便于医生穿针安装操作的要求,将组合式外固定支架的配件与 Ilizarov环形外固定支架结合,加入弹簧牵伸装置与螺纹半针固定技术,研制了管状骨微创截骨矫形的工具,并根据下肢残缺畸形的特点,术前预先设计组装好个体化矫形器械.自2004年1月至2010年12月,应用改良Ilizarov外固定矫形器治疗下肢畸形患者146例,男95例,女51倒;年龄3.6～61.0岁,平均33.4岁;髋部畸形18例,膝关节屈曲畸形49例,膝关节周围股骨外翻畸形10例,胫骨内翻畸形46例,胫骨骨缺损、骨不连伴复合畸形23例结果 患者术后获8 ～46个月(平均28.6个月)随访.139例下肢畸形获得矫正、下肢力线基本恢复,行走功能明显提高.1例患者术后截骨端出现位移,重新调整外固定支架后纠正;2例膝关节周围内外翻畸形尚残留10°～ 15°内翻;3例在骨延长过程中出现膝关节屈曲功能障碍.4例患者出现术后针道感染.髋部畸形按Harris评分标准:由术前(36.91±3.14)分提高为(86.25±2.26)分;49例膝关节屈膝畸形完全矫正;胫骨骨不连处及新生骨均愈合,功能基本恢复.结论 改良的下肢畸形外固定矫形支架具有Ilizarov环形外固定器的主要功能,可满足下肢多数畸形矫正、残缺修复与功能重建的需要,临床应用能达到预期治疗目标,适合在临床中进一步推广.     

Distraction osteogenesis for nonunion after high tibial osteotomy.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether distraction osteogenesis can be used to treat hypertrophic nonunion associated with angular deformity and shortening after Coventry style high tibial osteotomy. Five consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. In all patients the alignment had collapsed into excessive varus or valgus and leg length discrepancy was present. The leg length discrepancy, malalignment, and nonunion were treated simultaneously with distraction. Union was achieved by the time of fixator removal, which averaged 4.4 months. The Hospital for Special Surgery knee score significantly improved from 42 to 89. The mechanical axis deviation significantly improved by 5 cm. The coronal plane deformity significantly improved by 13 degrees, and leg length discrepancy improved significantly from 2.3 to 0.5 cm. Metaphyseal bone stock increased by 43%, and the Insall-Salvati ratio increased from 1.1 to 1.2 and remained within normal limits. All patients were satisfied with the procedure, and none have had or need a total knee replacement at an average followup of 4 years. Distraction osteogenesis of nonunion after high tibial osteotomy is a minimally invasive and successful procedure. It leads to bony union with correction of deformity and leg length discrepancy and prevents the need for total knee replacement at intermediate-term followup. The increase in metaphyseal bone stock may make total knee replacement technically easier.     

单边轨道式延长外固定支架牵张治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形

目的探讨应用单边轨道式延长外固定支架治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形的疗效。方法回顾性分析2015年3月至2018年4月上海交通大学附属第六人民医院骨科采用单边轨道式外固定支架治疗的10例肱骨短缩合并近端畸形患者资料。男8例,女2例;年龄15~27岁,平均19.6岁。肱骨短缩伴近端内翻8例,伴肱骨近端内翻并后凸畸形2例;肱骨短缩6~11 cm,平均8.5 cm。上臂外侧置入半钉,安装单边外固定支架,于近端截骨后即时矫正肱骨近端畸形,中段截骨后予以缓慢延长。根据Cattaneo等制定的标准评价肢体功能。结果所有患者术后均获随访,时间15~41个月(平均20个月)。延长长度5~12 cm(平均7.5 cm);肩关节外展幅度平均为160°(130°~180°),比术前(平均90°)改善。9例患者延长区成骨良好,1例因延长区成骨不良,进行了自体髂骨移植后愈合。未出现钉道深部感染、桡神经损伤等并发症。肢体功能根据Cattaneo等的标准:8例9侧肢体为优,2例为良。结论单边轨道式延长外固定支架是治疗肱骨短缩合并近端畸形的可靠选择,掌握外固定支架安装技术,防治并发症可以获得满意的疗效。     

Limb Salvage by Distraction Osteogenesis for Distal Tibial Osteosarcoma in a Young Child: A Case Report

Under the effective chemotherapy protocol, physeal distraction could be used as an effective limb salvage in the growing children with lower‐limb malignant metaphyseal bone tumours and could actively prevent leg length discrepancy or malalignment that profoundly affects function. In this paper, we report a 7‐year‐old boy with right distal tibial osteosarcoma but not yet invaded the epiphysis, which underwent surgical treatment after effective chemotherapy. The surgical procedure included two phases: epiphysiolysis (physeal distraction) and en‐bloc resection of tumor and distraction osteogenesis. In the first phase, after osteotomy of the proximal fibula was performed, two Ilizarov rings were attached to the proximal tibia and one Ilizarov ring was applied to the distal tibia. At same time, U‐shape ring as an important external fixator was been used in the axis of rotation of the ankle joint in order to balance the stress from the surrounding tissues, increase distracting stabilization and prevent the deformity or contracture of ankle joint. In the second phase, the tumor bone (5.7 cm) was en bloc resected by diaphyseal osteotomy. Distraction osteogenesis was commenced 1 week postoperatively at a rate of 1 mm twice a day. The patient was reviewed by X‐ray intermittently. The new bone was formed and the entire bone defect was covered in four months after the operation. Doxorubicin and cisplatin as the neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocol are effective to osteosarcoma and chemotherapy process did not adversely affect the union. Through this technique, the right distal tibial epiphysis was reserved successfully. At the last follow‐up, there are no local recurrence or metastasis and we achieve to prevent leg length discrepancy or malalignment that profoundly affects function.     

应用3D打印技术辅助双平面截骨治疗SchatzkerⅣ型胫骨平台骨折畸形愈合

目的探讨采用3D打印技术辅助双平面截骨治疗SchatzkerⅣ型胫骨平台骨折畸形愈合的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2014年2月至2018年5月河南省焦作市人民医院骨科和郑州市骨科医院足踝外科收治的19例SchatzkerⅣ型胫骨平台骨折畸形愈合患者资料。男11例,女8例;年龄20~55岁,平均37.6岁;受伤至本次手术时间3~8个月;均采用3D打印技术辅助双平面截骨治疗。记录治疗前、治疗后胫股角、胫骨平台内翻角、后倾角及膝关节Lysholm评分情况,并观察并发症情况。结果所有患者术后获12~28个月(平均18.5个月)随访;骨折愈合时间为12~24周(平均15.5周)。末次随访时患者胫股角173.2°±2.0°、胫骨平台内翻角85.6°±1.3°、后倾角11.9°±1.1°,较术前(154.1°±5.0°、76.0°±1.8°、18.9°±1.6°)均有改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。末次随访时Lysholm评分(89.8±1.2)分较术前(52.0±4.4)分有显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。1例患者术后6个月出现行走困难,最终行膝关节置换术。结论采用3D打印技术辅助双平面截骨治疗SchatzkerⅣ型胫骨平台骨折畸形愈合可延缓创伤性关节炎的发展,缓解疼痛,恢复膝关节功能。     

Comprehensive treatment of late-onset tibia vara

BACKGROUND: Late-onset tibia vara (Blount disease) can be difficult to treat because of frequent morbid obesity and associated deformities, including distal femoral varus, proximal tibial procurvatum, and distal tibial valgus, that contribute to lower extremity malalignment. We present a comprehensive approach that addresses all components of the deformity and allows restoration of the anatomic and mechanical axes. METHODS: Fifteen consecutive patients (nineteen lower extremities) with late-onset tibia vara were managed with this comprehensive approach. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 14.9 years, and the mean weight was 113 kg. Standing anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were made preoperatively and at the time of the final follow-up. Preoperatively, the mean mechanical axis deviation was 108 mm, the mean lateral distal femoral angle was 95 degrees , and the mean mechanical medial proximal tibial angle was 71 degrees . In all nineteen extremities, the proximal tibial varus deformity was corrected by means of a valgus osteotomy and application of an Ilizarov ring external fixator. Distal femoral varus was corrected by means of either hemiepiphyseal stapling or valgus osteotomy with blade-plate fixation in thirteen of the nineteen extremities. Distal tibial valgus was treated either with hemiepiphyseal stapling or with varus osteotomy and gradual correction with use of the Ilizarov external fixator in eleven of the nineteen extremities. RESULTS: After a mean duration of follow-up of 5.0 years, the mean mechanical axis deviation had improved to 1 mm (range, 20 to -30 mm), the lateral distal femoral angle had improved to 87 degrees (range, 83 degrees to 98 degrees), and the mechanical medial proximal tibial angle had improved to 88 degrees (range, 83 degrees to 98 degrees ). The mean time required for correction of the proximal tibial varus deformity was thirty-one days, and the external fixator was removed at a mean of 4.5 months postoperatively. All patients had development of one or more superficial pin-track infections (mean, 1.9 pin-site infections per patient). No wound infections, nonunions, or neurovascular complications occurred. Eighteen of the nineteen extremities were pain-free at the time of the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This comprehensive approach allowed restoration of the mechanical and anatomic axes of the lower extremity in patients with late-onset tibia vara, resulting in a resolution of symptoms as a result of normalization of the weight-bearing forces across the knee and ankle. We believe that this approach will decrease the risk of early degenerative arthritis of the knee.     

Distraction osteotomy for malunion of the distal end of the radius with radial shortening

The treatment and outcomes of distraction osteotomy in 9 patients with malunion of the distal radius with radial shortening are presented. The patients had an average age of 32 years (range: 14 to 36 years) and comprised 7 males and 2 females. Ulnar inclination was below normal in all patients, volar inclination was below normal in 8 patients, and the average radial length discrepancy was 7.6 mm (range: 4 to 16 mm). Angulations in the distal radius were corrected by manipulation after osteotomy, and shortening by callus distraction. In order to achieve normal radial length, distraction was performed for an average of 10.2 days (range: 7 to 19 days), and union occurred in an average of 10.7 weeks (range: 9 to 13 weeks). During the waiting period between distraction and consolidation, impairment of ulnar and volar inclination recurred in 3 patients, and translation of the distal fragment necessitating correction occurred in 3 patients. No cases of nonunion or malunion were observed. In all patients, there was a decrease in cosmetic and pain-related complaints, and improvement in wrist movements. Distraction osteotomy is a simple and effective treatment for malunion of the distal radius with concurrent radial shortening. However, the position of the distal fragment should be followed up until consolidation.     

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates maturation of callus in patients treated with opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy by hemicallotasis

BACKGROUND: Opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy by hemicallotasis for osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the knee requires external fixation for a long time, until callus maturation is complete. The aim of this study was to determine if low-intensity pulsed ultrasound would accelerate callus maturation when applied after distraction to limbs treated with opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy by hemicallotasis. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with symmetric grades of osteoarthritis and similar degrees of varus deformity in the two knees underwent bilateral one-stage opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy by hemicallotasis. After completion of distraction, the bone mineral density of the distraction callus was measured. Then, one randomly selected limb was subjected to ultrasound treatment for twenty minutes daily until removal of the external fixator. The contralateral limb was left untreated to serve as the control. After four weeks of treatment, bone mineral density was measured again. RESULTS: During the four-week treatment period, the mean increase in callus bone mineral density was significantly greater in the ultrasound-treated tibiae (0.20 +/- 0.12 g/cm(2)) than in the control tibiae (0.13 +/- 0.10 g/cm(2)) (p = 0.02, unpaired t test). In eighteen patients the increase in the bone mineral density was greater in the ultrasound-treated limb than in the control limb, whereas in three patients the increase was greater in the control limb. CONCLUSIONS: We found that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound applied during the consolidation phase of distraction osteogenesis accelerates callus maturation after opening-wedge high tibial osteotomy by hemicallotasis in elderly patients.