骨母细胞性肿瘤的免疫组织化学研究

选择３２例骨母细胞性肿瘤，包括１４例良性骨母细胞瘤、２例侵袭性骨母细胞瘤和１６例骨母细胞型骨肉瘤，用ＡＢＣ法作多种抗血清标记（ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ、Ｓ－１００、α－ＡＴ、ｌｙｓｏｚｙｍｅ、Ｌｅｕ－７、Ｋ１２和ＣＥＡ）。结果显示：３２例肿瘤性骨母细胞ｖｉｍｅｎｔｉｎ均呈不同程度的阳性反应；在６例骨母细胞型骨肉瘤和１例侵袭性骨母细胞瘤中散在的单个细胞Ｓ－１００蛋白呈阳性反应，表明肿瘤性的骨母细胞具有软骨分化的潜能１２４例肿瘤中的多核巨细胞α－ＡＴ和１５例肿瘤中的多核巨细胞ｌｙｓｏｚｙｍｅ均呈不同程度的阳性反应，进一步证实这些细胞可能是组织细胞起源；６例骨母细胞型骨肉瘤和４例良性骨母细胞瘤中的骨样基质Ｌｅｕ－７呈阳性反应。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗原发恶性骨肿瘤的随访报告

目的 探讨非侵入性保肢新方法。方法 对３１例四肢原发恶性骨肿瘤，采用单纯体外高强度聚超声（ＨＩＦＵ）或辅与化疗进行治疗。其中男２５例，女９例。年龄８－８９岁，平均２２岁。肿瘤部位：股骨下段１９例，股骨中上段４例，腔骨上段６例，脓骨１例，肱骨上段１例，尺骨上段１例，骼骨１例，耻骨１例。其中５例为保肢术后复发病例。外科分期：Ⅱｂ３４例。肿瘤类型：典型骨肉瘤２３例，皮质旁骨肉瘤２例，骨膜骨肉瘤１例，软骨肉瘤３例，尤文氏肉瘤１例，恶性骨母细胞瘤１例，恶性骨巨细胞瘤１例，来源不明２例。治疗方案２８例辅助术前…     

骨良恶性肿瘤Bcl-2和p53蛋白表达及意义

【目的】探讨Ｂｃｌ－２、ｐ５３在良恶性骨肿瘤组织中的蛋白表达情况及其生物学意义。【方法】应用ＡＢＣ免疫组化方法对３３例恶性骨肿瘤,包括１９例骨肉瘤,１４例软骨肉瘤和２２例良性骨肿瘤（骨软骨瘤）组织中Ｂｃｌ－２,ｐ５３的蛋白表达进行研究。【结果】恶性骨肿瘤组织中Ｂｃｌ－２,ｐ５３蛋白的阳性表达率分别为５１．５％和５４．５％,其中骨肉瘤组织为６３．２％和４７．４％,软骨肉瘤组织为３５．７％和６４．３％;良性骨肿瘤组织阳性表达率为１８．２％和２２．７％。恶性骨肿瘤组织Ｂｃｌ－２,ｐ５３蛋白阳性表达率明显高于良性骨肿瘤（Ｐ＜０．０５）,骨肉瘤组织Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白阳性表达率明显高于骨软骨瘤（Ｐ＜０．０１）,软骨肉瘤组织ｐ５３蛋白阳性率明显高于骨软骨瘤（Ｐ＜００５）。ＡＫＰ值增高组的恶性骨肿瘤组织ｐ５３蛋白阳性表达率（７５％）明显高于ＡＫＰ值正常值组（２０％,Ｐ＜０．０５）。【结论】Ｂｃｌ－２癌基因介导的凋亡紊乱和ｐ５３肿瘤抑制基因突变失活与恶性肿瘤的发生有关,Ｂｃｌ－２蛋白表达活性可能与骨肿瘤的恶性程度有关,ｐ５３肿瘤抑制基因突变失活是恶性肿瘤细胞成骨活性增强的因素之一。标记羊抗鼠ＩｇＧ和ＡＢＣ试剂,购自Ｓｉｇｍａ公     

股骨上端骨和肿瘤样病变84例X线分析

目的：分析股骨上端骨肿瘤和肿瘤样病变的X线表现。材料与方法：回顾性分析84例经手术病理和临床证实的股骨上端骨肿瘤和肿瘤病变X线表现，结合文献进行讨论。结果：良性肿瘤31例，其中骨脂肪瘤7例，软骨母细胞瘤4例，外生骨疣、巨细胞瘤、骨母细胞瘤各3例，软骨黏液样纤维瘤、韧带纤维瘤、骨牙质瘤和骨血管瘤各2例，软骨瘤、非骨化性纤维瘤和巨细胞瘤伴动脉瘤样骨囊肿各1例。恶性肿瘤33例，其中转移瘤9例，软骨肉瘤7例，骨肉瘤、骨旁肉瘤、骨血管外皮瘤、骨横纹肌肉瘤和畸形骨炎恶变为骨肉瘤各2例，骨髓瘤、淋巴肉瘤、网状细胞肉瘤、尤文氏瘤、骨纤维肉瘤、腺泡状肉瘤和Burkitt氏瘤各1例肿瘤样病变20例，其中骨囊肿和骨纤维异常增症各9例，嗜酸性肉芽肿2例。84例中发生于粗隆下区29例，其中良性9例，恶性12例，肿瘤样病变8例；粗隆区32例，其中良性13例，恶性12例，肿瘤样病变7例；粗隆至头部均受累14例，其中良性5例，恶性6例，肿瘤样病变3例；颈部6例，其中良性2例，恶性3例，肿瘤样病变1例；头部3例，其中良性2例，肿瘤样病变1例。结论：股骨上端以转移瘤、骨囊肿、骨纤维异常增殖症、骨脂肪瘤和软骨肉瘤多见。良恶性肿瘤和肿瘤样病变均好发于粗隆区和粗隆下区。     

骨肿瘤X线平片分析方法

原发骨肿瘤发病率低，美国肿瘤协会统计数字表明1986年美国新诊断的肿瘤病人约93万，其中消化系统占247300例，生殖泌尿系统占230400例，呼吸系统占164500例，乳腺占123900例，而原发骨肿瘤仅有2000例(1／465)。骨肿瘤来源复杂，种类繁多，且肿瘤本身成分多样化(如骨肉瘤有成骨、成软骨和成纤维成分)，同一肿瘤X线表现的多样性(如骨肉瘤有成骨型、溶骨型和混合型)和多种肿瘤X线表现的同一性(如动脉瘤样骨囊肿与巨细胞瘤X线表现相似)，使骨肿瘤X线诊断成为放射科和骨科医生面临的难题。     

微波综合治疗骨肿瘤26例

术中骨肿瘤切除后，立即采用微波对下肢残留骨肿瘤２６例进行透热治疗，其中骨肉瘤１５例、皮质旁骨肉瘤４例、软骨肉瘤３例、平滑肌肉瘤２例、骨巨细胞瘤２例。按Ｅｎｎｅｋｉｎｇ分期：Ⅱｂ１８例、Ⅱａ６例、Ⅲｂ２例。微波透热术中温度肿瘤表面５０～６０℃，髓腔内６０～６５℃，周围正常组织温度＜４５℃。结果：２６例随诊４～１８０个月，平均５７个月。２、５、１０年生存率分别为８２％、７０％、５５％。     

口腔的滤泡性树突细胞瘤

口腔的滤泡性树突细胞瘤（英）ＣｈｅｎＪＫＣ…ＡｍＪＳｕｒｇＰａｔｈｏｌ．－１９９４，１８（２）．－１４８～１９４报告２例发生在口腔的滤泡性树突细胞瘤（Ｆｏｌｌｉｃｕｌａｒｄｅｎｄｒｉｔｉｃｃｅｌｌｔｕｍｏｒｓ），１例在软腭，１例在扁桃体。镜下特点为：...     

肾上腺内外神经节细胞瘤声像图探讨(附8例病例报告)

目的：试图探寻肾上内外腹膜后神经节细胞瘤声像图规律，为临床提供诊断依据。方法：观察整理８例神经节细胞瘤声像图表现，对照手术、病理进行分析。结果：本组肿瘤形态规则、包膜完整、边界清晰。瘤体大小为２．５ｃｍ×１．５ｃｍ×１．３ｃｍ～２０ｃｍ×１５ｃｍ×１３ｃｍ，重１．６ｇ～３１２ｇ。内部回声：２例为等回声，６例为实质不均质回声，后者以暗淡的低回声占优势。结论：在声像图上神经节细胞瘤为非特异性表现。     

骶骨肿瘤的护理进展

骶骨是脊柱肿瘤较常见的发生部位,其中良性骶骨肿瘤以神经源性肿瘤、巨细胞瘤、神经根性囊肿等为主,占骨肿瘤发病率的1.16%;恶性骶骨肿瘤以骨肉瘤、软骨肉瘤、骨髓瘤和Ewing肉瘤为主,占骨肿瘤发病率的3.92%[1,2].骶骨肿瘤病理类别繁多,以脊索瘤和骨巨细胞瘤最为常见[3].由于肿瘤     

超声诊断夏-科氏关节病一例报告

患者女，４３岁，右肘部无痛性肿块５年，近一年肘关节活动受限。查体：右肘关节内、外侧各触及约４．０ｃｍ×３．０ｃｍ肿块，无触痛，质软，边界清。疑软组织肿瘤，并需除外骨肿瘤，行Ｂ超及肘部Ｘ线检查。超声所见（ＳＳＡ－２７０Ａ彩超仪，探头频率７．５ＭＨｚ）：...     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.