Differences in outcomes of obese women and men undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of obesity on the incidence of main complications (infection, dislocation, and revision), functional outcome, and patient satisfaction 5 years after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), and to determine whether results differ between obese women and men. METHODS: We conducted a hospital-based prospective cohort study including patients who underwent primary THA (2,495 hips) between 1996 and 2005. We used rates and rate ratios to compare the incidence of main complications in obese and nonobese patients, and we stratified the data for sex. Functional outcome was measured using the Harris Hip Score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index. RESULTS: The adjusted incidence rate ratio for infection (obese versus nonobese) was 4.4 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.8, 10.8). Obesity substantially increased the infection rate in women (incidence rate ratio comparing obese with nonobese women 16.1; 95% CI 3.4, 75.7), whereas obesity appeared to have no effect in men (incidence rate ratio 1.0; 95% CI 0.2, 5.3). The adjusted incidence rate ratio for dislocation (obese versus nonobese) was 2.4 (95% CI 1.4, 4.2), with a higher rate increase in obese women. A total of 817 patients had a 5-year clinical followup visit. Functional outcome and satisfaction were slightly lower in obese women partly due to higher complication rates. No difference was seen in men. CONCLUSION: Primary THA is a successful intervention in obese patients, but physician and patient must be aware of increased complications, particularly in women.     

Higher comorbidity, poor functional status and higher health care utilization in veterans with prevalent total knee arthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty

The objective of this study was to compare comorbidity, functional ability, and health care utilization in veterans with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) versus matched control populations. A cohort of veterans using Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare system reported limitations in six activities of daily living (ADLs; bathing, dressing, eating, walking, transferring, and using the toilet), demographics, and physician-diagnosed comorbidity. VA databases provided healthcare utilization and International Classification of Diseases-9/Common procedure terminology codes for TKA/THA. Patients were classified as: (1) primary TKA; (2) primary THA; (3) combination group (≥1 procedure); and (4) control veteran population (no THA/TKA). Multivariable regression analyses compared the risk or counts of ADL limitation and in-/out-patient visits. After multivariable adjustment, TKA, THA or combination groups had significantly higher prevalence of the following compared to veteran controls: arthritis, diabetes, or heart disease (p < 0.0001 each), severe (≥3) ADL limitation (33%, 42%, 42% vs. 24%; p < 0.0001), and annual hospitalization rate (24%, 19%, 26% vs. 16%, p < 0.0001). Annual outpatient surgery visits were more (2.5, 2.3, 2.3 vs. 2, p = 0.01) and risk of any mental health outpatient visit was lower (12%, 11%, 12% vs. 18%, p = 0.0039). All ADLs, except eating, were significantly more limited in arthroplasty groups (p ≤ 0.0009). Severe ADL limitation was more prevalent in veterans with arthroplasty than in two age-matched US cohorts: 13.4 times in ≥65 years; and 1.2-, 1.6-, and 4-fold in ≥85, 75–84, and 65–74 years. Poorer function and higher comorbidity and utilization in veterans with TKA/THA suggest that this group is appropriate for interventions targeted at improving function and decreasing utilization. Supported by NIH CTSA Award 1 KL2 RR024151-01 (Mayo Clinic Center for Clinical and Translational Research) The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs.     

Self-perceived distress and self-perceived functional recovery after recent total hip and knee arthroplasty

The research was aimed at verifying whether psychological distress and depression are associated to reduced functional improvement following arthroplasty. Thirty-six patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and 36 patients total hip arthroplasty (THA) were enrolled at the beginning of their rehabilitation. The mean age in TKA patients was 71.3+/-7.8 years (S.D.). The mean age in THA patients was 67.9+/-8.4 years. The Western Ontario and MacMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) were applied. Forty-four percent of THA and 58% of TKA showed over-threshold HAD scores at admission. The proportion was even higher considering HAD-Depression sub-scale, where 55% of THA and 61% of TKA patients had over-threshold scores. Lack of depression prompted better functional outcome in TKA. The effect of depression on TKA functional improvement was still significant after adjusting for age and sex. No association was found for THA patients. In order to maximize rehabilitation benefit it is then suggested that patients with recent TKA intervention are screened for distress and depression at admission and that psychological symptoms are treated if over-threshold.     

围手术康复干预对老年全髋关节置换术后功能水平及运动耐力的影响

目的 探讨围手术康复干预对老年全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)术后功能水平及运动耐力的影响.方法 选取2020年2月-2021年6月火箭军特色医学中心收治的40例老年全髋关节置换术后患者作为研究对象,用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组各20例.对照组行THA手术前采取常规健康教...     

Risk factors of delirium in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

Although postoperative delirium is a complicated disorder in elderly individuals, no study has been examined the risk factors associated with perioperative comorbidities and clinical laboratory data while specifically focusing on only total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In the present retrospective study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and perioperative risk factors of postoperative delirium after TKA. Between April 2009 and May 2013, 287 patients (365 knees) aged >65 years who had undergone primary TKA were enrolled. These patients were assigned to the delirium group of 11 patients (11 knees) or the non-delirium group of 276 patients (354 knees). The incidence of delirium among the patients was 3.1% (11/365). Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a history of dementia, older age, lower body mass index (BMI) level, and a postoperative day 3 blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of >14.9 mg/dL were risk factors. However, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that a history of dementia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 10.4, [1.09, 100]), older age (AOR: 1.15, [1.01, 1.31]), and a postoperative day 3 BUN level of >14.9 mg/dL (AOR: 4.76, [1.15, 19.7]) were independent risk factors. Based on our findings, we believe that the surgeons should be careful to avoid the postoperative delirium and ensure the appropriate management for patients who have these risk factors.     

Improved preoperative iron status assessment by soluble transferrin receptor in elderly patients undergoing knee and hip replacement

A poor preoperative haemoglobin (Hb) status is frequently encountered among adult patients scheduled for corrective surgery of the locomotive system, representing the main risk factor for blood transfusion. The soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) has become a highly specific parameter for the detection of iron deficits as it can differentiate between iron deficiency anaemia and anaemia of chronic disease, because of the lack of effect by associated inflammation, unlike ferritin. The objectives of this study were to evaluate patients with the prevalence of risk for transfusion, the effect of inflammation on ferritin (F) values and functional iron deficiency in elderly patients with advanced degenerative arthropathy scheduled for hip or knee replacement. This observational, prospective study included patients over 50 years, operated for hip or knee replacements between April and June 2004. Of 218 patients studied, 87 (39%) presented with Hb levels between 10 and 13 g/dl. The prevalence of functional iron deficit was 27% (sTfR > 1.76 mg/l), while only 8.6% of patients displayed F levels below normal. As expected, C-reactive protein levels were elevated in 24.8% of patients and erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in 50%. These inflammatory markers did not correlate with levels of either F or sTfR. Multiple factors can affect F levels, such as the inflammatory status of osteoarthritis in the elderly, obesity, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs therapy and low physical performance. As sTfR is not affected by inflammation, it has emerged as a primary parameter for the evaluation of iron status during preoperative assessment among patients scheduled for arthroplasty surgery. Our data strongly suggest that sTfR measurement contributes to improve patient management.     

老年髋膝关节置换术患者术后自我康复现状及生活质量的影响因素

目的 探讨老年髋膝关节置换术(THA/TKA)患者术后自我康复现状,并分析患者生活质量的影响因素。方法 选择2020年1月至2022年1月琼海市人民医院收治的190例老年THA/TKA手术患者为研究对象,使用问卷调查的方式,统计老年THA/TKA治疗者出院后家庭康复6个月时的自我康复现状。采用SPSS 20.0统计软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,分别采用单因素方差分析、t检验或χ²检验进行组间比较。采用多元线性回归分析老年THA/TKA治疗者术后生活质量的影响因素。结果 190份调查问卷中,回收有效问卷179份。179例患者简明健康调查量表(SF-36)各维度平均得分为(54.41±8.77)分;患者术后髋、膝关节优良率分别为40.00%(36/90)和42.70%(38/89);患者整体自护能力分级及社会支持水平多处于中低水平[85.47%(153/179)和88.83%(159/179)];焦虑、抑郁发生率分别为25.14%(45/179)和27.37%(49/179);自我康复训练依从性多处于良或差水平[33.52%(60/179)和46.37%(83/179)]。多元线性回归分析结果提示,术后并发症(β=-3.854,P<0.001)及抑郁(β=-0.277,P<0.001)对老年THA/TKA治疗者生活质量有负向预测作用;自护能力(β=0.236,P<0.001)、社会支持水平(β=0.611,P<0.001)及自我康复训练依从性(β=0.213,P<0.001)对其生活质量有正向预测作用,回归方程差异显著(F=13.115,P<0.001),这些变量共同解释生活质量的50.60%的变异。结论 老年THA/TKA患者术后6个月自我康复整体现状不佳,术后并发症、自护能力、社会支持水平、抑郁及自我康复训练依从性是老年THA/TKA治疗者生活质量的独立影响因素,建议临床从这些方面入手,改善患者术后生活质量。     

Effects of preoperative,scheduled administration of antiemetics in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

There is no established protocol regarding the timing of administration of antiemetics in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to determine whether preoperative, rather than postoperative administration of an antiemetic could reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing TKA, and whether there was a difference in postoperative pain, patient satisfaction and complications after TKA between the 2 different administration times.The included patients (N = 101) either received intravenous administration of the ramosetron 1 hour before surgery (N = 50) or at the end of surgery (N = 51) consecutively order. The incidence of PONV and the frequency of rescue medicine use were recorded until 48 hours postoperatively. The severity of postoperative pain and patient satisfaction were assessed using the visual analogue scale. The incidence of complications associated with use of antiemetic was assessed.Preoperative administration of ramosetron did not decrease PONV during the first 48 hours. There was no significant difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting, use of rescue antiemetics, and the severity of nausea (P > .05). Postoperative pain, satisfaction scores, and the incidence of complications were not different between the 2 groups (P > .05).Preoperative administration of ramosetron did not show clinical advantage in reducing POVN, postoperative pain and improving patient satisfaction. However, the outcomes of complications were not inferior to those of postoperative administration. Therefore, under the current protocol of multimodal therapies, timing of administration of pre-emptive antiemetic did not have significant effect on PONV.     

Outcomes of obese and nonobese patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of obesity on the incidence of adverse events (surgical site infection, dislocation, re-revision, or > or =1 adverse event), functional outcome, residual pain, and patient satisfaction after revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS: We conducted a university hospital-based prospective cohort study including 52 obese and 152 nonobese patients with revision THA performed between 1996 and 2006. We used incidence rates, rate ratios, and hazard ratios (HRs) to compare the incidence of events in obese and nonobese patients and in 4 body mass index (BMI) categories (<25, 25-29.9, 30-34.9, > or =35). Functional outcome and pain were measured 5 years postoperative using the Harris Hip Score. RESULTS: The incidence rate for > or =1 complication increased with rising BMI (1.8, 3.4, 10.3, and 17.9 cases/100 person-years). The increase was small between normal and overweight patients (adjusted HR 1.5, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.5, 4.7), significantly greater with BMI 30-34.9 (adjusted HR 4.5, 95% CI 1.4, 14.0), and most evident with BMI > or =35 (adjusted HR 10.9, 95% CI 2.9, 41.1). The adjusted HR for surgical site infection (obese versus nonobese) was 4.1 (95% CI 1.1, 15.0) and for dislocation 3.5 (95% CI 1.3, 9.3). Eighty patients had a followup visit at 5 years. Obese patients had moderately lower functional results and higher levels of residual pain, but patient satisfaction was almost similar. CONCLUSION: Revision THA is technically challenging, particularly in obese patients, probably due to more difficult anatomic conditions. We found an increased risk of adverse events, notably surgical site infection and dislocation in these patients.     

Alternatives to hip, knee, and ankle total joint arthroplasty

Although total joint arthroplasty is the most commonly performed procedure for the treatment of advanced stages of degenerative joint diseases, alternatives to joint replacement remain essential to the armamentarium of the clinician. For the hip, knee, and ankle, alternatives such as synovectomy, osteotomy, and fusion should be considered when contraindications to joint replacement exist. The indications and results of these procedures are discussed as reflected by a review of the recent literature.     

Effect of preoperative sedentary behavior on clinical recovery after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective cohort study

Clinical Rheumatology - Prolonged sedentary behavior (SB) may affect clinical improvements following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We aim to assess preoperative SB effect on improvements in...     

Polymyositis has minimal effect on primary total knee or hip arthroplasty outcomes

Clinical Rheumatology - To assess whether polymyositis is associated with more complications and higher healthcare utilization after total knee or hip arthroplasty (TKA/THA). Using the...     

The effect of a preoperative exercise and education program on functional recovery, health related quality of life, and health service utilization following primary total knee arthroplasty

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a preoperative exercise/education program on functional recovery, health related quality of life (HRQOL), health service utilization, and costs following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: One hundred thirty-one subjects were randomized to either the control (n = 66) or treatment (n = 65) group 6 weeks before TKA surgery. Patients in the treatment group underwent a 4-week exercise/education program before surgery. All subjects were assessed 6 weeks preoperatively (before the exercise/education intervention), immediately preoperatively (after the exercise/education intervention), and 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery utilizing the Western Ontario McMaster Osteoarthritis Index, the SF-36, and knee range of motion (ROM) and strength measures. Data on length of stay, numbers of community rehabilitation or homecare visits following discharge from the surgical hospital, and the costs associated with these services were also collected. RESULTS: Subjects were similar in demographic characteristics and all measurements at the baseline assessment. No differences were seen in knee measurements (ROM and strength), pain, function, or HRQOL between the 2 groups following the intervention program or at any postoperative measurement point. Patients in the treatment group used fewer postoperative rehabilitation services and stayed for a shorter time in hospital than the control group, but these differences did not attain statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The exercise/education intervention did not alter functional recovery or HRQOL following TKA. Health service utilization was less in the treatment group, but our study was underpowered to attain statistical significance for these measures.