A long surviving case of resected gastric cancer presenting with a synchronous adrenal metastasis

Received for publication on Jan. 28, 1999; accepted on May 29, 1999     

Recurrence in early gastric cancer with lymph node metastasis

Background  Early gastric cancer (EGC) has an excellent prognosis, but some patients with lymph node-positive disease will develop recurrence. In this study we investigated the risk factors for recurrence in this selected group of patients. Methods  The clinical and pathological records of 2368 patients who underwent gastrectomy for solitary EGC between 1980 and 1999 at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, were examined. Two hundred and thirty-eight patients (10%) were lymph node-positive (positive for lymph node metastasis) and form the population of this study. Results  Nineteen (8%) of the 238 patients with lymph nodepositive disease developed recurrence. The most common site of recurrence was lymph node (37%), followed by liver (21%). The interval between surgery and the detection of recurrence ranged from 3 to 98 months, with a median of 26 months. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the number of metastatic nodes was an independent risk factor for recurrence. Patients with seven or more metastatic nodes had the highest rate of recurrence, at 38%. Conclusion  The number of nodes positive for metastasis was the only independent risk factor for recurrence after curative surgery in patients with lymph node-positive early gastric cancer. These high-risk patients may obtain additional survival benefit if targeted with adjuvant chemotherapy.     

胃癌附睾转移一例报道(英文)

Epididymal metastasis from gastric cancer is extremely rare. We reported one rare case. The 34-year-old male patient was found swelling lumps on his right testicle 6 months after adjuvant chemotherapy. The patient was given another 2 cycles of chemotherapy which followed by DCX regimen after the orchiectomy. The patient is still survival 21 months after radical gastrectomy. Therefore the early correct diagnosis and rational treatment are very important for improving the survival rate of patients.     

Micrometastasis in lymph nodes of mucosal gastric cancer

Background. Endoscopic mucosal resection is frequently used in the treatment of mucosal gastric cancer. Micrometastasis in the lymph nodes of mucosal gastric cancer remains unclear. Methods. We examined 2526 lymph nodes from 84 patients with mucosal gastric cancer. Two consecutive sections were prepared, for simultaneous staining with hematoxylin and eosin and immunostaining with CAM 5.2 monoclonal antibody against cytokeratin (CK), respectively. A clinicopathological comparison was made between patients with and without lymph node involvement. Results. Lymph node involvement was detected in 45 of 2526 (1.8%) lymph nodes. The incidence of nodal involvement was significantly increased, from 1.2% (1/84 patients) with hematoxylin and eosin staining, to 19% (16/84 patients) with CK immunostaining. Although no significant difference was found, micrometastasis to lymph nodes was more frequently detected in tumors larger than 1.0 cm (15/72 patients, 21%) than in those less than or equal to 1.0 cm (1/12 patients; 8%, P = 0.307). However, discrete CK-positive cancer cells or clusters of CK-positive cancer cells were detected only in tumors larger than 2 cm. Conclusion. Because mucosal gastric cancer of more than 1.0 cm in superficial diameter may indicate a risk of micrometastasis to lymph nodes, endoscopic mucosal resection is not recommended for these patients. Received: May 17, 2000 / Accepted: July 14, 2000     

早期胃癌淋巴结转移及临床意义

淋巴结转移是影响早期胃癌手术方式选择和预后的重要因素,对其转移规律和特点的认识及检测方法的掌握对于合理开展缩小手术至关重要。运用免疫组化和逆转录聚合酶链反应技术对早期胃癌前哨淋巴结检测不仅可以了解淋巴结站的转移特点、规律,而且可以发现微转移,从而指导术中淋巴结清扫范围而选择合理术式,避免标准根治术淋巴结清扫和扩大的手术方式对机体造成不必要的损害,减少手术创伤和术后并发症的出现,提高患者术后生存质量。     

215例早期胃癌淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

  目的   探讨早期胃癌淋巴结转移的危险因素。   方法   回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年12月安徽医科大学附属省立医院普外科收治的215例早期胃癌患者的临床病理资料, 并研究早期胃癌淋巴结转移与临床病理因素的关系。   结果   215例患者中淋巴结转移者36例, 单因素分析显示: 肿瘤最大直径(P=0.022)、浸润深度(P=0.003)、Hp感染情况(P=0.004)均与早期胃癌淋巴结转移有关。Logistic多因素回归分析显示: 肿瘤的浸润深度与早期胃癌淋巴结转移有关(P=0.002)。   结论   肿瘤的浸润深度是影响早期胃癌淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。      

膜联蛋白Ⅱ在胃癌组织中的表达及其在胃癌转移中的作用

目的：探讨膜联蛋白Ⅱ（AnnexinⅡ）在胃癌组织中的表达及其在胃癌转移中的作用。方法采用免疫组织化学法检测AnnexinⅡ在51例胃癌组织和24例癌旁组织中的表达,并统计AnnexinⅡ阳性表达与胃癌患者临床特征的关系。用AnnexinⅡ特异性siRNA在胃癌HGC-27细胞抑制AnnexinⅡ的表达,应用黏附实验、侵袭实验检测抑制AnnexinⅡ表达后对胃癌细胞的黏附、侵袭能力的影响。结果 AnnexinⅡ蛋白在胃癌组织中阳性率为82.4%,在癌旁组织中阳性率为37.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.01）;并且AnnexinⅡ阳性表达与患者的性别与年龄无关（P﹥0.05）,而与肿瘤大小、组织分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移临床特征有关,差异具有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。在胃癌HGC-27细胞转染AnnexinⅡsiRNA后,细胞中AnnexinⅡ的蛋白和mRNA水平均下降,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。并且抑制AnnexinⅡ表达后,胃癌HGC-27细胞的黏附、侵袭能力下降,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）。结论 AnnexinⅡ在胃癌组织中高表达,AnnexinⅡ蛋白表达与肿瘤大小、组织分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移临床特征有关,并且AnnexinⅡ高表达可促进胃癌转移。因此,AnnexinⅡ可以作为抑制胃癌转移的潜在靶点,开发靶向AnnexinⅡ的药物可能成为治疗胃癌转移的新方法。     

Ureteral metastasis as the first and sole manifestation of gastric cancer dissemination

Background

Isolated ureteral metastasis from gastric cancer is extremely rare.

Case report

We describe a 50 year old man with a history of subtotal gastrectomy who presented 4 years later with an ureteral metastasis. He was asymptomatic and diagnostic tests were performed due to the elevated creatinine level disclosed incidentally. The partial resection of distal right ureter as well as the resection of the right ureterovesical junction was performed with the implantation of double J stent. Histopathology revealed a metastasis of the adenocarcinoma that matched perfectly a tumour specimen from the gastric cancer surgery. It was first and isolated manifestation of gastric cancer dissemination.

Conclusions

Although rare, the ureteral metastasis from gastric cancer can be the first, sole and asymptomatic manifestation of gastric cancer dissemination after a period of time.     

TSG101蛋白表达与胃癌转移关系研究

目的：研究肿瘤易感基因101（tumor susceptibility gene 101,TSG101）在原发性胃癌、癌旁及其对应转移灶中表达情况,及与胃癌临床参数特别是转移的关系。方法：应用免疫组织化学方法检测TSG101蛋白在67例原发性胃癌组织、癌旁及其中28例转移灶中表达情况,分析其在转移及非转移性胃癌原发灶中表达水平的差异与患者临床病理资料的相关性,并分析其在所有67例原发灶与28例转移灶表达水平的差异。结果：TSG101在胃癌组织阳性表达率高于其对应癌旁组织（P〈0.05）;在原发灶中阳性表达率与其分化及转移呈正相关（P〈0.05）,而与性别及分期间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;在转移灶中阳性表达率高于原发灶（P〈0.05）。结论：TSG101在胃癌组织中表达水平与胃癌分化及转移呈正相关,提示可能在胃癌转移过程中起着重要的作用。     

Prognostic role of lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer

Objective： To clarify the relationship between clinicopathological features and lymph node metastasis and to propose the potential indications of lymph node metastasis for prognosis in early gaswic cancer （EGC） patients. Methods： We retrospectively observed 226 EGC patients with lymph node resection, and analyzed the associations between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological parameters using the chi-square test in univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis in multivariate analysis. Overall survival analysis was determined using the Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test. We conducted multivariate prognosis analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results： Of all the EGC patients, 7.5% （17/226） were histologically shown to have lymph node metastasis. The differentiation, lymphovascular invasion and depth of invasion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in EGC. The 5- and 10-year survival rates were significantly lower in patients with lymph node metastasis than in those without and the patients also had shorter progress-free survival time. Lymph node metastasis and tumor size were independent prognostic factors for EGC. The status of the lymph nodes was a significant factor in predicting recurrence or metastasis after surgery. Conclusions： The undifferentiated carcinoma and lymphovascular and/or submucosal invasion were associated with a higher incidence of lymph node metastasis in EGC patients, whom need to perform subsequent D2 lymphadenectomy or laparoscopic lymph node dissection and more rigorous follow-up or additional chemotherapy/radiation after D2 gastrectomy for poor prognosis and high recurrence/metastasis rate.     

早期胃癌的淋巴结转移规律及预后分析

目的 分析早期胃癌的临床病理特征与预后之间的关系及早期胃癌的淋巴结转移规律.方法 对1994年1月～2005年10月手术治疗并有完整资料的255例早期胃癌的临床病理学资料进行回顾性分析.结果 255例患者的总5年生存率为91.4%.单因素分析显示,肿瘤浸润深度、脉管瘤栓和区域淋巴结转移与患者术后生存率有关;而性别、年龄...     

乌苯美司抑制胃癌患者术后复发转移临床研究

目的评价乌苯美司对胃癌患者术后免疫功能及远处复发转移的影响。方法60例经术后病理证实为Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期胃癌患者随机分成3组,均行术后常规辅助化疗,A、B两组分别加服6个月、12个月乌苯美司,对照C组不服乌苯美司。观察3组的CD4/CD8、NK细胞活性,以及无病生存期、中位生存时间。结果在可评价的60例患者中,A、B组两组在服用乌苯美司后CD4/CD8比值及NK细胞活性,均较治疗前自身对照组及C组明显提高(P<0.05),B组CD4/CD8比值及NK细胞活性高于A组但无统计学差异(P>0.05);A、B两治疗组的无病生存期和中位生存时间较对照C组时间延长(P<0.05),B组的无病生存期和中位生存时间较A组延长但无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论胃癌术后辅助化疗患者,服用乌苯美司可显著改善CD4/CD8比值、NK细胞活性,延长无病生存期和中位生存时间,抑制肿瘤的复发及远处转移。乌苯美司是否通过提高患者免疫力、抑制CD13的活性进而抑制肿瘤转移的作用机制仍需要进一步研究。     

Identification of lymph node metastasis by computed tomography in early gastric cancer

ObjectiveLymph node status is critical when selecting treatment methods for patients with early gastric cancer (EGC). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) for detection of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in patients with EGC.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients who had pathologically confirmed EGC between November 2010 and January 2019. After 1:1 propensity score matching, 65 patients with LNM and 65 patients without LNM were retained for comparison. The long diameter (LD) and short diameter (SD) of all visualized lymph nodes in all stations were recorded. The diagnostic value of LNM was assessed with receiver operating characteristic analysis.ResultsAmong 130 patients, we found a total of 558 lymph nodes on the CT images. Among the diagnostic indicators, the number, sum of LD and sum of SD of lymph nodes greater than 3 mm had better discrimination. The areas under the curve were all greater than 0.75. As for different regions, the optimal cutoff values of number, the sum of LD and sum of SD were determined as follows: overall, ≥4, 19.9 mm and 13.5 mm; left gastric artery basin, ≥3, 15.7 mm and 8.6 mm; right gastroepiploic artery basin, ≥2, 8.6 mm and 7.0 mm.ConclusionsCT is valuable for diagnosing LNM in EGC patients. The number, sum of LD and sum of SD of lymph nodes greater than 3 mm are preferable indicators. Different regional lymph nodes have different optimal criteria for predicting LNM in ECG patients.     

Lymph node metastasis and preoperative diagnosis of depth of invasion in early gastric cancer

Background. No reports have, to date, focused on the relationship between preoperative determination of the depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis. The present study, under the leadership of the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association, was designed to form a basis for decision making in limited treatment for early gastric cancer (EGC). Methods. From eight major hospitals in Japan, 2672 gastric cancers whose preoperative depth of invasion was mucosal(M-cancer), and 6209 EGCs, consisting of 3584 mucosal(m-) and 2625 submucosal(sm-) cancers, were collected by questionnaire. All registered patients underwent gastrectomy with D1 or more extensive lymphadenectomy between 1985 and 1998. Results. The accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of depth of invasion of M-cancers was 80.2% (2144/2672). However, of the total of 2432 M-cancers in which no nodal involvement was observed intraoperatively (N0), histological examination of the resected specimens confirmed that lymph node metastasis was absent in 2353 (96.8%). The frequencies of lymph node metastasis in early gastric, m-, and sm-cancers were 8.9%, 2.5%, and 17.6%, respectively. Node involvement was associated with a higher frequency of undifferentiated than differentiated histology, as well as with greater tumor size. The incidences of lymph node metastasis in m-cancers with a diameter of less than 4 cm, and in sm-cancers with a diameter below 1 cm were 1.3% (37/2837) and 4.9% (4/82), respectively. These metastases rarely extended beyond the first tier. Conclusion. N0 and M-cancers, m-cancers less than 4 cm in diameter, and sm-cancers no larger than 1 cm in diameter may be appropriate indications for limited surgery. Received: January 23, 2001 / Accepted: March 15, 2001     

High incidence of liver metastasis in gastric cancer with medullary growth pattern

We studied the histology of resected specimens from 71 gastric cancer patients with synchronous and metachronous liver metastasis to assess the predominance of a particular histological pattern in gastric cancer with a tendency for liver metastasis. Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma manifesting a medullary growth pattern was the most frequent histologic pattern (33%), followed by papillary adenocarcinoma (28%) in 39 patients with synchronous liver metastasis. In 32 patients who developed metachronous liver metastasis as the main pattern of recurrence, papillary adenocarcinoma was most frequent (47%), followed by poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the medullary type (28%). Scirrhous carcinoma was not encountered in patients manifesting metachronous liver metastasis. As most of the papillary adenocarcinomas exhibited a medullary growth pattern, we hypothesize that gastric cancer of the medullary type tends to metastasize to the liver, irrespective of the basic histologic pattern, and that poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the medullary type has a particularly high tendency for metastasizing to the liver.     

Micro-lymph node metastasis and its correlation with cathepsin D expression in early gastric cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Limited operations for early gastric cancer (EGC) have been recommended based on data from lymph node (LN) metastasis detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Recently, the clinical importance of micro-LN metastasis has been reported. In this study, the indication of limited operations for EGC was re-evaluated based on the data from micro-LN metastasis detected by cytokeratin (CK) immunostaining. Also, the correlation between micro-LN metastasis and lysosomal acidic protease cathepsin D (CD) expression in primary tumors was evaluated. METHODS: A total of 5,949 LNs from 160 patients with EGC were stained by anti-CK monoclonal antibody (CAM 5.2). Also, the 160 primary EGCs were stained by CD. RESULTS: The incidence of LN metastasis increased from 7.5% (12/160) by HE-staining to 27.5% (44 of 160) by CK immunostaining. The incidence of micro-LN metastasis increased according to the depth of tumor invasion (mucosal cancer: 19% and submucosal cancer: 36.8%) and the size of tumors (< or = 1.0 cm: 5.9%, 1.1-2.0 cm: 25.6%, and > 2.1 cm: 31.7%). The CK-staining patterns were classified into the three subgroups (CK-negative, n = 116; single cell type, n = 27; and clustered type, n = 17). The occurrence of cancer recurrence was significantly higher in clustered type (17.6%) than in single cell type (3.7%) and in CK-negative (0%, P < 0.0001). The mean percentage of CD-positive cancer cells of primary tumors in clustered type (17.2%) was significantly higher than in single cell type (12.3%) and in CK-negative (7.5%, P = 0.0036). CONCLUSIONS: The acidic protease CD may play an important role of cancer metastasis in EGC. The limited operation without lymphadenectomy should be indicated for EGC with CD-negative.