首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
BACKGROUND: Self-tonometry, a supplementary measurement of the intraocular pressure in ophthalmology by glaucoma patients using an automatic tonometer, will become more and more important in the future. As long as the self-tonometry has to work in the contact modus with the ocular surface, home application of a topical anaesthetic by the glaucoma patient will be a requirement for a successful measurement. So far no severe problems within this controlled self-medication have been seen. Nevertheless, public health authorities believe patient health is put at high risk by the application of local anaesthetics during self-tonometry. As there are no clinical studies of the health care, we evaluated the local tolerability of a topical anaesthetic in line with self-tonometry employing a modified tonometer OCUTON S. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 100 glaucoma patients participated in a prospective clinical study of the routine clinical service in which each was monitored for 1 year. The telemonitoring involved self-tonometry for at least 6 months in every case and Ocuton S Proparakain-POS 0.5% eyedrops (proxymetacaine-HCl) were applied by the probands before every measurement of the intraocular pressure with a modified self-tonometer. Information regarding the local tolerability of the topical anaesthetic was analysed using a standardised questionnaire. The intensity of the following subjective symptoms was listed in separate visual analogue scales for: lacrimation, burning, foreign body sensation, mucus aggregation, pruritus and pain. RESULTS: Information from 83 glaucoma patients on local tolerability of proparacaine eyedrops could be analysed. For several reasons no data could be gathered from 17 probands, which were refusal to complete the questionnaire, cancelled participation and, in two test persons, there emerged an allergic reaction (local eyelid redness and swelling) which necessitated a change to a different topical anaesthetic. In all other participants the application was carried out without any significant local or systemic symptoms or side-effects. Immediately after application of the eyedrops 36.1% of the test persons suffered a minor conjunctival hyperaemia which eased off within 1 h in 20.4% of these patients. Of the interviewed glaucoma patients 91.5% judged the single symptoms on the visual analogue scale between zero and medium intensity. The severest effects, according to the subjective evaluation, were felt in symptoms of burning with a score of 94 and lacrimation graded 96. The least intensity was established in the symptom of mucus aggregation where 72.3% rated this symptom in the visual analogue scale between 0 and 10. The other symptoms pruritus, feeling of pressure and foreign body sensation hardly differed in subjective ratings. CONCLUSION: A self-medication with topical anaesthetics on undamaged ocular surfaces for self-tonometry purposes can be performed by glaucoma patients without a high risk potential. However, the application presupposes that routine ophthalmological examinations are carried out according to the ophthalmological associations' recommendations. Therefore, medical care concepts which integrate self-tonometry into routine ophthalmological services and comply with the complex requirements of a modern glaucoma management should be applied more often.  相似文献   

2.
ZusammenfassungHintergrund Eine Beurteilung der Lebensqualität von Patienten in der Augenheilkunde ist nicht nur für Studien und zur Beurteilung neuer Therapien wichtig, sondern gewinnt auch im klinischen Alltag zunehmend für therapeutische Entscheidungen an Bedeutung.Methoden Es steht eine Vielzahl von Instrumenten zur Messung der krankheitsübergreifenden (globalen) Lebensqualität zur Verfügung. Ein bekannter Fragebogen hierzu ist der Short Form 36 (SF 36). In der Augenheilkunde werden zur Bestimmung der auf den Sehvorgang bezogenen (visuellen) Lebensqualität spezifischere Instrumente benötigt. Wir geben einen Überblick der praktischen Bedeutung und klinischen Anwendung von Methoden zur Messung der visuellen Lebensqualität. Einige Fragebögen sind der Visual Function 14 (VF-14) oder der National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ). Diese werden bislang insbesondere bei häufigen ophthalmologischen Erkrankungen wie Katarakt, altersbedingter Makuladegeneration oder Glaukom eingesetzt. Wichtige Studien hierzu wurden bei einer Literaturrecherche in der Medline-Datenbank identifiziert.Ergebnisse Es existiert eine Reihe von Instrumenten zur Messung der visuellen Lebensqualität in der Augenheilkunde. Hohe interne Konsistenz und Validität konnten für viele dieser Instrumente nachgewiesen werden.Schlussfolgerungen Die Evaluierung der visuellen Lebensqualität ist ein wichtiger Parameter zur Beurteilung ophthalmologischer Erkrankungen und deren Therapie. Sie sollte von allen in Praxis und Klinik tätigen Augenärzten in alle individuellen klinischen Überlegungen mit einbezogen werden. Zudem ist sie eine bedeutsame Ergebnisvariable in klinischen und ökonomischen Studien.  相似文献   

3.
Zusammenfassung Es wird auf Ungenauigkeiten der Schielwinkelmessung bei einigen Verfahren der subjektiven Motilitätsprüfung hingewiesen, und dabei auftretende Fehler werden anhand von zwei Beispielen besprochen.Mit 2 Textabbildungen  相似文献   

4.

Background

The image quality of aberration correcting aspherical intraocular lenses (IOLs) depends on the centration in the eye. Aberration correcting IOLs of the second generation are claimed to be more robust to decentration. In this study the image quality of such IOLs was analyzed with decentration values of up to 1?mm.

Materials and methods

In this study two aberration correction IOLs of the second generation were compared in a model eye. The IOLs were decentered for two pupil diameters (3.0 and 4.5?mm) in a range of ±?1?mm relative to the line of sight in 50???m steps and the modulation transfer function was calculated. The results were compared for different spatial frequencies and visual acuities.

Results

The analyzed IOLs are superior to the spherical IOL in a decentration range from ?0.45?mm to 0.60?mm (30?CPD, cycles per degree) for both pupil diameters. Especially for the greater pupil diameter the lenses show tolerance of image quality to lens decentration.

Conclusions

Both IOLs show only a slight decrease in image quality with decentration and the range of tolerable decentration is increased compared to aspherical IOLs of the first generation.  相似文献   

5.
PURPOSE: To date, the increase of visual acuity and morphological parameters have been used to assess the benefit of a surgical intervention. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate changes in patients' visual quality of life due to vitreoretinal surgery for epiretinal membranes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with unilateral epiretinal membrane and good visual acuity of the fellow eye were included. Best corrected visual acuity and visual quality of life assessed by the visual function index (VF-14) were obtained preoperatively and 3 months after pars plana vitrectomy and peeling. RESULTS: Median visual acuity increased from 0.28 to 0.4 postoperatively. Visual quality of life (VF-14 values) rose from 72.8+/-4.7 (SEM) to 83.3+/-2.9 (p<0.05). Analysis revealed that patients with preoperatively low VF-14 values and preoperatively low visual acuity notably profited from surgery. The increase of visual quality of life can be predicted better than increase of visual acuity. Combined cataract surgery had no significant influence. CONCLUSION: In addition to best corrected visual acuity, quality of life measurements are important predictive and outcome parameters to estimate the value of vitreoretinal surgery.  相似文献   

6.
7.

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the retinal hemodynamics and optic disc leakage by fluorescein angiography in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) and to correlate fluorescein angiography findings with the extent and topography of visual field loss.

Methods

A total of 26 patients with acute NAION were included in the study. Fluorescein angiograms were performed by means of a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The extent of early-phase optic disc leakage was assessed using a semiquantitative approach (focal versus diffuse type of leakage). Retinal arteriovenous passage (AVP) times were measured using dye dilution curves and digital image analysis for each hemisphere. The number of defective visual field points (StatPac: p<0.5%, uncorrected deviation plot) were evaluated (30/2 SITA, Humphrey-Zeiss) for the hemifields and different sectors.

Results

In this study of patients with NAION the mean AVP was 1.79?s±0.43 which was not significantly correlated to the number of defective points. Furthermore, AVP was not significantly different in focal versus diffuse optic disc leakage. The number of defective points were not significantly different in focal versus diffuse leakage of the optic disc (p=0.57).

Conclusion

Retinal perfusion is not linked to the type and topography of disc leakage or the extent and topography of visual field damage in NAION. A global circulatory disorder e.g. due to a compartment syndrome of the optic nerve might account for these results.  相似文献   

8.
9.
Background. Intrafamilial variability of the syndrome of night blindness, maculopathy, and enhanced S-cone hypersensitivity was examined. Patients and methods. Siblings with a history of night blindness and reduced visual acuity were examined clinically, psychophysically, electroretinographically (ERG), and electro-oculographically (EOG). Results. The siblings had had night blindness since early childhood and reduced visual acuity since the age of 20 years. Ophthalmoscopy showed degenerative, pigmented changes and subretinal spots, while one sibling had cystic lesions in the fovea. Scotopic ERG showed no rod-driven responses, while large, slow waveforms were detected in response to bright flashes. Photopic ERG induced responses similar in time, amplitude, and configuration to those of the dark-adapted ERG. The b-wave configuration was unchanged in response to chromatic stimuli. However, photopic ERG was more sensitive to blue and white than to red stimuli. The light peak on EOG was reduced. Conclusions. The enhanced S-cone sensitivity syndrome was expressed to a different degree of severity and probably inherited in an autosomal recessive mode. These unusual ERG findings may be due to a depressed rod system and an increased number of S-cone photoreceptors, postreceptoral circuits, and S-cone sensitive ganglion cells.  相似文献   

10.
ZusammenfassungHintergrund Die Messung von Lebensqualität und Patientenzufriedenheit gewinnt bei der Evaluation von Therapiekonzepten an Bedeutung als ergänzendes Effektmaß neben dem objektiven klinischen Outcome. Bei "schnell wirksamen" Interventionen wie der Kataraktchirurgie ist jedoch nicht gesichert, ob die klassischen Erhebungsinstrumente, die vor allem für langsam progredierende und therapierbare Erkrankungen wie das Glaukom konzipiert sind, die Wirkung der Intervention auch hinreichend gut abbilden.Methode Bei 152 konsekutiven Kataraktpatienten wurde neben der Änderung des Visus als objektivem klinischen Effektmaß ein eigens für Kataraktpatienten konzipierter Erhebungsbogen eingesetzt, um die Änderung der Lebensqualität durch den Eingriff sowie die subjektive Zufriedenheit der Patienten mit dem Erfolg des Eingriffes messen zu können. Der Fragebogen mit 80 Einzelinformationen zu Belastbarkeit und Mobilität im Alltag, Zufriedenheit mit der ärztlichen und pflegerischen Betreuung, ophthalmologischen Verbesserungen sowie Komplikationen durch den Eingriff wurde sowohl 1 Tag vor als auch 4 Wochen nach dem Eingriff von den Patienten ausgefüllt.Ergebnis Das Instrument zeigte sich mit einer internen Konsistenz von 82% begrenzt reliabel, die präoperativen Angaben zeigten sich massiv verzerrt. Keine der obigen Dimensionen korrelierte nennenswert mit der absoluten Visusänderung durch den Eingriff (alle Korrelationen im Betrag <0,2). Als signifikante Einflussfaktoren einer abschließend von den Patienten erfragten summarischen Bewertung ihrer Lebensqualität nach dem Eingriff ergaben sich nur deren wiedergewonnene Belastbarkeit (p=0,049) sowie die Zufriedenheit mit der Betreuung in der behandelnden Klinik (p=0,027).Schlussfolgerung Die für Lebensqualität anerkannten Determinanten liefern eine von der Visusänderung als objektivem Effektmaß im Wesentlichen unabhängige Information. Eine globale Bewertung der Patientenzufriedenheit reicht zur subjektiven Bewertung der Therapie durch den Patienten nicht aus, da diese von der persönlichen Wahrnehmung der ärztlichen und pflegerischen Zuwendung dominiert scheint. Ein hinreichend ausführliches Erhebungsinstrument erscheint unumgänglich, eine postoperative Befragung ausreichend.Diese Arbeit wurde präsentiert als Vortrag im Rahmen der 100. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ophthalmologie (DOG), September 2002 in Berlin, sowie als Poster im Rahmen der 47. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik (GMDS), September 2002 in Berlin.Keiner der Autoren dieser Arbeit hat ein finanzielles Interesse an den präsentierten Inhalten oder den darin erwähnten Medizinprodukten.  相似文献   

11.
Hintergrund. Kontrollierte Untersuchungen haben eine hohe Sensitivit?t der Blau-Gelb-Perimetrie in der Frühdiagnostik von Glaukomsch?den belegt. In einer praxisnahen Untersuchung (ohne Korrektur für optische Medien) wird die Reproduzierbarkeit von Blau-Gelb- und konventioneller Perimetrie verglichen.  相似文献   

12.
Age-related macula degeneration (AMD) is accompanied by considerable consequences regarding the psychosocial quality of life. A considerable body of research literature now indicates, for instance, an increased rate of depression and substantial loss of everyday capabilities in AMD patients. However, inter-individual differences are large and part of the explanation lies in differences in the ability to cope with and detach oneself from aims in life. The negative impact of AMD on the qualify of life is associated with a need for psychosocial support, but this need is barely met at present. A series of studies nevertheless supports the view that successful intervention is possible even with very old patients. In this respect the problems at present have less to do with recognition than with application and implementation.  相似文献   

13.
14.
15.
Hintergrund. Die Einatmung von 100% Sauerstoff ist eine nichtinvasive Provokationsmethode, um die Kontraktilit?t von retinalen Arteriolen zu testen. Mit dem Retinal Vessel Analyzer (RVA) wurde an gesunden Probanden eine Normkurve erstellt.  相似文献   

16.
BACKGROUND: In progressive glaucoma there is increasing loss of retinal nerve fibers and therefore decreasing nerve fiber layer thickness. As measurements of capillary blood flow have been reported to depend on nerve fiber layer thickness, this could result in incorrectly high blood flow measurements in patients with advanced glaucoma. METHODS: In 33 healthy controls and 59 glaucoma patients we measured retinal nerve fiber layer thickness by laser polarimetry and relative capillary blood flow by scanning laser doppler flowmetry three times on the nasal and temporal peripapillary retina. For statistical analysis a regression analysis was used. RESULTS: The correlation coefficients for volume, velocity, and flow with nerve fiber layer thickness at the same location were 0.02/-0.03/-0.02 in the temporal retina and -0.22/-0.07/-0.19 in the nasal retina (all correlations nonsignificant). CONCLUSION: No correlation was found between nerve fiber layer thickness and capillary blood flow. Measurement of capillary blood flow in glaucoma patients thus does not appear to be affected by decreasing nerve fiber layer thickness.  相似文献   

17.
18.
The aim of diurnal pressure profiles is clarification of therapy safety and the diagnosis of glaucoma. The evaluation of intraocular pressure curves is part of the running assessment. In order to support this evaluation software has been developed which, in addition to the digital presentation of intraocular pressure curves corrected for corneal thickness also allows immediate statistical assessment. After specifying a target pressure it also allows deduction of possible therapy recommendations based on the resulting intraocular pressure values, the cup/disc ratio and the number of antiglaucoma agents given. In this study two collectives were investigated: in the first collective, in addition to the previously determined diagnoses, the intraocular pressure, number and time of measurements, predetermined target pressure, cup/disc ratio and corneal thickness-dependent correction values were evaluated. After completing a scoring system with respect to agreement of the clinical therapy suggestions with those suggestions calculated by the software, the second collective was compared after termination of the diurnal pressure profile. Concordance was found in 73 out of 88 eyes. The digital collation system for profile measurement was found to be very well suited for graphical and clinical documentation of diurnal pressure profile curves. Therapy decisions can be deduced from the available data and supported by the software.  相似文献   

19.
Biologics are increasingly being used in the treatment of non-infectious sight-threatening uveitis. While the advantages of biologics, such as avoidance of glucocorticoid side-effects or rapid control of intraocular inflammation therapy refractive to corticosteroids, cannot be dismissed the treating ophthalmologist should be aware of the specific risks. Biologics increase the risk for severe and atypical infections, lymphomas and other malignancies. Treatment should only be initiated when profound knowledge about indications, management and monitoring of treatment with biologics is readily available. Weighing up the risks versus the benefits should be made on an individual basis and guide patient consultation.  相似文献   

20.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号