实用缺锌动物模型的饲料研究

研究实用缺锌饲料是建立缺锌动物模型的重要条件,以蛋清为缺锌饲料的蛋白质原料,经EDTA络合后,锌含量可低于0．8mg/kg,与经EDTA处理后的大豆粉,酷蛋白含锌量比较,结果显示,待处理后的收清含锌量明显低于大豆粉,酷蛋白中的锌含量,使用处理后蛋清配制的缺锌饲料的含量为1．07－2．16mg/kg,本法制成的饲料价格便宜,含锌量低,是一种实有的缺锌动物模型的半合成饲料。     

金黄地鼠实验性缺锌模型的初步研究

采用幼小金黄地鼠，自由摄取缺锌饲料或添加６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ双硫腙饲料，结果动物均可出现腹泻，毛稀疏，无光泽，足趾溃烂，有出血点，活动减少，血清锌、铜浓度降低等缺锌现象，双硫腙组粪锌显著增加。说明两种方法复制成缺锌模型，而采用自由摄取双硫腙饲料法较灌胃法更简单，方便。     

缺锌对大鼠脑发育的影响

本文通过建立大鼠缺锌（ｚｉｎｃｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙ，ＺＤ）、常锌配对（ｐａｉｒｆｅｅｄｉｎｇ，ＰＦ）模型，从微观及宏观角度，较深入地研究缺锌对学习记忆的影响。结果表明：（１）ＺＤ组的摄食量、体重增长值、饲料效价均非常显著地低于ＰＦ组。（２）ＺＤ组脑的Ｇ０／Ｇ１．期细胞高于ＰＦ组，而Ｓ＋Ｇ２／Ｍ期细胞、细胞容积、脑细胞ＤＮＡ、ＲＮＡ含量均低于ＰＦ组（Ｐ＜０．０５或Ｐ＜０．０１）。（３）ＺＤ组脑细胞内的ｃＡＭＰ高于而ＮＯ含量低于ＰＦｊＨ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（４）ＺＤ组血清锌和海马锌含量非常显著地低于ＰＦ组。（５）ＺＤ组全脑锌含量无显著下降，然脑铜含量较高，铁含量极低，与ＰＦ组比较有非常显著的差异。（６）ＺＤ组海马ＣＡ１区的ＬＴＰ诱出率为０。串刺激前后ＰＳ峰潜伏期和幅度无明显变化，而ＰＦ组ＬＴＰ诱出率为１００％，串刺激后ＰＳ峰潜伏期缩短，峰幅度明显增高。（７）ＺＤ组海马ＣＡ，区超微结构表现椎体细胞突触内突触小泡减少。（ｓ）ＺＤ组大鼠主动回避行为习得率为２４％，非常显著地低于ＰＦ组的６４％。     

缺锌与儿童健康

对缺锌与儿童健康的关系作了论述。包括 :锌在人体中的存在 ;锌的生理功能 ;缺锌对儿童健康的影响以及如何科学的补锌。     

必需脂肪酸对大鼠实验性缺锌的影响

以饱和脂肪(椰子油)配制缺锌(1.4～1.5ppm)饲料,从第二周起即有死亡,三周时死亡达55％。存活动物有严重缺锌症状。给存活鼠以含锌水(100ppm),症状很快消失,体重增长迅速。以红花油替代椰子油,动物到第四周时仍无缺锌表现,血锌、毛锌与正常近似。调正脂肪酸组成,使亚油酸约占总脂肪酸的20％,实验鼠可在两周后出现缺锌症状,血锌、毛锌低于正常,无死亡。动物可以供作缺锌实验用。     

缺锌对雄性大鼠生殖系统影响的实验研究

:参照国外配方 ,制成缺锌饲料建立缺锌大鼠模型 ,研究缺锌对雄性大鼠生殖系统生长发育及其与精子质量的关系。结果表明 :缺锌组大鼠血清锌与睾酮显著低于其他各组 ,精囊腺、包皮腺、提肛肌的脏器指数、精子密度、活率、穿透力等均较其他组低。睾丸形态学观察发现 :睾丸间质细胞及各级生精细胞形态异常。提示缺锌可对雄性大鼠生殖系统产生不利的影响     

缺锌及补锌对大鼠甲状腺激素的影响

目的了解锌缺乏及补锌对大鼠甲状腺激素的影响。方法将出生后断乳1周的SD大鼠随机分为缺锌组、配喂组、对照组、补锌组和高锌组,缺锌组、对照组、高锌组分别用缺锌饲料(Zn含量<1mg/kg),常锌饲料(Zn含量为50mg/kg)和高锌饲料(Zn含量为150mg/kg)喂养8周,补锌组用缺锌饲料喂养3周后改用高锌饲料喂养5周,配喂组用常锌饲料喂养,给料量按缺锌组前一天实际进食量添加。8周后处死,用极谱法测定血清中锌的含量,用放射免疫法测定血清中FT3、FT4的含量。结果缺锌使大鼠血清中锌含量显著降低,血清中FT3含量下降,补锌后恢复正常,缺锌对FT4无影响。结论缺锌引起甲状腺激素FT3下降,而FT4不受影响。     

儿童缺锌对生长发育的影响分析

目的:对营养不良儿童和健康儿童血锌含量进行比较,以保证儿童正常生长发育。方法:对178例6月~7岁营养不良儿童与300例生长正常儿童的血锌检查结果进行比较分析。结果:血锌营养不良组明显低于正常组(P<0.05)。6月~1岁发病率较低,1~2岁发病率最高。3岁以后发病率下降。结论:提示缺锌影响儿童正常生长发育,由于缺锌引起营养素摄入不足,蛋白质、糖类、脂肪等代谢障碍,体内ATP消耗过多,进一步引起营养不良。因此,在增加营养、纠正偏食、改善饮食结构的同时应进行一定量的药物性微量元素的补充,从而更好地改变营养不良状况。     

宝宝缺锌怎么补

我宝宝缺锌,一段时间的食补后,效果依然不是很明显,请问怎么才能更好地补呢？     

STEP1：四成孩子缺锌

“补锌”不是一个新鲜词．但是最近的一个数字引起了我们对补锌话题的新一轮思考。     

用化学代谢平衡法观察平衡膳食中锌的生物利用率研究

用原子吸收光谱法测定儿童发锌含量，根据发锌值把儿童分成３ 组（ＤＢ、ＮＬ、ＤＬ） 。其中ＤＢ 组给予平衡膳食，其它两组给予低锌膳食。观察实验前后３ 组儿童发锌值，并在实验最后１ 周，用化学代谢平衡法观察３ 组儿童锌表观吸收值的变化情况。结果显示ＤＢ 组儿童发锌实验前后差异显著，锌的表观吸收量大于其它两组（Ｐ＜ ００５） 。表明平衡膳食改善了儿童的锌缺乏状况，它是防治儿童锌缺乏的行之有效的措施     

High Protein Diet Feeding Aggravates Hyperaminoacidemia in Mice Deficient in Proglucagon-Derived Peptides

(1) Background: Protein stimulates the secretion of glucagon (GCG), which can affect glucose metabolism. This study aimed to analyze the metabolic effect of a high-protein diet (HPD) in the presence or absence of proglucagon-derived peptides, including GCG and GLP-1. (2) Methods: The response to HPD feeding for 7 days was analyzed in mice deficient in proglucagon-derived peptides (GCGKO). (3) Results: In both control and GCGKO mice, food intake and body weight decreased with HPD and intestinal expression of Pepck increased. HPD also decreased plasma FGF21 levels, regardless of the presence of proglucagon-derived peptides. In control mice, HPD increased the hepatic expression of enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism without the elevation of plasma amino acid levels, except branched-chain amino acids. On the other hand, HPD-induced changes in the hepatic gene expression were attenuated in GCGKO mice, resulting in marked hyperaminoacidemia with lower blood glucose levels; the plasma concentration of glutamine exceeded that of glucose in HPD-fed GCGKO mice. (4) Conclusions: Increased plasma amino acid levels are a common feature in animal models with blocked GCG activity, and our results underscore that GCG plays essential roles in the homeostasis of amino acid metabolism in response to altered protein intake.     

铁缺乏对鼠肝癌发生的抑制作用的研究

通过复制肝细胞癌发生的动物模型,观察铁缺乏在肝癌发生过程中的作用。结果发现：铁缺乏显著减少每只鼠的肝细胞癌结节数,尤其使高分化癌结节数减少。表明铁缺乏对肝细胞癌的发生有抑制作用。     

The Mediterranean Diet and the Western Diet in Adolescent Depression-Current Reports

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the world and a current and growing social and health problem. The growing scale of the problem not only concerns adults, but now it particularly affects children and adolescents. Prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders in adolescence is crucial because adolescent depression is a risk factor for recurrence of depression later in life, as well as many other mental health disorders in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to analyze data on the dietary patterns and composition of the Mediterranean diet as a modifiable risk factor for depression, which would be a viable prevention strategy and a good target for early intervention and supportive treatment of depression. Research shows that the Mediterranean diet pattern can reduce the risk and symptoms of depression, while western eating styles can increase the risk and severity of depression in adolescents. The number of studies in adolescent populations continues to increase, but most longitudinal and clinical studies are still insufficient. Modification of the diet can be a helpful strategy for the prevention and treatment of depression in adolescents; therefore, the diet of young people should be considered a key and modifiable goal in the prevention of mental disorders.     

幼年雌性SD大鼠营养性肥胖模型的建立

目的建立一种适合儿童肥胖研究的幼年大鼠营养性肥胖模型。方法45只刚离乳SD雌性大鼠按区组随机分为对照组、肥胖A组与B组,A组在给予普通饲料的基础上添加由黄豆芽、奶粉、猪油、鸡蛋、鱼肝油组成的高能量饲料,B组自由进食合成高脂饲料,喂养45 d后观察三组大鼠体重、Lee’s指数、腹腔内脂肪重量及其重量系数、肝脏体比、血脂、血糖、胰岛素、瘦素等肥胖相关指标。结果肥胖A组摄入的总能量及蛋白、脂肪量明显高于其他两组,A组体重4周末就明显高于对照组,6周末显著高于B组;A组的Lee’s指数、腹腔内脂肪重量及其重量系数、肝脏体比也明显高于其他两组,A组的肥胖率高于B组;但血脂、血糖、胰岛素、胰岛素敏感指数三组间无显著差异,血瘦素水平A组明显高于对照组与B组,且与体重呈正相关。结论自由进食普通饲料的基础上,每天15 g/只的高能量饲料的喂饲方式可诱导幼年雌性SD大鼠营养性肥胖模型。     

甲基汞对小鼠卵巢线粒体DNA聚合酶的影响

为了解甲基汞对小鼠卵巢线粒体ＤＮＡ聚合酶的影响，取小鼠卵巢分离线粒体，并经超速离心制备线粒体ＤＮＡ聚合酶粗提液，通过ＤＮＡ体外复制测定线粒体ＤＮＡ聚合酶活性。研究结果表明：甲基汞可以影响染毒组小鼠卵巢线粒体ＤＮＡ聚合酶的活性，随染毒剂量加大，ＤＮＡ聚合酶活性增高，呈剂量依赖关系。提示线粒体聚合酶的活性可能与ＤＮＡ损伤后的修复合成有关     

Moving Toward a Plant-based Diet: Are Iron and Zinc at Risk?

With reduced intake of meat and increased intake of phytate-containing legumes and whole grains, movement toward plant-based diets reduces dietary iron and zinc absorption. Although vegetarians have lower iron stores, adverse health effects of lower iron and zinc absorption have not been demonstrated with varied, plant-based diets consumed in developed countries. Improved assessment methods and monitoring are needed to detect and prevent possible iron and zinc deficiency with plant-based diets.     

营养科落实饮食保障社会化的实践

目的：总结本院营养科在落实饮食保障社会化过程中的管理实践及体会,以利更好开展膳食服务。方法：依照标准的工作流程阐述工作实践：①调查现状;②对调查结果进行分析、判断、研究;③制定并落实各项人员职责和规章制度。结果：饮食保障社会化后,就餐满意率各群体有所提升。结论：在饮食保障社会化的背景下,妥善运用＂量化评分-奖惩反馈＂经济杠杆等项综合措施对保障方的监管起到了有效的促进作用,结果明显,有积极意义的。     

1992年中国总膳食研究——常量和微量元素

通过测定混合膳食中１０种常量和微量元素含量，评价中国南、北四大地区人群每日膳食中常量和微量元素的摄入状况，并报道了膳食中各元素摄入量以及不同年龄组和春秋两季膳食中各元素摄入量的变化情况。结果表明：儿童膳食中不同程度地存在钙、磷、钾、镁、锌、硒和铜的偏低；成人膳食中钙、钾和锌摄入明显不足，其余７种元素均接近或达到推荐供给量水平，但地区差异较大。本文对钙磷比，钾钠比以及铁和铜与缺铁性贫血之间的关系进行了讨论。     

Development and Validation of an Index Based on EAT-Lancet Recommendations: The Planetary Health Diet Index

The EAT-Lancet Commission has proposed a planetary health diet. We propose the development of the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) based on this proposed reference diet. We used baseline dietary data obtained through a 114-item FFQ from 14,779 participants of the Longitudinal Study on Adult Health, a multicenter cohort study conducted in Brazil. The PHDI has 16 components and a score from 0 to 150 points. Validation and reliability analyses were performed, including principal component analyses, association with selected nutrients, differences in means between groups (for example, smokers vs. non-smokers), correlations between components and total energy intake, Cronbach’s alpha, item-item correlations, and linear regression analysis between PHDI with carbon footprint and overall dietary quality. The mean PHDI was 60.4 (95% CI 60.2:60.5). The PHDI had six dimensions, was associated in an expected direction with the selected nutrients and was significantly (p < 0.001) lower in smokers (59.0) than in non-smokers (60.6). Cronbach’s alpha value was 0.51. All correlations between components were low, as well as between components and PHDI with total energy intake. After adjustment for age and sex, the PHDI score remained associated (p < 0.001) with a higher overall dietary quality and lower carbon footprint. Thus, we confirmed the PHDI validity and reliability.