人格因素对正颌患者术后满意度的影响

目的：探讨人格因素对正颌患者术后满意度的影响，为临床治疗提供科学的理论依据。方法：采用16PF、EPQ人格问卷和正颌患者术后满意度问卷对30例正颌患者进行调查分析。结果：16PF人格问卷中，稳定性、感情与机警两因子标准得分与满意度总分之间呈正相关(r=0．375～0．462)，敏感性因子标准得分与满意度总分之间呈负相关(r=-0．379)。EPQ人格问卷中，P量表的标准得分与满意度总分之间呈负相关(r=-0．402)。结论：情绪稳定、自控倾向强的正颌患者较情绪不稳定者易于满意手术结果。     

艾滋病患者并发外科疾病的诊断和处理

目的 探讨艾滋病(AIDS)患者合并外科疾病手术治疗的安全性。方法 回顾性分析40例AIDS合并外科疾病的临床资料和处理方法。结果 AIDS合并外科疾患患者中l9例经手术治疗后不同程度地好转和治愈。结论 AIDS合并外科疾病时及时的手术治疗对患者是安全和有益的。     

Do surgeons need to look after unwell patients? The role of medical emergency teams

BACKGROUND: Medical emergency teams (MET) have been shown to reduce in-hospital morbidity and mortality of surgical patients. The present study reviews the experience with the use of MET in the care of critically unwell surgical patients. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected on all patients in a general surgical unit of a tertiary referral centre meeting the criteria for activating a MET over a 6 month period. These data were retrospectively analysed with respect to surgical team and MET involvement in the care of these patients. RESULTS: Over the 6 month study period, 22 patients qualified for a MET response based on criteria of physiological instability. A MET was activated for 13 of these patients (59%), with the remainder being managed by direct consultation with intensive care and medical staff. Forty-six per cent of MET activations were outside of normal working hours. Respiratory distress including tachypnoea and desaturation was the most commonly identified physiological abnormality (13 patients), accounting for 62% of MET activations. A MET was activated by a surgical registrar in 46% of cases. Seventy-seven per cent of MET activations were preceded by at least one registrar level assessment without resolution of the patient's clinical deterioration. The most common MET interventions were supplementation of oxygen therapy and initiation of pharmacotherapy (11 patients). The surgical team complemented the MET response by providing detailed information regarding the patient's surgical condition, premorbid status (13 patients), organized transfer to the operating theatre (three patients), initiated blood transfusions (two patients) and deciding to order abdominal computed tomography (two patients). Urgent surgical decision making was required in 23% of MET activations. CONCLUSIONS: Medical emergency team activations for critically unwell surgical patients are complemented by surgical team involvement in the decision making and management process. The MET may be underutilized in the management of unwell surgical patients.     

Surgery for mesenchymal tumours of the mediastinum

Results of treatment of 52 patients with mesenchymal tumours of the mediastinum. Clinical finding is various and nonspecific. Computer tomography and MRT are the most informative diagnostic techniques. Among 52 patients with mesenchymal tumours of the mediastinum, 40 patients were treated surgically and 12 patients got conservative treatment. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were carried out in 7 patients in pre- and postoperative periods. Radical surgical treatment was carried out in 21 patients with benign tumors. Among 19 patients with malignant tumors, 42% of patients got radical surgical treatment, and 58 % of patients got palliative therapy in combination with chemotherapy. Benign tumors have a favorable prognosis after surgical treatment. Major factors of the prognosis of surgical treatment are dissemination and the histologic form of a tumor as well as type of surgical intervention. Re-operation is necessary in case of relapse.     

Mild ductal atypia after large-core needle biopsy of the breast: is surgical excision always necessary?

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to identify a select group of patients with mild atypia who do not need surgical excision after large-core needle biopsy (LCNB) of the breast. METHODS: Nineteen (70%) of 27 patients with ductal atypia found on LCNB had subsequent surgical excision. These 19 patients were retrospectively assigned to 3 groups according to the severity of the atypia found, which was compared with the final pathologic specimen after surgical biopsy. RESULTS: Cancer was identified through surgical biopsy in 6 (32%) of 19 patients. The severity of atypia seen on the LCNB specimen strongly correlated with subsequent cancer identification (P<.01). Two (33%) of 6 patients in group 2 (true atypical ductal hyperplasia [ADH]) and 4 (80%) of 5 patients in group 3 (severe ADH, borderline ductal carcinoma in situ) had cancer after surgical biopsy. No cancer was found after surgical biopsy in 8 patients in group 1 (mild atypia, not meeting criteria for ADH). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that surgical excision can be avoided after LCNB of the breast in patients with only mildly atypical lesions that do not meet criteria for ADH. Patients with true ADH should continue to have surgical excision.     

Surgical fixation of the ribs for flail chest injuries

The record of 20 patients presenting with flail chest injury from 1998 to 2005 was reviewed to determine surgical indication and timing. There were 4 groups with each indication as followed: 1) 8 patients with surgical indication for injury regions other than fractured ribs, 2) 5 without improvement of flail chest after internal pneumatic stabilization for more than 10 days, 3) 4 performed surgical fixation positively for flail chest with respiratory failure, 4) 3 with strong deformation of the thorax without respiratory failure. Eight patients (40%) required artificial respiration for more than 6 days after surgical stabilization. The reasons of prolonged artificial respiration included unconsciousness in 4 patients, pneumonia in 2, and others in 2. In the group consisting of 8 patients taking more than 6 days to be extubated after surgical fixation, the injury severity score (ISS) was significantly higher (p = 0.006) than that of the other group. In patients with no improvement of flail chest after internal pneumatic stabilization for more than 10 days, surgical fixation reduces the period of internal pneumatic stabilization and the risk of pneumonia. For the elderly who can develop complications easily, early indication of surgical fixation should be considered. In patients with unconsciousness or ISS > or = 25, the extubation delays frequently after surgical fixations.     

胸部创伤患者手术救治效果的影响因素研究

目的探讨胸部创伤患者手术救治效果的影响因素。方法对江苏省常熟市第二人民医院2010年1月至2013年4月期间收治的250例胸部创伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，采用Logistic回归分析法评估各因素对胸部创伤患者手术救治疗效的影响情况。结果手术救治后，共20例死亡（8％），经单因素筛选及多因素分析后，年龄〉60岁、格拉斯哥昏迷评分（glasgow coma scale，GCS）〈12、失血性休克、肺部感染、腹腔脏器损伤、多器官功能障碍综合征等是胸部创伤患者手术救治后发生死亡的独立危险因素（P〈0．05）。结论年龄、昏迷程度及严重并发症状与胸部创伤患者手术救治后死亡有关，应有针对性地制定治疗方案，才能保证患者生命安全。     

Patients' perception of surgical training in private hospitals

Introduction: Surgical training is traditionally a public hospital-based practice. At Epworth Private Hospital, Richmond, Victoria, there are three accredited surgical training positions and one fellowship position. We conducted a patient survey to review the patients' perspective of surgical trainees in private hospitals. Methods: Over 6?weeks, 100 patients admitted under the surgical units with full-time surgical registrars were given a survey to complete in two parts on the training of surgeons in private hospitals. Results: Seventy per cent of surveys were returned completed. Ninety per cent of respondents agreed that private hospitals should be involved in surgical training and 85.7% of patients were agreeable to having trainees involved in their operation. Only 1.4% of patients were not in agreement with surgical training in private and 8.6% of patients were neutral in their opinion. Conclusion: Our results clearly show that private hospital patients are generally favourably disposed to the presence and participation of surgical trainees in the private hospital setting.     

Urological intervention in patients with cystinuria is decreased with medical compliance

PURPOSE: Theoretically patients with cystinuria compliant with medical treatment should undergo fewer surgical procedures than those noncompliant with treatment. We describe a single urologist's experience (SYN) with the effects of medical management on the number of surgical interventions required in patients with cystinuria treated at our metabolic stone clinic (MSC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of 20 patients with cystine stones seen at our MSC (mean followup of 42.5 months) were evaluated. The number of surgical interventions (endourology or open surgery) during followup were recorded as surgical events. Patients were placed into a compliant or noncompliant category based on their attendance record at scheduled appointments at our MSC and whether they adhered to the prescribed medical regimen by report. Patients were classified in an active disease category if recent imaging revealed a clinically significant stone burden greater than 3 mm. Statistical analysis of the number of surgical events for stone-free patients compliant with treatment versus noncompliant was conducted (Student's t test). RESULTS: Of the 20 patients 11 were categorized as compliant and 9 as noncompliant. Of the compliant patients the average number of surgical events was 1.0 per patient versus 4.0 in the noncompliant group (p <0.05). Of the 11 compliant patients 8 (73%) were stone-free compared to 3 (33%) in the noncompliant group. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of our patients with cystinuria compliant with treatment underwent a significantly fewer number of surgical procedures per year than those noncompliant with treatment. Active medical management in patients with cystinuria compliant with treatment decreases the incidence of surgical interventions.     

Basic and clinical studies on metastatic cancer--with special reference of multidisciplinary treatment of gastric and colorectal cancer patients with hepatic metastasis

We studied 161 gastric cancer patients with P0, H(+) and 51 colorectal cancer patients with P0, H(+) from among cancer patients of the digestive organs and obtained the following conclusions. The effective treatment for synchronous hepatic metastasis was regarded as the group with surgical removal of the primary lesion plus hepatic resection plus chemotherapy, demonstrating most favorable prognosis in both gastric and colorectal cancer patients. Prognosis of the group treated with surgical removal of the primary lesion plus hepatic resection plus chemotherapy, was the most excellent and was followed by the group with surgical removal of the primary lesion plus chemotherapy and group with surgical removal of the primary lesions and group surgical removal of the primary lesion in this order. Concerning chemotherapy after surgical removal of the primary lesion, continuous intraarterial infusion therapy with FML regimen combining Lentinan revealed more favorable prognosis also in both gastric and colorectal cancer patients. Hepatic resection with aggressive reduction surgery was of significance in the treatment for the patients with hepatic metastasis of H1 and H2. Long-term survival is also expected for the patients with metachronous hepatic metastasis of H1 by hepatic resection plus chemotherapy.     

Surgical approach for destructive cholecystitis in elderly and old patients

The individual surgical policy in the treatment of patients over 60 years of age with destructive cholecystitis was developed. Urgent radical surgical procedures using total intravenous anesthesia with endotracheal intubation and ALV were performed in patients with a low surgical and anesthetic risk and without concomitant acute pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice. Cholecystostomy and delayed cholecystectomy were performed in patients with these concomitant pathologies. Palliative operations were performed in patients with high surgical and anesthetic risk. Patients with disseminated peritonitis underwent cholecystectomy through laparotomy using total intravenous anesthesia with epidural blockade. Choice of method of cholecystectomy and anesthetic management depended on nature of concomitant diseases and complications. Proposed individual surgical policy permitted to decrease postoperative lethality to 0.8%.     

Transthoracic echocardiography is not cost-effective in critically ill surgical patients

BACKGROUND: Echocardiography has been shown to be valuable in critically ill surgical patients. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) often fails to provide adequate imaging in critically ill patients, necessitating subsequent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The objective of this study was to determine and quantify factors associated with failure of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in critically ill surgical patients, and to define a cost-effective strategy for echocardiography in these patients. METHODS: Demographic and clinical data were collected retrospectively and evaluated to determine which factors were associated with failure of TTE to provide adequate imaging. In addition, models were developed to estimate costs for echocardiography in critically ill surgical patients. RESULTS: TTE has a high failure rate in critically ill surgical patients. This failure rate increases significantly in patients who gain > 10% body weight from admission weight, who are supported with > or = 15 cm H(2)O positive end-expiratory pressure, and in those with chest tubes. As a result, the use of TTE in critically ill surgical patients is not cost-effective. TEE, however, is highly effective in this group of patients, and is more cost-effective than TTE in evaluating those critically ill surgical patients requiring echocardiography. CONCLUSION: The routine use of TTE to initially evaluate all critically ill surgical patients who require echocardiography should be abandoned because it is not cost-effective. TEE appears to be the most cost-effective echocardiographic modality in the surgical intensive care unit.     

Static and dynamic assessment of biomarkers in surgical patients with severe sepsis

BACKGROUND: Severe sepsis, defined as a systemic inflammatory response to infection associated with acute organ dysfunction, is common among surgical patients and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Severe sepsis has been associated with changes in inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers. In patients undergoing surgical procedures there may be additional stimulation of cytokine release and activation of the coagulation system. The purpose of this study was to characterize the baseline differences in biomarkers between surgical and non-surgical patients. In addition, we assessed the dynamic changes in biomarkers and coagulation parameters in surgical patients with severe sepsis enrolled in PROWESS and treated with placebo or drotrecogin alfa (activated). METHODS: A blinded PROWESS surgical evaluation committee (SEC) verified patients as having undergone a relevant operative procedure within 30 days of enrollment for inclusion in the surgical cohort of PROWESS. At baseline and on study days 1-7, biomarkers and coagulation parameters available for analysis were D-dimer, interleukin-6 (IL-6), protein C activity, protein S activity, anti-thrombin III (ATIII), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and prothrombin time (PT). Platelet count was determined at baseline only. Baseline values were compared between SEC-defined surgical and all other non-surgical patients, and between pre- and post-operative surgical patients from the PROWESS trial. Changes from baseline were compared between drotrecogin alfa (activated)-treated and placebo-treated surgical patients. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA on the ranked values. RESULTS: The SEC verified 474 (28%) of the 1,690 PROWESS patients as surgical. Median D-dimer, IL-6, aPTT and PT values were significantly higher at baseline for surgical patients than non-surgical patients (p < 0.001). Surgical patients had significantly lower median protein C, protein S, and ATIII activity at baseline than non-surgical patients (p < 0.001). Surgical patients treated with drotrecogin alfa (activated) showed a significant decrease in D-dimer levels on study days 1-5 (p < 0.05), and a more rapid increase in Protein C levels on study days 1-4 (p < 0.05) compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical patients with severe sepsis appear to have a higher severity of illness at baseline as demonstrated by derangements in biomarkers and coagulation markers compared to non-surgical patients. Surgical patients treated with drotrecogin alfa (activated)showed reduced D-dimer concentrations and a more rapid increase in protein C concentrations during the infusion period.     

Surgical correction of renovascular hypertension

The role of surgical revascularization in the management of patients with renal artery disease has changed in recent years. This has occurred owing to the advent of transluminal angioplasty as an effective method of treatment for certain patients, improved results of surgical revascularization in older patients with atherosclerosis, an enhanced appreciation of advanced atherosclerotic renal artery disease as a correctable cause of renal failure, and the development of more effective surgical techniques for patients with severe aortic atherosclerosis and branch renal artery disease. Surgical revascularization is at present the treatment of choice for patients with branch renal artery disease, ostial atherosclerotic renal artery disease, a renal artery aneurysm, and patients in whom renal angioplasty has been unsuccessful. Excellent clinical results continue to be achieved with surgical revascularization in properly selected patients.     

A comparative synchronous coronary surgery survival study.

Utilizing patient criteria published by the Veterans Administration Cooperative (VAC) Study, a cohort of 229 surgically treated patients was retrieved from the Milwaukee Cardiovascular Data Registry. These patients were all operated on by one surgeon during 1972 to 1974. Four-year survival of this group was compared with that of the medically treated cohort of 310 patients from the VAC Study. Operative mortality was included in all surgical groups. The cumulative 4-year survival of both groups revealed a 95 to 85% advantage for surgical therapy. In patients with three-vessel disease, the cumulative survival favored surgical therapy--94% compared with 80% in the medically terated cohort--and in patients with triple-vessel disease and a normal left ventricle, surgical therapy again showed better results: 100% compared with 88%. Patients with two-vessel disease and a normal left ventricle who underwent surgical intervention had slightly better 4-year survival than those who had medical treatment--100% versus 95%--and those with two-vessel disease and an abnormal left ventricle had a 93% survival after surgical treatment compared with 84% for those with medical treatment. For patients with single-vessel disease, there was no difference in survival between the surgical and medical cohorts.     

胆石症合并门静脉高压术式选择分析

目的：探讨不同手术方式对胆石症合并门静脉高压患者的临床疗效比较。方法：对我院收治的132例不同手术方法治疗的病例资料进行回顾性分析,将其分为3组,并对A组、B组、C组患者治疗预后、并发症以及随访结果进行比较。结果：3组患者的治疗效果有明显的差异性（P〈0.05）;3组患者并发症的发生率也有明显的差异性（P〈0.05）;3组患者远期随访结果差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：胆石症合并门静脉高压患者无论是选择行胆道手术或行门静脉减压术,手术的死亡率以及术后并发症均会明显增加,根据患者的病情情况以及手术耐受情况选择正确的手术方式,有助于降低手术风险,改善预后。     

Preoperative assessment and surgical indication for malignant pleural mesothelioma

The standard surgical procedure for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP). However, high morbidity and mortality rates have been reported in patients who received EPP, whereas survival rates after EPP remain unsatisfactory. Thus, a carefully and precise preoperative assessment to select appropriate candidates for EPP is essential in patients with MPM, and we conducted a surgical staging with laparoscopy, mediastinoscopy and contralateral thoracoscopy for potentially resectable MPM patients. Among 5 consective patients who received the preoperative surgical staging during past 10 months, 1 patient was judged not to be a surgical candidate due to the presence of contralateral pleural metastasis. In conclusion, this surgical staging is a useful preoperative evaluation to prevent an unnecessary operation.     

老年人髋部骨折的手术治疗

目的：探讨老年人髋部骨折的手术适应证和手术方法。方法：采用闭合复位内固定、个固定器固定及人工髋关节置换术,治疗老年人髋部骨折84例。结果：84例中,获得随护68例,平均随访31.2个月,优良率88.2%,除9例死亡外,其余病人骨折均愈合,髋关节功能良好。结论：老年人髋部骨折后并发症多,应严格掌握手术适应证,加强围手术期管理。采取积极的手术治疗,是治疗老年人髋部骨折的理想方法。