自制器械辅助经皮伤椎固定与传统开放手术治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较应用自行设计的微创器械经皮椎弓根螺钉短节段固定并伤椎置钉与传统后路切开短节段固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的疗效.方法 自2005年11月至2006年12月共收治38例胸腰椎骨折患者,男23例,女15例;年龄28～57岁,平均40岁.采用自行设计的微创器械行后路经皮椎弓根螺钉伤椎固定19例(经皮组),切开短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗胸腰段骨折19例(切开组),比较两组患者的手术时间、出血量、伤椎前缘高度比值、后凸Cobb角的恢复情况、平均复位丢失率、并发症发生情况.结果 所有患者术后获13～28个月(平均24个月)随访.两组患者手术时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).经皮组术中出血量比切开组少,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经皮组伤椎前缘高度和后凸Cobb角的改善情况较切开组为优,伤椎前缘高度复位丢失率明显低于切开组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术中两组均末出现医源性神经根损伤.结论 与传统后路切开短节段固定比较,应用自行设计的微创器械经皮椎弓根螺钉短节段固定并伤椎置钉具有损伤小、复位效果好、固定可靠等优点,疗效满意.

Abstract：

Objective To compare clinical effects of percutaneous short segmental pedicle screw fixation of the injured vertebra with self-designed device and conventional posterior open surgery for treatment of thoracolumbar fractures. Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were included in this study.From November 2005 to December 2006,they were treated with the posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation of the injured vertebra with our self-designed minimally invasive device (19cases) and conventional posterior open pedicle screw fixation (19 cases),respectively.The 2 operative methods were compared in terms of operation time,bleeding volume,anterior height of the injured vertebra,Cobb angles of kyphosis,loss of correction and complications. Results All the patients were followed up from 13 to 28 months (mean,24 months) .The mean operation time for the minimally invasive group was 108.2 minutes which was not significantly different from that for the open group( 106.5 mintes) (P ＞0.05 ).The mean bleeding volume for the minimally invasive group was 110 mL which was significantly smaller than that for the open group (287 mL) ( P ＜ 0.05) .For the minimally invasive group,the mean anterior height of the compressed vertebral bodies was restored from 51.9％ to 95.4％ of the normal height,the mean Cobb angle was corrected from 15.8° to 5.7°,and the mean late loss of correction was 11.1％.All these indexes were significantly better than those for the open group (P＜0.05 ). Conclusion In treatment of thoracolumbar fractures,compared with conventional posterior open surgery,the posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation of the injured vertebra with our self-designed minimally invasive device can lead to less damage,more effective reduction,more reliable fixation and better outcomes.     

经皮椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果及并发症分析

目的 探讨经皮椎弓根内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的效果及并发症.方法 2002年1月至2008年12月,采用经皮椎弓根内固定术治疗胸腰椎患者103例,其中男性75例,女性28例;年龄18～72岁,平均45.6岁;所有患者均无神经损害表现.致伤原因:交通事故65例,高空坠落23例,重物砸压15例.Denis分型:压缩型64例,爆裂型39例.骨折椎体:T115例,T1230例,L1 42例,L215例,L3 4例,L4 3例,T11-122例,L1～21例,L2～31例.通过总结影像学和临床随访结果对经皮椎弓根内固定术的临床效果及其并发症进行评价分析.结果 失访21例,其余82例患者随访时间10～48个月,平均27.4个月.椎体前缘高度、后凸Cobb角、椎管堵塞指数分别由术前的(54.5±8.7)%、16.4°±2.9°和1.2±1.0改善至术后的(88.6±6.4)%、11.6°±2.7°和0.5±0.6.视觉模拟评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分分别由术前8.0±1.2及41.2±9.3改善至术后1.7±1.8及6.7±5.6.各组数值手术前后差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).并发症包括椎弓根螺钉位置不正确7例;创面浅表感染者1例;椎弓根螺钉断裂3例;椎弓根螺钉退出2例;强化剂渗漏5例;暂时性神经症状4例;8例患者诉仍感腰背部疼痛,其中2例患者需不定期口服止痛药.82例患者均获骨性愈合.结论 经皮椎弓根螺钉内固定术具有操作简便、创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,临床疗效与开放性手术相近,可作为无神经症状胸腰椎骨折治疗的手术方式之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and complications of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation for thoracolumbar fractures. Methods From January 2002 to December 2008,103 patients with thoracolumbar fractures were treated with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation, including 75 males and 28 females, the average age was 45.6 years ( range, 18-72 years). All of them were of no neurological deficits. There were 65 cases of traffic injury, 23 cases of fall injury and 15 cases of smashed injury. According to the Denis classification, 64 patients were of compression fractures, and 39 patients of burst fractures. There were 5 cases had fractures in T11, 30 in T12, 42 in L1, 15 in L2, 4 in L3, 3 in L4 ,2 in T11-12, 1 in L1-2, and 1 in L2-3. Radiological examinations, including X-ray and CT examinations, and clinical examinations were carried out to evaluate the therapeutic effects. Results Twenty one patients were lost to follow up, the remaining were followed up from 10 to 48 months with an average of 27.4 months.Before the operation, the vertebral height, the kyphposis angle and the occupation of spinal canal were (54. 5 ±8. 7)%, 16. 4°±2. 9°and 1.2 ± 1. 0, and were improved to (88.6 ±6. 4)%, 11.6°± 2. 7°and 0. 5 ± 0. 6 respectively after the operation. Preoperatively the visual analogue scale and the Oswestry disability index were 8. 0 ± 1.2 and 41.2 ± 9. 3, and were improved to 1.7 ± 1.8 and 6. 7 ± 5.6 postoperatively,respectively. All of these values between pre- and post-operatively were significantly different (P ＜0. 01 ). Screw misplacement was found in 7 patients, superficial wound infection in 1, screw breakage in 3, screw dislodgment in 2, cement leakage in 5, transient neurological symptoms in 4, and 8 patients with low back pain remained,of which 2 patients required occasional oral analgesics. Bone fusion achieved in all cases. Conclusions The clinical efficacy of percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is similar with conventional open surgery. With the advantages of convenient procedure, less invasive, and rapid recovery, percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is an altermative method for thoracolumbar fiactures without neurological deficits.     

骨水泥强化椎弓根钉治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂骨折

目的探讨应用骨水泥（poly—methylmethacrylate,PMMA）强化椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂骨折的疗效。方法2009年1月至2011年1月应用骨水泥强化椎弓根钉内固定治疗12例胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂骨折患者。临床疗效采用视觉模拟（visualanaloguescale,VAS）疼痛评分、ASIA残损分级方法进行评定,应用X线片评估术后内固定效果。结果12例患者术后获6424个月（平均13．4个月）随访,VAS疼痛评分术前平均7．9分降至术后平均1．2分,7例合并神经损伤的患者ASIA残损分级术后改善1～2级。61枚椎弓根钉中44枚行骨水泥强化,术后所有患者均未出现与骨水泥渗漏有关的神经症状和体征。X线片示椎弓根钉未发生松动及脱出,周围无透亮线出现。后凸角由术前平均22．6°改善至术后平均10．3°,末次随访时后凸角平均为14．3°。结论应用骨水泥强化椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂骨折可获得满意的临床疗效。     

椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎椎弓根植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的 探讨椎旁肌间隙人路经伤椎椎弓根羟基磷灰石植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的安全性及有效性.方法 2007年6月至2008年12月,采用椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎椎弓根羟基磷灰石植骨、短节段椎弓根螺钉固定治疗19例胸腰椎骨折患者,其中男性12例,女性7例;年龄21～57岁,平均40.8岁.受伤至手术时间1～5 d,平均2.9 d.均为单节段骨折,其中T111例,T125例,L19例,L2 4例;依据Denis骨折分型,压缩型骨折5例,爆裂型骨折14例;术前椎体前缘高度平均57.2%,后凸角平均17.6°,椎管占位率平均27.7%;负荷分配分类法评分平均5.2分;神经功能按ASIA分级:B级2例,C级9例,D级8例.结果 手术时间60～95 min,平均83.8 min;术中出血量90～200 ml,平均133 ml;患者切口均一期愈合.术后随访12～36个月,平均19.2个月;末次随访椎体前缘高度恢复至88.4%,后凸矫正至6.1°,椎管占位率恢复至8.2%;末次随访神经功能恢复情况:D级2例,E级17例;所有病例未发现内固定失效及腰背部疼痛症状.结论 椎旁肌间隙入路经伤椎椎弓根羟基磷灰石植骨内固定可有效改善神经功能及维持矫正效果,具有组织损伤轻、出血少和降低手术创伤导致的椎旁肌退变及术后腰背痛的发生率等优点.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of the treatment for thoracolumbar fractures with transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach. Methods From June 2007 to December 2008, 19 cases of thoracolumbar fractures were treated with transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach. There were 7 female and 12 male, ranging from 21 to 57 years of age (mean 40. 8 years) at surgery. The time from injury to surgery varied from 1 d to 5 d ( mean 2. 9 d). Nineteen patients all suffered from single thoracolumbar fracture with the distribution of injury level being T11 in 1, T12 in 5, L1 in 9, and L2 in 4. According to Denis fracture classification, there were 5 compression fractures and 14 burst fractures.The mean preoperative ratio of the anterior height of the body was 57. 2%, kyphosis angle was 17.6° and occupation of spinal canal was 27.7%. The mean preoperative load-sharing classification of spine fractures was 5.2. Based on the ASIA neurologic grading system, preoperative neurological function was grade B in 2 cases, C in 9 and D in 8. Results Median operating time was 83. 8 min ( range 60-95 min) and median blood loss was 133 ml (range 90-200 ml). Infection did not occur in any of the patients and the operative incisions were healing well. Average follow-up time was 19. 2 months (range 12-36 months). At the latest follow-up, the height of the anterior border was corrected to 88.4%, the kyphosis angle was 6. 1 ° , and the occupation of spinal canal was 8.2% on average. The postoperative neurologic function of all 19 patients was improved with grade D in 2 cases and E in 17. There were no instances of instrumentation failure and no patient had persistent postoperative back pain. Conclusions Transpedicular intracorporeal hydroxyapatite grafting and pedicle screw fixation via paraspinal approach could provide reliable neurologic improvement in patients with incomplete neurologic deficit, and could prevent the development of kyphosis. Furthermore, it has the obvious advantages of less invasive and blood loss, and decreases the risks of postoperative lumbodorsal pain.     

椎弓根钉内固定结合骨水泥灌注治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 探讨椎弓根钉内固定结合经椎弓根椎体成形治疗胸腰椎骨折方法和效果.方法 对46例胸腰椎骨折在椎弓根钉复位固定的同时,经椎弓根注入骨水泥或钙磷骨水泥.结果 全部病例随访12～28 个月,术后1周内离床负重,3个月后腰背疼痛VAS评分2～5 分,术后X线摄片显示后凸Cobb角0°～15°(平均5.5°,矫正15.5°),椎体高度丢失5%～20%,随访12个月后X线摄片显示后凸Cobb角0°～18°,动力位X线片显示固定段无异常活动,未发现椎弓钉松动、断裂.椎体高度较术后平均改变0.15%,12个月后的Frankel分级较术前平均上升2级.结论 椎弓根系统对胸腰椎骨折具有良好的复位和固定作用,经椎弓根注入骨水泥或钙磷骨水泥在后路手术不加大创伤的同时,能即时增加椎体的骨容量和脊柱前柱的抗压稳定性,使病人能早期活动,减少内固定物因应力过大造成的断钉、断棒,椎体再压缩等并发症.     

Pedicle screw fixation against burst fracture of thoracolumbar vertebrae

Objective： To analyze the application of vertebral pedicle screw fixation in the treatment of burst fracture of thoracolumbar vertebrae. Methods： A total of 48 cases （31 males and 17 females, aged from 18-72 years, mean： 41.3 years ） with thoracolumbar vertebrae burst fracture were treated by pedicle screw system since January 2004. According to the AO classification of thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture, there are 36 cases of Type A, 9 of Type B and 3 of Type C. Results： All patients were followed up for 6-25 months （average 12 months ）, no secondary nerve root injury, spinal cord injury, loosening or breakage of pedicle screw were observed. The nerve function of 29 patients with cauda eqnina nerve injury was restored to different degrees. The vertebral body height returned to normal level and posterior process angle was rectified after operation. Conclusions： The vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation was technologically applicable, which can efficiently reposition and stablize the bursting fractured vertabrae, indirectly decompress canalis spinalis, maintain spine stablity, scatter stress of screw system, reduce the risk of loosening or breakage of screw and loss of vertebral height, and prevent the formation of posterior convex after operation.     

肌间隙入路椎弓根钉固定结合椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的:观察经肌间隙入路椎弓根钉固定结合椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法:对31例新鲜单节段胸腰椎骨折,采用体外过伸手法复位,结合经肌间隙入路椎弓根钉复位、固定,通过伤椎椎弓根注射自固化人工骨水泥,根据术前、术后侧位X线片,测量椎体高度、后凸角,并计算椎体高度的压缩率及后凸角恢复率。结果:31例手术均获成功,术后48h腰背创口VAS疼痛评分明显降低。术后3~8个月自固化人工骨水泥降解骨化,平均13个月拆除内固定,椎体前中柱高度明显恢复,后凸角得到矫正。结论:经肌间隙入路椎弓根钉固定结合椎体成形术是一种治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性方法,手术创伤小,能恢复伤椎前中柱的力学强度,减少椎弓根钉的失败率。     

Two kinds of posterior approach for Kümmell's disease after osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture

To compare the surgical results of two kinds of posterior approach for osteoporotic thoracolum-bar Kummell's disease.Methods: Clinical and radiographic results of 1-seg-mental pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty (Group A, n=12) or posterior shortening osteotomy (Group B, n=16) for osteoporotic thoracolumbar Kummell's disease were analyzed retrospectively. Japanese orthopedic asso-ciation (JOA) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were used for clinical evaluation. Neurological status was judged by Frankel grades. X-ray was used to evaluate the radio-graphic results. Complications related to operation and de-vices were also considered. Results: The follow-up period was 12-54 months (average 29 months). Pre- and post-operative VAS were 9.3 and 3.2 in Group A, 8.9 and 2.5 in Group B, respectively. The mean JOA score at the final follow-up was significantly higher than that of pre-operation (t=5.306, P<0.001). There was no sig-nificant difference between Groups A and B (t=0.618, P>0.05). The kyphosis were corrected from preoperative 33.9°(A)/37.3°(B) to postoperative 10.3°(A)/6.5°(B), and 15.3°(A)/13.7°(B) at the final follow-up. There was a significant difference between the two groups at the final follow-up. Frankel grade was improved from grade C preoperatively to postopera-tively grade D or E in 7 cases of Group A and 5 cases of Group B, from grade D to E in 5 cases of Group A and 11 cases of Group B. The mean improvement was 1.6 and 1.7 grades for Groups A and B, respectively. There were no serious complications related to internal fixation. Conclusions: The similar clinical results can be ob-tained by the two kinds of posterior surgical methods for osteoporotic Ktimmell's disease. Posterior spinal shorten-ing is a better choice for patients with serious kyphosis combined with neurological deficit than the other.     

Two kinds of posterior approach for Kümmell's disease after osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture

To compare the surgical results of two kinds of posterior approach for osteoporotic thoracolum-bar Kummell's disease.Methods: Clinical and radiographic results of 1-seg-mental pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty (Group A, n=12) or posterior shortening osteotomy (Group B, n=16) for osteoporotic thoracolumbar Kummell's disease were analyzed retrospectively. Japanese orthopedic asso-ciation (JOA) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were used for clinical evaluation. Neurological status was judged by Frankel grades. X-ray was used to evaluate the radio-graphic results. Complications related to operation and de-vices were also considered. Results: The follow-up period was 12-54 months (average 29 months). Pre- and post-operative VAS were 9.3 and 3.2 in Group A, 8.9 and 2.5 in Group B, respectively. The mean JOA score at the final follow-up was significantly higher than that of pre-operation (t=5.306, P<0.001). There was no sig-nificant difference between Groups A and B (t=0.618, P>0.05). The kyphosis were corrected from preoperative 33.9°(A)/37.3°(B) to postoperative 10.3°(A)/6.5°(B), and 15.3°(A)/13.7°(B) at the final follow-up. There was a significant difference between the two groups at the final follow-up. Frankel grade was improved from grade C preoperatively to postopera-tively grade D or E in 7 cases of Group A and 5 cases of Group B, from grade D to E in 5 cases of Group A and 11 cases of Group B. The mean improvement was 1.6 and 1.7 grades for Groups A and B, respectively. There were no serious complications related to internal fixation. Conclusions: The similar clinical results can be ob-tained by the two kinds of posterior surgical methods for osteoporotic Ktimmell's disease. Posterior spinal shorten-ing is a better choice for patients with serious kyphosis combined with neurological deficit than the other.     

Two kinds of posterior approach for Kümmell's disease after osteoporotic thoracolumbar fracture

To compare the surgical results of two kinds of posterior approach for osteoporotic thoracolum-bar Kummell's disease.Methods: Clinical and radiographic results of 1-seg-mental pedicle screw fixation combined with vertebroplasty (Group A, n=12) or posterior shortening osteotomy (Group B, n=16) for osteoporotic thoracolumbar Kummell's disease were analyzed retrospectively. Japanese orthopedic asso-ciation (JOA) and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were used for clinical evaluation. Neurological status was judged by Frankel grades. X-ray was used to evaluate the radio-graphic results. Complications related to operation and de-vices were also considered. Results: The follow-up period was 12-54 months (average 29 months). Pre- and post-operative VAS were 9.3 and 3.2 in Group A, 8.9 and 2.5 in Group B, respectively. The mean JOA score at the final follow-up was significantly higher than that of pre-operation (t=5.306, P<0.001). There was no sig-nificant difference between Groups A and B (t=0.618, P>0.05). The kyphosis were corrected from preoperative 33.9°(A)/37.3°(B) to postoperative 10.3°(A)/6.5°(B), and 15.3°(A)/13.7°(B) at the final follow-up. There was a significant difference between the two groups at the final follow-up. Frankel grade was improved from grade C preoperatively to postopera-tively grade D or E in 7 cases of Group A and 5 cases of Group B, from grade D to E in 5 cases of Group A and 11 cases of Group B. The mean improvement was 1.6 and 1.7 grades for Groups A and B, respectively. There were no serious complications related to internal fixation. Conclusions: The similar clinical results can be ob-tained by the two kinds of posterior surgical methods for osteoporotic Ktimmell's disease. Posterior spinal shorten-ing is a better choice for patients with serious kyphosis combined with neurological deficit than the other.     

后路截骨联合钉道强化术治疗陈旧性骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折并后凸畸形

目的 观察后路截骨联合钉道强化术治疗陈旧性骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折并后凸畸形的临床效疗.方法 回顾性分析2008年1月～2010年6月采用此方法治疗的21例陈旧性骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折并后凸畸形患者的临床资料,应用Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry Disability Index,ODI）、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、美国脊髓损伤学会（American spinal injury association,ASIA）分级、影像学资料评估治疗效果,并记录手术并发症.结果 所有患者随访16～24个月,平均随访18.7月.术后3个月及末次随访时VAS评分、ODI评分、Cobb角与术前相比差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.所有患者均未发生内固定相关并发症,没有出现有症状的骨水泥渗漏.末次随访时21例患者中ASIA分级C级恢复到D级1例、恢复到E级1例,由D级恢复到E级19例.结论 后路截骨联合钉道强化术治疗陈旧性骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折并后凸畸形短期疗效满意.     

老年骨质疏松性不稳定胸腰椎骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨老年骨质疏松性不稳定胸腰椎骨折的最佳手术方式及疗效。方法对老年骨质疏松性不稳定胸腰椎骨折24例采用个体化手术方案：骨质疏松置钉困难者行钉孔聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）强化椎弓根螺钉,骨折脱位及病椎相邻椎体有陈旧骨折者行长节段固定;有神经症状及椎管占位〉30%者均行半椎板减压,后路颗粒骨植骨或复合经椎弓根植骨。结果椎体前缘压缩率由术前（42.8&#177;4.5）%减少到（7.6&#177;2.3）%（P〈0.05）,矢状位Cobb角由术前（32.5&#177;5.2）&#176;恢复至（5.4&#177;2.5）&#176;（P〈0.05）,椎管占位由术前（34.6&#177;7.2）%恢复至（3.7&#177;2.1）%（P〈0.05）。随访1年时上述各指标较术后1周时无明显改变（P〉0.05）。神经功能Frankel分级：A级4例恢复至C级1例,3例无恢复;B级3例恢复至C级1例、D级2例;C级5例恢复至D级4例、E级1例;D级8例均恢复至E级;E级4例无变化。腰背痛发生率12.5%,无内固定失效病例。结论个体化手术方案是老年骨质疏松性不稳定胸腰椎骨折有效的治疗方法。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯强化对骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉固定的生物力学作用

目的探讨聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉的方法和评价 PMMA强化骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉后的生物力学性质。方法 6具新鲜老年女性胸腰段骨质疏松脊柱标本 (T10～ L5),使用双能 X线骨密度吸收仪测试每个椎体的骨密度,随机取 16个椎体 (32侧椎弓根 ),一侧椎弓根拧入 CCD螺钉,测量最大旋入力偶矩后拔出螺钉作为正常对照组,用 PMMA骨水泥强化椎弓根螺钉作为修复固定组,行螺钉拔出试验;另一侧经导孔直接强化椎弓根螺钉后拔出作为强化固定组,记录三组螺钉的最大轴向拔出力。结果椎体平均骨密度为 (0.445± 0.019)g/cm2;螺钉最大旋入力偶矩为（ 0.525± 0.104） Nm;正常对照组螺钉最大轴向拔出力为 (271.5± 57.3)N;修复固定组为 (765.9± 130.7)N;强化固定组为 (845.7± 105.0)N。 PMMA骨水泥强化或修复骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉后最大抗压力明显高于强化前,差异有非常显著性意义 (P< 0.01)。结论 PMMA骨水泥强化骨质疏松椎弓根螺钉能显著增加螺钉在椎体内的稳固性。     

Clinical application of a pedicle nail system with polymethylmethacrylate for osteoporotic vertebral fracture

The instrumentation of the osteoporotic spine may sometimes result in failure due to the loosening or pullout of the conventional pedicle screw. Moreover, augmentation of screws with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has risks of complications. We developed a new and original pedicle nail system with PMMA for osteoporotic vertebral fractures. A clinical evaluation of this novel pedicle nail system utilized in patients with an osteoporotic vertebral collapse was performed to determine the effectiveness and safety of this technique. Thirty-four elderly patients who suffered from osteoporotic compression fractures were treated by posterolateral fusion using the pedicle nail system. The mean follow-up period was 37 months. Of the 25 patients with neurological symptoms, two patients improved two stages at the Frankel level. Fifteen patients improved one stage at the Frankel level, and eight other patients improved, however, their improvement did not exceed a Frankel level. Nine cases with neuralgia symptoms improved from 4.4 to 2.2 points on average on the Denis pain scale (p < 0.01). The fusion rate was 94% as determined by X-rays of flexion and extension, and the correction of the compression fracture site was maintained well. A pedicle nail system stabilizes the spinal column with osteoporosis and reduces the instrumentation failure. The technique for the insertion of the pedicle nail reduces complication from cement augmentation. The authors speculate that the strategy using the pedicle nail system for osteoporotic spine may be effective and safe when the surgery is performed through a posterior approach.     

经伤椎椎弓根植骨结合膨胀型椎弓根钉固定治疗老年性胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨结合膨胀型椎弓根钉固定治疗老年性胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法对2010年2月～2012年3月收治的32例65岁以上的老年胸腰椎骨折患者行手术治疗的临床资料进行回顾性分析,行后路经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨结合膨胀型椎弓根螺钉复位内固定术。术后随访观察椎弓根螺钉稳定性、脊柱融合率、术前及术后疼痛视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评分、伤椎Cobb角、椎体前后缘高度改善情况。结果 32例患者获得术后平均16个月的随访,所有患者螺钉稳定性及骨融合良好。VAS评分、Cobb角矫正、椎体前后缘高度均较术前明显改善。结论经椎弓根椎体内植骨结合膨胀型椎弓根钉固定治疗老年性胸腰椎骨折在促进骨折愈合、改善疼痛及减少术后后凸畸形方面均具有良好的临床疗效。     

后路椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗多节段胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨后路椎弓根螺钉内固定系统治疗多节段胸腰椎骨折（MSF）的临床疗效。方法对27例MSF患者在伤后2～11 d行后路椎弓根螺钉系统内固定手术治疗。测量术前与末次随访时椎体高度与后凸角,对神经功能进行Frankel评分,评价疗效。结果患者均获随访,时间7～36（25±4）个月,伤椎前缘高度术前为30%～70%（48.3±7.8）%,末次随访时为80%～100%（93.1±4.0）%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;后凸角术前为20～35（28.3±5.8）,°末次随访时为5～15（7.3±2.8）°,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。内固定无松动、断裂。Frankel分级：A级3例无恢复;B级4例恢复至C级3例、D级1例;C级4例均恢复至D级;D级9例5例恢复至E级,4例无恢复。结论椎弓根螺钉内固定系统治疗MSF能有效复位骨折椎体,重建脊柱稳定性,临床疗效满意。     

椎弓根钉固定及高压分步注射椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰椎爆裂骨折并神经损伤

目的探讨椎弓根螺钉内固定结合高压注射椎体成形术治疗老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折并神经损伤的疗效。方法回顾分析椎弓根螺钉内固定结合经椎弓根高压分步注射骨水泥治疗老年胸腰椎爆裂性骨折并神经损伤患者22例,随访平均19月。术后观察骨折椎体前缘压缩率、椎管侵占率、Cobb角、神经功能改善情况及并发症。结果椎体前缘压缩率由术前的58.7%恢复为术后7.0%,后凸Cobb角由术前平均24.0°矫正至6.6°,椎管侵占率由术前52.6%恢复为术后11.8%,术后与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。VAS术前平均8.7分,术后2.2分。脊髓功能恢复按Frankel分级,除1例A级病例术后截瘫症状无明显恢复外,其他病例均达到1级或1级以上的恢复。有2椎体发生椎体外骨水泥渗漏,无肺栓塞、感染和神经损伤等并发症发生。未发现内固定松动、断裂现象。结论椎弓根螺钉内固定结合椎体成形术有利于同时解决胸腰椎骨折对神经的压迫、脊柱的不稳定及骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折造成的顽固性胸腰背疼痛等问题。高压分步注射可降低骨水泥渗漏的风险。     

短节段椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎体增强术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

 目的 探讨短节段椎弓根螺钉固定结合椎体增强术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的疗效。方法 2006年 11月至 2009年 9月采用短节段椎弓根螺钉固定结合自固化硫酸钙骨水泥椎体增强术治疗且有完整随访资料的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者 37例,男 21例,女 16例; 年龄 39耀60岁,平均 47.3岁。术后评估伤椎前缘高度比、矢状面 Cobb角、神经功能恢复、内固定失败率、疼痛视觉模拟评分及 Oswestry功能障碍指数。结果随访 14~37个月,平均 19个月。无内固定失败。 16例术前神经功能部分损害者 12例完全恢复,无神经功能损害加重。自固化硫酸钙平均于术后 3个月开始吸收,椎体骨折术后 5个月内愈合。伤椎前缘高度比由术前 55.40%±9.79%恢复至术后 85.46%±6.56%,最终维持在 82.35%±7.48%; 矢状面 Cobb角由术前 22.45°±7.74°恢复至术后 6.86°±5.27°,最终维持在 9.66°±5.88°。末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟评分平均 1.2,Oswestry功能障碍指数平均 20.4。结论,短节段椎弓根螺钉固定结合自固化硫酸钙骨水泥椎体增强术治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折安全、简便,能有效防止椎体高度丢失及进行性后凸畸形。     

胸腰段骨折病理特点及治疗

目的探讨胸腰段骨折的病理特点及椎弓根螺钉内固定系统在其治疗中的应用及临床效果。方法 2005年3月～2010年3月,共94例胸腰段骨折患者行根螺钉内固定治疗,其中行跨伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术76例,行经伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定术18例。通过观察伤椎椎体高度、伤椎后凸Cobb角、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analoguescale,VAS）评分、美国脊髓损伤学会（American Spinal Injury Association,ASIA）评分及术后X线片对患者的恢复情况进行评价。结果所有患者术后随访6～24个月,平均15个月。患者椎体高度恢复率为89%～100%,平均为94%;Cobb角恢复到0°～6°,平均2.3°;VAS评分恢复至0～3分,平均1.3分;神经功能明显恢复,与术前相比差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论椎弓根螺钉内固定系统是治疗胸腰段骨折的有效方法,其中短节段经伤椎椎弓根内固定可能成为一种更具优势的内固定方式。     

多节段椎体增强后椎弓根钉内固定系统在骨质疏松性椎体骨折治疗中的应用

目的探讨多节段椎体增强后应用椎弓根钉内固定系统治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的疗效。方法自2004年起应用骨水泥强化椎体后椎弓根钉内固定系统治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折12例,观察后凸Cobb角矫正度、内固定稳定情况及临床症状改善程度。结果12例患者获随访6~24个月,平均13个月,椎弓根钉内固定系统无松动、脱落、折断。后凸畸形Cobb角平均矫正24.2°,疼痛VAS评分由术前平均8.7分降至术后平均2.5分,ODI评分(%)由术前平均71.5改善至术后平均32.5。结论应用椎体增强后椎弓根钉内固定系统治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折可获得满意的临床疗效。