可吸收螺钉治疗膝后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折

目的 探讨应用可吸收螺钉治疗膝后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱性骨折的治疗效果.方法 2006年1月～2011年1月对16例膝后交叉韧带胫骨附着点撕脱骨折进行可吸收螺钉内固定治疗.结果 经3个月～1年随访,无感染、瘘道形成,无骨折再移位和关节僵硬,16例骨折全部愈合,按HSS膝关节评分法,优13例,良3例,优良率100%.结论...     

后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术治疗

后交叉韧带是稳定关节的重要因素,对膝关节运动起着导向和限制作用。后交叉韧带损伤后,如未得到及时的治疗常容易导致膝关节不稳,继发半月板、软骨损害、创伤性骨性关节炎的发生。随着对后交叉韧带解剖、生物力学性质研究的深入进展。     

前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的治疗进展

前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament, ACL）胫骨止点撕脱骨折及其治疗方法最早是由Poncet于1875年提出,至今已有百年历史。该骨折发生率极低,约为每年3/100000,好发于儿童和青少年人群,在小儿骨科中该骨折发生率与ACL实质部损伤的发生率基本相同［1］。近年来,随着交通事故的增多及竞技体育的不断发展,ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折变得越来越常见。最近研究表明,该骨折在成人发生率比以往预想的要高很多［2］。临床上对该骨折的治疗方法进行了积极研究和探索,但在如何选择固定方式及内固定物等问题上仍存在争议。本文结合国内外对ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折的最新研究及治疗进展进行综述。     

前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的关节镜下治疗

随着现代交通、建筑业的发展和各项群众运动的普遍开展，膝关节前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)急性损伤也日趋增多，其中急性ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折在临床上较多见。我院骨科从1998年3月至2001年3月，在关节镜下用抽出钢丝治疗急性ACL胫骨止点撕脱骨折27例，取得初期良好效果和临床经验。现将主要技术方法及临床经验报告如下。     

关节镜下缝线固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

后交叉韧带 (PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折治疗较为棘手。对于骨块较大的撕脱骨折 ,一般经膝关节后路行切开复位内固定 ,该方法创伤较大 ,难以同时处理关节内的合并损伤 ;对于骨块较小的撕脱骨折 ,由于内固定难以实施 ,多主张采用保守治疗 ,骨块复位不佳往往导致PCL松弛或者功能不全 ,最终影响膝关节功能。近年由于关节镜技术的进展 ,在关节镜下进行骨折的复位固定已经实现。关节镜下治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折虽然有一定的难度 ,但因其创伤小、监控直接 ,加之采用缝线技术 ,复位和固定可靠 ,适用于不同大小骨块的撕脱骨折 ,故有利于膝关节功能的…     

膝后内侧倒“L”形切口结合空心螺钉内固治疗后交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折

目的：探讨应用膝关节后内侧倒＂L＂形切口结合空心螺钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法：对33例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折应用膝关节后内侧倒＂L＂形切口结合空心螺钉内固定。结果：33例患者进行了6～36个月,平均20个月的随访,X线检查结果表明所有骨折均顺利愈合,平均愈合时间为4.5个月。Lysholm评分结果表明,优26例,良7例,优良率为100%。没有关节感染、骨折块移位、骨不连等并发症发生。结论：应用膝后内侧倒＂L＂形切口结合空心螺钉内固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折方法简单,固定可靠,效果复好。     

切开复位内、外排锚钉固定与空心螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带撕脱骨折临床效果分析

目的比较切开内、外排锚钉固定与空心螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带(PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的临床疗效。方法选取自2017年1月至2019年1月沈阳市骨科医院收治的28例PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者为研究对象。其中,行切开内、外排锚钉固定的14例患者设为内、外排锚钉组,行空心螺钉固定的14例患者设为空心螺钉组。比较两组患者的手术时间。术后1周和术后1、3、6个月复查X线影像,评估骨折愈合情况;采用国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)评分、 Lysholm评分及Tegner评分评估患侧膝关节功能恢复情况。结果所有患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合并获得随访。内、外排锚钉组手术时间为(42.0±13.5)min,低于空心螺钉组的(65.0±19.3)min,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后6个月,所有患者X线影像示骨折均已愈合;两组患者IKDC评分、Lysholm评分及Tegner评分均较术前明显改善,但两组间各评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论切开内、外排锚钉固定及空心螺钉固定治疗Meyers-McKeeverⅡ、Ⅲ型PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折均具有骨折复位满意、术后关节功能恢复佳等优点;与空心螺钉固定相比,内、外排锚钉固定手术时间短,对于骨折块大小及骨质条件无特殊要求,且操作相对简单。     

关节镜下治疗胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折和半月板根部撕脱骨折的经验分享

目的：描述一例胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折和半月板根部撕脱骨折和内侧副韧带损伤的病例成功治疗,对此类患者手术方式和康复方案提供了一种参考。病例描述：患者男性,35岁,以“跌倒致右膝肿痛、活动受限1天”为主诉来我院就诊。骑电动车摔倒后右膝关节疼痛,活动受限。完善检查诊断：1、右膝胫骨髁间棘骨折;2、右膝前交叉韧带损伤3、右外侧胫骨平台骨折;4、右膝外侧半月板损伤;5、右膝内侧副韧带损伤。行联合关节镜手术治疗。结果：患者3个月骨折愈合,逐渐恢复到正常生活中。结论：我们的联合关节镜技术能够很好的治疗胫骨平台骨折合并前交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折和半月板根部撕脱骨折和内侧副韧带损伤的病人。     

单纯后交叉韧带撕脱性骨折的早期诊断和治疗

单纯后交叉韧带撕脱性骨折的早期诊断和治疗崔元江骆东山王斌单一后交叉韧带（ＰＣＬ）从胫骨附着部撕脱性骨折，临床较少见，笔者１９８０～１９９５年共收治１１例．现报告如下．临床资料１．一般资料：男８例，女３例；年龄２１～６４岁．左侧７例，右侧４例．致伤原因...     

关节镜下双半结缝扎固定治疗急性后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折10例回顾分析

目的:探讨关节镜下双半结缝扎固定治疗后交叉韧带(PCL)胫骨止点撕脱骨折的手术方法及其疗效。方法:2007年10月至2008年10月采用关节镜下双半结缝扎固定治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折患者10例,年龄16～45岁,骨折块横径>10 mm者5例,5～10 mm者3例,<5 mm者2例,均在关节镜下使用双股5号爱惜邦缝线,采用缝扎的方式在韧带末端上方打双半结,对撕脱骨块捆扎。从胫骨前内侧向胫骨后方骨床的四点半及七点半方向钻两个2.0 mm骨隧道,经骨隧道将缝线拉出,固定于胫前门型钉上。术后观察骨折复位情况、愈合时间;并拟定关节功能恢复至伤前水平或连续3次随访膝关节Lysholm评分无变化者为末次随访,用末次随访的KT2000值及Lysholm评分评估疗效。结果:所有患者均获随访,随访时间12～24个月,平均15.5个月。所有骨折均愈合,平均愈合时间2.5个月,复查X线片与术后第1日X线片对比骨块无再移位;术前KT2000值为11.53±2.37 mm,术后末次随访时为0.83±0.42 mm,手术前后采用t检验比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);术后Lysholm评分平均96.25±2.33分;3例青少年患者未见骨骺早闭;所有患者关节屈伸功能正常,均达到伤前运动水平。结论:关节镜下双半结缝扎固定治疗PCL胫骨止点撕脱骨折,固定可靠、创伤小、可较好恢复患膝功能;能同时处理关节内的合并伤;为粉碎性骨折、骨折块较小的患者提供有效的固定方法;对青少年患者的骨骺影响较小。     

A safe postero-medial approach to posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) plays a major role in knee stabilization, and clinical studies have shown an increase in incidence of its injury. Due to the surrounding neurovascular elements in the popliteal space, open approaches to repair such injury are difficult to perform. The “safe postero-medial approach” to PCL avulsion fracture is a simple approach, does not require exploration of the neurovascular elements, and produced satisfactory results in the majority of patients.     

关节镜下Ethibond缝线联合Endobutton钢板治疗膝前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨关节镜下Ethibond缝线联合Endobutton钢板固定治疗前交叉韧带下止点撕脱性骨折的可行性及近期疗效。方法2010年7月～2012年8月对23例膝前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折患者行关节镜下Ethibond韧带缝线联合Endobutton带袢钢板止点重建术,男性16例,女性7例;年龄25～66岁,平均38．5岁。术中使用Ethibond缝线,横穿撕脱骨折腱骨联合区,经韧带两侧胫骨骨隧道拉到胫骨内下方,固定在胫骨前方Endobutton钢板上。结果手术时间45—70min,平均55min。23例均随访11—24个月,平均17．5个月。术后6个月,所有骨折均获愈合,未出现骨折移位及膝关节不稳;Lysholm膝关节功能评分86～97分。结论关节镜下韧带缝线联合Endobutton带袢钢板治疗膝前交叉韧带下止点撕脱骨折,操作简便,效果可靠。     

改良膝关节后侧切口治疗后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱骨折临床分析

目的评价应用改良膝关节后侧切口治疗后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱骨折的方法及疗效。方法回顾分析应用改良膝关节后侧切口切开复位、空心螺钉置入治疗后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱骨折19例。结果本组手术过程顺利,住院期间无感染及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症。19例均获门诊复查随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均9个月,获得随访的患者骨折术后均I期愈合,膝关节活动度均正常,Lysholm评分由术前平均65.4分提高至最后一次随访平均96.6分。结论改良膝关节后侧切口治疗后交叉韧带胫骨撕脱骨折是简便、安全的手术入路,可充分显露骨折区域,对骨折进行有效复位、固定。     

关节镜下后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折手术效果分析

目的探讨关节镜下后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折闭合复位内定术的疗效及可行性,为临床治疗后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折患者的方法选择提供参考依据。方法选取2013年8月~2014年8月佛山市中医院三水医院收治的后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折患者40例,随机数字表法分为观察组(n=20)和对照组(n=20)。观察组采用关节镜下后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折闭合复位内固定术的方法进行治疗;对照组采用传统的以切开复位内固定为主的手段进行治疗,观察比较两组患者术前、术后6周及术后半年患者Lysholm膝关节功能评分等指标的差异,对关节镜下后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折闭合复位内固定术的疗效进行评价。结果 40例均随访6周~6个月。术后6周,观察组只有1例骨折移位,对照组有5例出现骨折移位。观察组无伤口感染,对照组有1例伤口感染。术后6周观察组Lysholm膝关节功能评分(70.32±2.97)分,对照组Lysholm膝关节功能评分(70.12±1.51)分;术后半年观察组Lysholm膝关节功能评分(85.68±3.11)分,对照组Lysholm膝关节功能评分(72.16±2.51)分。观察组Lysholm膝关节功能评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论关节镜下后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折闭合复位手术能明显提高手术6周后骨折愈合情况,半年后Lysholm膝关节功能评分明显升高,是一种对治疗后交叉韧带止点撕脱性骨折比较成熟的手术方法,具有实际意义。     

Delayed recurrent hemarthrosis after staple fixation of tibial avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament: a case report

This study reports a case of unusual vascular complication related to the staple fixation for the tibial avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The patient, who experienced recurrent hemarthrosis 12 months after staple fixation for the avulsion fracture of the PCL, was successfully managed by removing the staple and suturing the bleeding focus of the popliteal artery. Injury to the popliteal artery by the prominent staples could be the culprit causing the recurrent hemarthrosis. This type of delayed popliteal artery injury should be kept in mind in open reduction and internal fixation for the tibial avulsion fracture of the PCL.     

Transosseous reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament: Single-and double-tunnel techniques

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries represent between 3% and 37% of all knee ligament injuries reported in the literature. The wide range exists because of the various mechanisms of injury seen by the investigators. The traditional reconstruction of the PCL has been a single-bundle technique. Attention has been focused on reconstruction of the larger and stronger anterolateral bundle. Other investigators have explored the concept of an isometric 1-bundle reconstruction. Recent biomechanical data have suggested that a double-bundle technique, including the additional reconstruction of the posteromedial bundle of the PCL, can better reproduce physiologic posterior tibial translation throughout the knee range of motion. We will discuss the techniques of both single-and double-tunnel reconstruction of the PCL.     

Femoral avulsion fracture of the posterior cruciate ligament in association with a rupture of the popliteal artery in a 9-year-old boy: a case report

Ruptures of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and especially proximal bony avulsion fractures in children are very rare. This in combination with a rupture of the popliteal artery is extremely rare. Thus, an exact incidence is not available from the literature. Overall, these injuries are severe and often lead to chronic knee instability. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy who suffered a traumatic displacement of the left knee with a rupture of the popliteal artery. Prior to transfer to our department, he was treated by a saphenous vein bypass graft and by a transfixation of the knee using two oblique percutaneous pins. We performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the knee which revealed a femoral avulsion fracture of the PCL. Other ligaments and menisci were intact. A transosseous femoral fixation using non-absorbable stitches was carried out. A 1-year follow-up after surgery demonstrates intact peripheral perfusion and sensation, straight axes of both legs and a physiological gait. Minimal differences of the length and circumference of both legs could be measured. The posterior laxity (Lachman-test) was about 5/8 mm (right/left knee) and 2/5 mm (right/left knee) in 90° flexion. The range of motion (extension/flexion) was 5/0/140°–/5/100° (right–left knee). Intact cruciate ligaments were confirmed by MRI. Minimal experience exists in treatment of combined injuries to the PCL and the popliteal artery in children.U. Bosch and C. Krettek contributed equally to this work     

MRI of knee ligament injury and reconstruction

Knee ligament instability may lead to meniscal and chondral damage, resulting in early osteoarthritis. Due to its superior soft tissue contrast and avoidance of harmful ionizing radiation, MRI has become the most important imaging modality for early recognition of structural defects of the knee joint. This review aims to the understanding of MRI appearances of knee ligament structures associated with knee instability, and to review the common patterns of altered knee mechanics that lead to ligament failure. Normal anatomy of the knee ligaments, pathologic conditions, and postsurgical appearances of the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and posterolateral corner are described. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:757–773 . © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .     

Arthroscopic fixation of anterior cruciate ligament tibial avulsion fractures using bioabsorbable suture anchors

This article describes a new technique for the arthroscopic reduction and fixation of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial avulsion fractures using bioabsorbable suture anchors. This described technique requires the use of anterolateral, anteromedial, medial mid-patellar, and lateral mid-patellar portals. A suture hook loaded with No. 2 polydioxanone (PDS) was used to pierce the ACL through the anteromedial or anterolateral portal, and bioabsorbable suture anchors were inserted through the medial and lateral mid-patellar portals. The five patients treated using this technique were evaluated at 1 year postoperatively. All patients showed bony union without anterior laxity or flexion contracture. The described technique provides firm fixation of fracture fragment and can be used in both skeletally immature and mature patients.