高渗葡萄糖处理后脱水红细胞膜Na^＋—K^＋—ATP酶的变化

目的体外观测高渗葡萄糖处理后脱水红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶的变化.方法对全血与50%葡萄糖(50%GS)溶液混合前后红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶的变化,以及脱水红细胞于等渗条件下其Na+-K+-ATP酶的恢复情况进行了测定.结果(1)全血与50%GS溶液混合后其脱水红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性比混合前显著降低(0.307μmol/mg.h-1±0.073μmol/rmg.h-1vs.0.396μmol/mg.h-1±0.104μmol/mg.h-1,P＜0.05).(2)等渗条件下脱水红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶的活性由异常逐步恢复至正常(即刻0.349μrrol/mg.h-1±0.0817μmol/mg.h-1;2h0.355μmol/mgh-1±0.0946μmol/m]g.h-1,4h038μmol/mg.h-1±0.0877μmol/mg.h-1,P＜0.01).结论高渗葡萄糖处理后脱水红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性显著降低,但其异常变化在等渗条件下是可逆的.     

红细胞包蔽小分子物质过程中高渗葡萄糖的脱水效果及其变形性变化

依据红细胞(RBC)的脱水效果 ,研究RBC包蔽小分子物质过程中全血与50%葡萄糖(GS)溶液混合的最佳比例 ,以及脱水RBC置于等渗溶液中变形能力的恢复情况。方法(1)测定全血与50%GS溶液不同容量比混合后的红细胞压积(HCT) ;(2)观测脱水RBC置于生理盐水中变形能力的变化。结果(1)全血与50%GS溶液按不同容量比混合后置于生理盐水的HCT均显著降低 ;混合30min和60min标本HCT的降低均以全血与50 %GS溶液容量比为2ml:1ml混合时的降低程度最大 ;(2)脱水30min的RBC置于生理盐水后其变形性2h左右即恢复正常 ,脱水60minRBC的变形性至8h仍未恢复。结论RBC包蔽小分子物质时 ,全血与50%GS溶液的容量比以2:1混合时RBC的脱水效果最好 ;脱水时间控制在30min左右时 ,脱水RBC于生理条件下其变形性2h左右即恢复正常     

急性脑梗塞患者血红细胞膜Na~ -K~ ATP酶活力和膜脂质过氧化的研究

本文采用红细胞溶血细胞膜Na －K ATP酶活力孔雀绿比色分析法和膜脂质过氧化测定法检测了22例急性脑梗塞患者红细胞膜Na －K ATP酶活力与膜脂质过氧化值。结果显示，急性脑梗塞患者红细胞膜Ng －K ATP酶活力和腹脂质过氧化值分别为0．11±0.082μM·pi／mg蛋白·小时和0．056±0.021μM硫代巴比土酸反应物／mg蛋白。与对照组相比，急性脑梗塞患者血红细胞膜Na －K 1ATP酶活力明显降低．而膜脂质过氧化值则明显升高，两组p值均＜0．01。提示应注意红细胞膜Na －K ATP酶活力降低和膜脂质过氧化值增高对急性脑梗塞发病过程的影响。     

参麦注射液对大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的通过在体实验初步探讨参麦注射液对大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤的防治作用及相关机制.方法通过结扎左冠状动脉前降支10min,松开丝线复灌15min,来复制大鼠急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤的模型.结扎的同时经股静脉缓慢推注参麦注射液,观察参麦注射液对再灌注性心律失常的影响,并测定心肌组织匀浆中MDA的含量、SOD的活力、Na+,K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶的活性.此外,还通过光镜和电镜来观察参麦注射液对再灌后心肌超微结构的影响.结果(1)模型组大鼠再灌注性心律失常的发生率为88.9%,持续时间为(142.8±73.4)s,参麦注射液可以使再灌注性心律失常的发生率降至33.3%,持续时间缩短至(31.7±20.1)s,两组之间有明显差异(P＜0.05).(2)模型组心肌组织匀浆SOD的活力为(27.287±3.449)×103NU/gprotein,参麦注射液治疗后SOD活力升高至(30.791±1.676)×103NU/gprotein,二者之间有显著差异(P＜0.05);模型组MDA的含量为(0.319±0.0515)μmol/gprotein,参麦注射液治疗组为(0.262±0.0472)μmol/gprotein,MDA的含量明显降低(P＜0.05).(3)模型组Na+,K+-ATP酶的活性为(0.3420±0.0391)mmolPi*g-1protein*h-1,参麦注射液治疗后其活性升高至(0.3950±0.0265)mmolPi*g-1protein*h-1,二者之间有显著差异(P＜0.01);模型组Ca2+-ATP酶的活性为(0.3450±0.0438)mmolPi*g-1protein*h-1,参麦注射液治疗组为(0.4270±0.0624)mmolPi*g-1protein*h-1,其活性明显升高(P＜0.01).(4)正常组和假手术组光镜显示心肌细胞排列整齐,横纹清晰,结构正常,电镜显示肌原纤维清晰,排列整齐,线粒体无肿胀,嵴密集,排列规则.模型组光镜显示心肌细胞排列紊乱,横纹不清晰,胞浆嗜酸性变,有明显的空泡变性,间质严重水肿,毛细血管内有红细胞淤积,电镜显示肌原纤维模糊不清,线粒体肿胀明显,嵴稀疏,排列紊乱.经参麦注射液治疗后,光镜显示心肌细胞排列整齐,横纹清晰,形态接近正常,电镜显示肌原纤维清晰,排列基本整齐,线粒体肿胀减轻,嵴排列也较规则.结论参麦注射液能降低再灌注性心律失常的发生率,提高心肌组织中SOD的活力,降低MDA的含量,提高Na+,K+-ATP酶和Ca2+-ATP酶的活性,对缺血再灌注损伤引起的心肌超微结构的损伤有明显的保护作用.参麦注射液防治心肌缺血再灌注损伤的机制与增强机体清除氧自由基的能力,减轻脂质过氧化反应,拮抗自由基的毒性作用,维持离子泵的正常转运,减轻钙超载,从而维持了心肌细胞膜和线粒体的正常功能有关.     

中国南方地区正常人群血清肌酐水平的变化其临床意义

目的： 探讨中国南方地区正常人群各年龄阶段的血清肌酐水平变化,并初步建立酶学检测中国人群血清肌酐的参考范围。方法: 采用酶法检测2 000例不同年龄阶段的健康人群血清肌酐水平,其中男性1 200例,女性800例,年龄从1个月至80岁,通过统计学方法分析各年龄阶段人群的血清肌酐水平。结果: 正常人群的血清肌酐水平随年龄增长而增高,在同一年龄组中,两性之间的血清肌酐水平存在显著差异。10岁以下的男女血清肌酐分别为(26.67±7.84、25.20±6.40)μmol/L;11-20岁组分别为(68.26±12.74、54.72±7.78)μmol/L; 21-30岁组分别为(77.74±8.09、57.17±8.18)μmol/L; 31-40岁组分别为(79.35±10.36、55.65±9.07)μmol/L;41-50岁组分别为(81.21±12.86、62.40±10.91)μmol/L;51-60岁组分别为(79.49±11.54、61.11±12.65)μmol/L;61-70岁组分别为(83.87±16.74、60.62±11.47)μmol/L;年龄大于71岁组分别为(96.61±25.26、64.55±12.01)μmol/L。结论: 不同年龄正常人群的血清肌酐水平存在显著的差异;在同一年龄阶段,男女之间也存在显著的差异,在临床诊断中应该建立对应的参考标准。     

地高辛抗血清拮抗内洋地黄素介导的离体大鼠心肌缺氧复氧损伤的实验研究

目的：研究内洋地黄素在离体大鼠心脏缺氧复氧损伤中的变化，观察内洋地黄素特异性拮抗剂地高辛抗血清对大鼠心脏缺氧复氧损伤（A-RI）的拮抗作用。 方法： 制备离体大鼠心脏A-RI模型，60只SD 大鼠随机分为6组，每组10只。正常对照组：给予富氧K-H液灌流，流量10 mL·min-1，持续灌流90 min；A-RI组：富氧K-H液灌流30 min后，予以乏氧K-H液低流量（1-2 mL·min-1）灌流30 min，再给予富氧K-H液复灌30 min；维拉帕米组、小剂量、中剂量、大剂量地高辛抗血清组：于复氧前分别向灌流液中加入维拉帕米5 μg·kg-1、地高辛抗血清3.3 mg·kg-1、10 mg·kg-1、30 mg·kg-1，复氧灌流前灌注完，其余同A-RI组。各组于复氧灌流结束时，制备心肌匀浆，测定心肌匀浆中内洋地黄素含量、细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性以及线粒体总Ca2+水平，并观察心肌超微结构的变化。 结果： A-RI组心肌组织内洋地黄素水平明显高于正常对照组［（1.04±0.42）ng·g-1与（0.63±0.09）ng·g-1，P<0.01］，细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性明显低于正常对照组［（2.85±1.00) mmol·g-1Pr·h-1与（4.24±1.19)mmol·g-1Pr·h-1，P<0.01］，线粒体总Ca2+水平显著高于正常对照组［（0.368±0.113) μmol·g-1Pr·h-1与（0.130±0.004) μmol·g-1Pr·h-1，P<0.01］，心肌组织结构发生明显破坏。中、大剂量地高辛抗血清组心肌组织内洋地黄素水平显著低于A-RI组［（0.55±0.24)ng·g-1，(0.68±0.26) ng·g-1］，心肌组织Na+-K+-ATP酶活性显著高于A-RI组［（4.88±1.51)mmol·g-1Pr·h-1，（3.85±1.15)mmol·g-1Pr·h-1），心肌线粒体内总Ca2+含量显著低于A-RI组［（0.127±0.026)nmol·g-1Pr·h-1，（0.156±0.050)μmol·g-1Pr·h-1］，显著减轻A-RI导致的心肌组织结构的损伤。 结论： 地高辛抗血清对A-RI心肌有明显的保护作用，其作用机制可能通过拮抗内洋地黄素，恢复心肌细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性，减轻细胞内钙超载。     

八肽胆囊收缩素改善内毒素休克大鼠心肌损伤的实验研究

目的观察八肽胆囊收缩素(CCK-8)改善内毒素休克(ES)大鼠心肌损伤的变化,探讨CCK-8逆转ES心功能衰竭及顽固性低血压的作用机制.方法实验分4组(1)对照组,静脉注射生理盐水0.2mL;(2)LPS组,静脉注射8mg*kg-1LPS;(3)CCK组,静脉注射40μg*kg-1CCK-8;(4)CCK+LPS组,静脉注射40μg*kg-1CCK-8,10min后再注入LPS(8mg*kg-1).股动脉插管监测平均动脉压(MAP),尾静脉穿刺注射药物.分别测定2h、6h心肌组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和一氧化氮(NO)含量变化,用ELISA法测定肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)含量.结果(1)MAP变化对照组MAP为(14.20±1.38)kPa,静脉注射LPS后MAP快速持续下降,75min降至低谷为(7.16±0.59)kPa;CCK+LPS在CCK注入20min时MAP下降幅度与LPS组无差异,20min后即迅速回升,至120min仍持续在较高水平(10.71±0.45)kPa,仍未恢复至正常水平.(2)SOD活性变化2h、6h对照组SOD为(60.51±2.23)×103U/L和(55.97±4.96)×103U/L,LPS组心肌组织匀浆中SOD活性则明显下降为(48.69±2.30)×103U/L和(34.49±4.69)×103U/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组SOD活性则明显回升为(56.19±1.83)×103U/L和(41.95±7.44)×103U/L.(3)MDA含量变化2h、6h对照组MDA为(3.43±1.76)μmol/L和(3.68±1.58)μmol/L,LPS组心肌组织匀浆中MDA含量明显上升(19.71±3.02)μmol/L和(36.18±5.26)μmol/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组MDA含量显著下降为(0.39±2.43)μmol/L和(15.10±2.12)μmol/L.(4)NO含量变化2h、6h对照组NO为(37.96±1.85)mmol/L和(41.98±6.59)mmol/L,LPS组心肌组织匀浆中NO含量明显上升(73.45±8.93)mmol/L和(105.4±3.61)mmol/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组NO含量显著下降为(60.91±3.15)mmol/L和(70.37±7.68)mmol/L.(5)TNF-α含量变化2h对照组心肌组织匀浆中为(320.81±110.63)ng/L,LPS组TNF-α含量明显上升为(1599.08±227.03)ng/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组TNF-α含量显著下降为(863.54±123.19)ng/L.(6)IL-1β含量变化6h对照组心肌组织匀浆中为(163.10±80.20)ng/L,LPS组IL-1β含量明显上升为(620.66±144.57)ng/L,CCK+LPS组较LPS组IL-1β含量显著下降为(282.07±92.68)ng/L.结论预先注射CCK-8可以减轻ES大鼠心肌氧化损伤,抑制炎性细胞因子TNF-α及IL-1β产生,影响NOS活性,使NO合成下降,发挥心肌细胞保护作用,恢复心肌收缩力,是其逆转ES心功能衰竭及顽固性低血压的主要机制.     

P-糖蛋白单克隆抗体改善MRL/lpr狼疮鼠肾脏病变的研究

目的 探讨P-糖蛋白(P-glyeoprotein,P-gp)单克隆抗体(UIC2)在改善MRL/lpr狼疮鼠肾脏病变中的作用.方法 24只14周龄雌性MRl/lpr狼疮鼠分为3组:P-gp单克隆抗体1次治疗组(G1)、P-gp单克隆抗体3次治疗组(G2)、对照组(G0).观察体重;采用考马斯亮蓝法检测24 h尿蛋白定量;采用酶联免疫吸附法试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测抗双链DNA(dsDNA)抗体水平;采用酶法检测血清肌酐水平;采用苏木素-伊红染色、免疫荧光和电镜观察肾脏病理改变.结果 ①22周时G1组和G2组体重高于G0组(P<0.05).② 24 h尿蛋白定量22周时Gl组[(1.9±1.1)mg]和G2组[(1.4±0.9)mg]低于G0组[(3.1±1.9)mg](P<0.05);26周时G1组[(2.4±1.4)mg]和G2组[(1.8±1.1)mg]低于G0组[(5.3±2.2)mg](P<0.05).③26周时血清肌酐G1组[(7.0±2.9)μmol/L]和G2组[(6.1±2.5)μmol/L]低于G0组[(12.7±1.3)umol/L](P<0.05).④19周时,抗dsDNA抗体滴度G1组[(43±19)×102 U/mL]和G2组[(45±32)×102 U/mL]低于G0组[(87±39)×102 U/mL](P<0.05);26周时G2组[(35±11)×102 U/mL]低于G0组[(59±35)×102 U/mL].⑤肾小球新月体形成率G1组(0.11±0.05)和G2组(0.09土0.01)低于G0组(0.23±0.07),G2组较Gl组减低(P均<0.05).结论 P-gp单克隆抗体可改善MRl/lpr狼疮鼠肾脏病变的进展,减少尿蛋白、降低血清肌酐,对狼疮肾炎有显著疗效.     

增强自噬减轻大鼠造影剂所致急性肾损伤的实验研究

目的 建立造影剂所致急性肾损伤(CI-AKI)大鼠模型,探讨自噬在CI-AKI中的作用及机制.方法 将18只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为对照组(Con组)、CI-AKI组和雷帕霉素+造影剂组(Rapa组).CI-AKI组腹腔注射超大剂量的碘海醇(12.25 g/kg I),Rapa组于碘海醇注射前1周连续腹腔注射雷帕霉素(5 mg/(kg·d)),Con组腹腔注射等剂量的生理盐水.注射后24 h观察大鼠血肌酐水平、肾组织病理、肾组织中LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ和Beclin-1表达水平及过氧化氢酶(CAT)含量的变化.结果 与Con组比较,CI-AKI组大鼠血肌酐水平明显升高((239.93±27.00) μmol/L比(51.70±10.59)μmol/L,P＜0.05),肾小管重度损伤,肾组织中自噬相关蛋白LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ和Beclin-1表达均增加(均P＜0.05),而CAT含量减少((14.86±0.32)U/mg比(18.72±1.46)U/mg),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).与CI-AKI组比较,雷帕霉素预处理增加了肾组织中LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ和Beclin-1的表达及CAT含量((17.62±1.86)U/mg比(14.86±0.32)U/mg,P＜0.05),减轻了造影剂所致的肾小管损伤,并降低了血肌酐水平((187.62±47.76) μmol/L比(239.93±27.00) μmol/L),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 造影剂可诱导自噬激活,增强自噬可减轻造影剂所致氧化应激损伤及肾损伤.     

不同光照时间对新生儿高胆红素血症的疗效观察

目的通过对不同光照时间对同一高胆红素血症患儿的疗效观察,探讨光疗时间长短对高胆红素血症疗效的影响及预后分析。方法我院产科2006年6月1日~2006年10月10日分娩的明确诊断为新生儿高胆红素血症的正常足月新生儿100例,(不包括糖尿病母亲婴儿、母有妊高征、窒息等患儿)以随机分组方式决定此患儿第一次蓝光治疗时间为12h或16h,光疗后出蓝光箱观察,入室24h后行第二次光疗,如第一次光疗为12h,第二次改为16h,如第一次光疗为16h,第二次改为12h,分别于入室时、入室24h时、入室48h时查微量血清总胆红素。12h光疗及16h光疗血清总胆红素下降幅度,分别为51.3±15.90μmol/l,(相当于3.00±0.93mg/dl),93.20±35.40(相当于5.45±2.07mg/dl),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。分析预后:血清总胆红素≥290.7μmol/l(17mg/dl)的患儿脑电图异常的发生率较血清总胆红素<290.7μmol/l(17mg/dl)的发生率高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)结论蓝光治疗16h对同一高胆红素血症患儿疗效好于12h。说明微量血清总胆红素≥290.7μmol/l(17mg/dl)时应注意有无胆红素性脑病的发生,建议注意随访。     

Marked changes in red cell volume response to isotonic glucose solution during storage

The changes of erythrocyte-volume caused by isotonic hexose solutions, glucose and galactose, during storage were studied. Blood was stored for 13 weeks at 4 degrees C. The determinations were carried out using a newly developed blood cell volume analyzer which can measure the continuous changes in cell volume. The erythrocyte volume gradually increased and reached a plateau after 13 weeks of storage. The percent volume increase in hexose solutions markedly decreased during the first 4 weeks of storage. These changes may have been due to denaturation of the membrane protein responsible for hexose permeation during storage.     

Peripheral effects of thyroid hormones: Alteration of intracellular Na-concentration,ouabain-sensitive Na-transport,and Na-Li countertransport in human red blood cells

Summary To investigate the effect of thyroid hormones on erythrocyte cation transport systems and intracellular electrolyte content we have measured the activity of Na-K ATPase, Na-Li countertransport, as well as red cell sodium and potassium contents in patients with hyperthyroidism and in euthyroid controls. Intracellular Na- and K-concentrations were determined in erythrocytes washed three times in isotonic MgCl₂ solution. Ouabain-sensitive Na-transport was estimated as the increase of Na before and after addition of ouabain in an erythrocyte suspension in isotonic Na-free medium. Na-Li countertransport was measured according to the method described by Canessa et al. [2]. The patients with hyperthyroidism exhibited a significantly elevated intracellular sodium content as well as a highly increased Na-K ATPase activity. Intracellular potassium content was not altered in the hyperthyroid subjects, but Na-Li countertransport was markedly decreased as compared to the controls.The results indicate that different ion transport systems of the erythrocyte membrane are influenced by thyroid hormones. We suggest that the elevation of Na-K ATPase activity might be due to the increased intracellular sodium concentration which is caused by the diminished countertransport pathway. Furthermore, the activity of Na-K ATPase, Na-Li countertransport, and intracellular sodium content in erythrocytes might be a useful peripheral indicator of thyroid hormone excess.Supported by the Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie (MMT 27)     

The effect of intracerebroventricular hypertonic infusion on sodium appetite in rats after peritoneal dialysis

Sixty minute peritoneal dialysis (PD) against isotonic glucose decreased sodium concentration [Na+] in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to 14% and 7% of their initial values, respectively. About 3 to 4 hours after PD, [Na+] began to increase slowly, reaching the initial level 24 hr afterwards. Central restoration of Na+ was made by infusing isotonic or hypertonic fluid into the 3rd brain ventricle (3BV) of rats at different times after dialysis. Continuous infusion (1 microliter/hr) of artCSF, 150 mM Na+, from -1 to 24 hr after PD decreased sodium intake as compared with uninfused control or control receiving Na+-free infusate or distilled water. Hypertonic central sodium infusions (1 microliter/hr) administered from -1 to 8 hr after PD, did not modify sodium intake; however an infusion made from 8 to 24 hr or from 16 to 24 hr post-dialysis decreased sodium intake by 38% and 67%, respectively. The volumes of sodium ingested were compared with those of the same animal infused with CSF 150 mM Na+. The results suggest that the fall in CSF [Na+] after sodium depletion by itself does not seem to be a critical factor in the onset of specific sodium appetite.     

不同晶体液对胃肠道手术婴儿电解质、血糖的影响

目的 比较生理盐水、2.5%葡萄糖生理盐水及复方电解质液对婴儿胃肠道手术电解质、血糖的影响,探讨婴儿的胃肠道手术输入何种液体更为合适。方法 选择我院行胃肠道手术的婴儿60例,随机分为等张的生理盐水组（C组）,1/2张2.5%葡萄糖生理盐水组（G组）及等张的复方电解质液组（F组）3组,每组20例。手术期间各组患儿的输液按各实验分组的方案进行。各组患儿均于静脉输液前（T0）、静脉输液30 min（T1）、静脉输液60 min（T2）、静脉输液90 min（T3）及静脉输液120 min（T4）时记录HR及MAP的变化;并在上述各时间点抽取桡动脉血测血Na+、Cl-、K+、Glu;术后2 h（T5）再抽血测定一次Glu（术后2 h内仍输注围术期的同种液体）。结果 与T0时比较,T3、T4时G组Na+、K+值降低（P＜0.05）;T4时G组Cl-值降低（P＜0.05）;T2、T3、T4时C组Cl-值升高（P＜0.05）;T2、T3、T4时C组与F组的Glu值升高（P＜0.05）;T5时C组与F组的Glu值降低（P＜0.05）;而T1、T2、T3、T4、T5时G组的Glu值持续升高（P＜0.05）。与C组比较,T2、T3、T4时G组Na+值、G组和F组Cl-值低于C组（P＜0.05）;T3、T4时G组K+值低于C组（P＜0.05）。与G组比较,T3、T4时F组Na+、K+值高于G组（P＜0.05）;T4时F组Cl-值高于G组（P＜0.05）。T2、T3、T4、T5时C组、F组的Glu值低于G组（P＜0.05）。结论 在婴儿的胃肠道手术中输注复方电解质液更为理想。     

窒息新生儿脐血D-二聚体水平和红细胞膜Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性变化

目的:分析窒息新生儿脐血pH、D-二聚体水平及红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性变化。方法 :选择临产过程出现急性胎儿窘迫孕妇40例,其剖宫娩出新生儿以1min Apgar评分确定为正常者20例(窘迫组),出现窒息者20例(窒息组);另选无急性胎儿窘迫、同样剖宫娩出的正常新生儿20例作为对照组。取各组脐动脉血,血气分析仪检测pH值,免疫比浊法检测D-二聚体水平,定磷法检测红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性。比较各组上述指标的差异。结果:方差分析显示,各组脐动脉血pH值、D-二聚体水平和红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP活性差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。窒息组脐动脉血pH值明显低于对照组和窘迫组(P均0.05),D-二聚体水平显著高于对照组和窘迫组(P均0.05),红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性显著低于对照组与窘迫组(P均0.05);窘迫组pH值和红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATP酶活性显著低于对照组(P均0.05)。结论 :窒息新生儿纤溶和红细胞膜泵功能检测结果,可为新生儿窒息治疗措施的选择提供实验依据。     

DM2肾病患者血清leptin水平与红细胞ATP酶活性的关系

目的：探讨了2型糖尿病（DM2）肾病患者血清瘦素（leptin）水平与红细胞膜Na＋K＋-ATP酶和Ca2＋Mg2＋-ATP酶活性改变参与DM2肾病发生的可能机制。方法：应用放射免疫分析和Reilni制膜法测定了40例DM2无肾病和32例DM2肾病患者血清leptin水平和红细胞膜Na＋K＋-ATP酶和Ca＋2Mg＋2-ATP酶含量,并与35名正常健康人作比较。结果：DM2无肾病组和肾病组血清leptin水平非常显著地高于正常人组（P〈0.01）和红细胞膜Na＋K＋-ATP酶和Ca2＋Mg2＋-ATP酶水平显著地低于正常人组（P〈0.01）。DM2肾病组与无肾病组亦有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：DM2的发生、发展与血清leptin水平和红细胞膜Na＋K＋-ATP酶和Ca2＋Mg2＋-ATP酶的活性有密切的关系。     

高速投射物伤伤后血液流变性的变化特点及意义

探讨压力波对血液流变性的影响。方法：将实验犬２４只随机分为二组：一组以５．５６ｍｍ军用弹致伤犬的双后肢;另一组伤前暂时结扎犬双后肢股动静脉,以阻断致伤时压力波传播,伤后立即去除结扎。二组伤前、伤后０．５、２、６和１０ｈ分别采静脉血,用锥板粘度法测全血粘度并计算红细胞压积、红细胞变形指数和红细胞聚集指数。结果：伤后二组动物全血低切粘度（３．８４Ｓ－１）、红细胞压积、红细胞聚集指数较伤前明显升高;伤后６ｈ内红细胞变形指数较伤前明显下降。结扎组变化程度明显小手致伤组。结论：高速投射物伤时,血液流变性发生了明显变化,可能与致伤时压力波沿血管传播有关。     

The effect of saline and hyperoncotic dextran infusion on canine ileal salt and water absorption and regional blood flow.

1. The unidirectional Na and H2O fluxes, vascular pressures and total and absorptive site blood flows in the canine ileum were determined before and during I.V. saline infusion and subsequent I.V. infusion of hyperoncotic dextran. The intestinal perfusion solutions were isotonic saline or isotonic saline and mannitol, but the effects of I.V. saline or I.V. hyperoncotic dextran infusion were generally the same for both luminal solutions. 2. Continuous I.V. infusion of saline caused a continuous increase in the unidirectional flux of Na and H2O into the ileal lumen, an increase in total blood flow, and an increase in venous pressure. 3. The net absorption of Na and H2O was decreased by I.V. saline infusion. 4. The unidirectional fluxes of Na and H2O out of the lumen, arterial pressure, and absorptive site blood flow were not affected by I.V. saline infusion. 5. I.V. hyperoncotic dextran infusion reversed most of the effects of saline infusion. 6. The unidirectional fluxes of Na and H2O into the lumen were significantly correlated with Starling forces during I.V. saline infusion. 7. It was concluded that intestinal transport of salt and water was subject to regulation by physical forces at the capillary level.     

Activation of the electrogenic sodium pump in guinea-pig auricles by internal sodium ions

1. The effect of various intracellular Na concentrations ([Na](i)) on the membrane potential after hypothermia was studied in guinea-pig auricles.2. For varying [Na](i), the atria were cooled for 4 hr at 4-6 degrees C in a K-poor solution with different concentrations of NaCl. The auricles were rewarmed in normal Tyrode solution at 35 degrees C.3. Extracellular space (ECS), intracellular Na and K concentrations ([Na](i) and [K](i)) and membrane potential of the atria were measured before and after hypothermia.4. The ECS, measured as inulin space, amounted to 350 ml./kg wet wt. at 35 degrees C and to 300 ml./kg wet wt. at 4-6 degrees C.5. [K](i) decreased during cooling and increased during rewarming the auricles. [Na](i) increased during hypothermia in bathing fluids containing NaCl, but decreased in NaCl- and Na-free solutions. At the beginning of rewarming a net Na transport occurred from cells with high [Na](i), while a net Na uptake took place in atria with low [Na](i).6. At the same time, the membrane potential of auricles with increased [Na](i) hyperpolarized beyond the steady-state value recorded at the end of rewarming, or even beyond the calculated K(+) equilibrium potential (E(K)). Afterwards, the hyperpolarization levelled off, while the E(K) values increased further. The membrane potential of atria with decreased [Na](i) showed no transitory hyperpolarization during rewarming.7. The hyperpolarization beyond the steady-state value of membrane potential in rewarmed auricles was significantly correlated to the active Na efflux.8. From these results it is concluded that the membrane potential of guinea-pig atria after hypothermia is affected by an active, electrogenic Na pump activated by intracellular Na ions.     

Potassium efflux: a simple method to determine intactness of erythrocytes

This article describes a simpler approach to checking the integrity of erythrocyte membrane and internal milieu of the human erythrocyte. Potassium (K+) and hemoglobin (Hb) effluxes were studied in erythrocytes incubated with buffer G (pH 7.4) at varying time intervals and temperatures. Potassium in the supernatant was measured by direct ion selective electrode method and Hb by cell counter following incubation for 0 to 3 hours at 4 degrees to 55 degrees C. Basal adenosine triphosphate levels were also determined during varying time intervals at 37 degrees, 50 degrees, and 55 degrees C. At 4 degrees, 25 degrees, and 37 degrees C, insignificant (P greater than .05) amounts of K+ and Hb were released; amounts were significantly higher (P less than .0005) after 2 hours of incubation at 45 degrees for K+ and 50 degrees C for Hb. After 30 minutes at 55 degrees C, maximum K+ and Hb concentrations were found in the supernatant; concentrations remained the same up to 3 hours. Basal levels of adenosine triphosphate in the erythrocytes decreased significantly with time at higher temperatures. We conclude that K+ efflux, being more sensitive than Hb and more erythrocyte concentration-dependent, can be used as an effective method to confirm the intactness or viability of red blood cells.