阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿病人骨髓红系和粒—单系祖细胞的特点

本文采用造血祖细胞体外培养技术观察了阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿（ＰＮＨ）病人骨髓红系祖细胞（ＢＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－Ｅ）和粒－单系祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）的增殖能力；骨髓细胞经酸化ＡＢ型血清处理后的ＢＦＵ－Ｅ，ＣＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的增殖能力，以及ＢＦＵ－Ｅ，ＣＦＵ－Ｅ对红细胞生成素（Ｅｐｏ）和（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ对粒－单系集落刺激因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）的反应能力，发现ＰＮＨ病人骨髓ＢＦＵ－Ｅ，ＣＦＵ－Ｅ和ＣＦＵ     

Effect of T-lymphocytes on myeloid and erythroid progenitors in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

目的：研究阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症（ＰＮＨ）患者的Ｔ淋巴细胞对粒系和红系祖细胞的影响。方法：分别将ＰＮＨ患者和正常人外周血制备的植物血凝素刺激的Ｔ淋巴细胞条件培养液（ＰＨＡ－ＴＣＭ）加入粒系和红系祖细胞的培养基中，用于ＰＮＨ患者和正常人的粒－巨噬系集落形成单位（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）和红系爆式集落形成单位（ＢＦＵ－Ｅ）的培养。结果：在含有ＰＮＨ患者的ＰＨＡ－ＴＣＭ的培养条件下，ＰＮＨ患者和正常人骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ和ＢＦＵ－Ｅ集落数明显低于含有正常人ＰＨＡ－ＴＣＭ培养条件下的集落数；正常人骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ和ＢＦＵ－Ｅ集落数亦明显低于含有正常人的ＰＨＡ－ＴＣＭ培养条件下的集落数。结论：ＰＮＨ患者的Ｔ淋巴细胞对粒系和红系祖细胞的支持作用减弱     

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症患者的T淋巴细胞对粒系和红系？…

目的：研究阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症（ＰＮＨ）患者的Ｔ淋巴细胞对粒系和红系祖细胞影响。方法：分别将ＰＮＨ患者和正常人外周血制备的植物血弟素刺激的Ｔ淋巴细胞条件培养液（ＰＨＡ－ＴＣＭ）加入粒系和红系祖的培养基中，用于ＰＮＨ患者和下沉脸的粒－巨噬系集落形成单位的（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）和红系爆式集落形成单位（ＢＦＵ－Ｅ）的培养。结果：在含有ＰＮＨ患者的ＰＨＡ－ＴＣＭ的培养条件下，ＰＮＨ患者和正常人骨髓ＣＦＵ－Ｇ     

骨髓粒—单系祖细胞集落染色体SCE的制备及正常值初探

介绍骨髓粒－单系祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ）集落姊妹染色单体互换（ＳＣＥ）的制备方法，应用时应注意集落细胞的收集，Ｂｒｄｕ及秋水仙胺浓度和作用时间等问题，为临床细胞遗传学的研究提供了新的手段。本文用本法删定２７例健康成人骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ集落染色体ＳＣＥ频率为４．５９±０．６７次／集落细胞，该值可作为正常人分髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ集落ＳＣＥ的正常值供临床和实验参考。     

当归多糖诱导L－细胞产生造血生长因子的实验研究

用造血祖细胞体外培养、造血生长因子检测和流式细胞术等方法,研究当归多糖（ＡＰ）诱导Ｌ－细胞（成纤维细胞株）产生造血生长因子及其对血细胞发生的调节作用。结果表明,Ｌ－细胞条件培养液（ＬｃＣＭ）对造血祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ、ＣＦＵ－Ｅ）的体外增殖呈双向调节作用;１０％ＬｃＣＭ能促进骨髓造血细胞进入增殖活跃的Ｓ＋Ｍ／Ｇ２期;经ＡＰ诱导制备的ＬｃＣＭ在有或无外源性造血生长因子（如Ｅｐｏ,ＢＰＡ,ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）存在时均对造血祖细胞的克隆增殖显示较高刺激活性;ＡＰ或ＩＬ－１与造血生长因子间似无协同作用。本研究提示ＡＰ可能通过诱导造血微环境的成纤维细胞分泌某些造血生长因子,从而促进造血祖细胞增殖分化,这或许是当归＂补血＂的生物学机理之一。     

固本生血丸对内骨髓造血祖细胞体外增殖的影响

应用造血祖细胞体外培养法研究了中药复方制剂－－固本生血丸对人骨髓造血祖细胞估外集落形成的影响。结果表明：该制剂在０．０１－１０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度范围内与细胞因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）或ＥＰＯ）协同促进正常骨髓和再障骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＨＣＶＦＵ－ＧＭ，ＣＦＵ－Ｅ和ＢＦＵ－Ｅ的落形成；作用高峰在１０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度上；当超过该浓度时，集落数量增加不明显，而单独应用该制剂时无集落形成。     

固本生血丸对人骨髓造血祖细胞体外增殖的影响

应用造血祖细胞体外培养法研究了中药复方制剂——固本生血丸对人骨髓造血祖细胞体外集落形成的影响。结果表明：该制剂在０．０１～１０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度范围内与细胞因子（ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ或ＥＰＯ）协同促进正常骨髓和再障骨髓ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＨＣＦＵ－ＧＭ，ＣＦＵ－Ｅ和ＢＦＵ－Ｅ的集落形成；作用高峰在１０μｇ／ｍｌ浓度上；当超过该浓度时，集落数量增加不明显（Ｐ＞０．０５），而单独应用该制剂时无集落形成。     

rhGM—CSF／IL—3融合蛋白对人骨髓造血祖细胞体外培养的研究

研究了ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ／ＩＬ－３融合蛋白对人骨髓造血祖细胞（ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＧＥＭＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ）集落形成的影响，结果表明ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ／ＩＬ－３能显著促进ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＧＥＭＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ集落的形成，分别与ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ、ＩＬ－３单独或联合用药比较，差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．００１），ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ＝ＧＥＭＭ、ＢＦＵ－Ｅ集落的形成对融合蛋白均有剂量依赖性，培养体系浓度在５￣１０ｎ     

rhIL－6、rhGM－CSF和rhEPO对人骨髓造血干细胞的调节作用

重组人白细胞介素６（ｒｈＩＬ－６）和重组人粒—单细胞集落刺激因子（ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ）与正常人造血干细胞培养１周后，ｒｈＩＬ－６组干细胞数增至４．７±０．７倍；ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组增至９．３±１．０倍；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ—ＣＳＦ组增至１３．４±３．３倍。与对照组比较，Ｐ均＜０．０１．造血干细胞ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落分析：ｒｈＩＬ－６组未见ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落形成；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＥＰＯ组则ＣＦＵ－Ｅ集落明显高于ｒｈＥＰＯ组，ｐ＜０．０１．造血干细胞ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ集落分析：ｒｈＩＬ－６组和ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组可见ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ浆落，无ＣＦＵ＋Ｍｉｘ集落形成；ｒｈＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ组有ＣＦＵ－Ｍｉｘ集落形成；ｒｂＩＬ－６＋ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ＋ＥＰＯ联合应用，有ＣＦＵ－ｎ，ｍ，Ｍ，Ｅ混合集落数增多。实验结果提示ｒｈＩＬ－６对造血干细胞有直接的刺激作用，主要刺激粒—单系组细胞增殖。ｒｈＩＬ－６与ｒｈＥＰＯ有协同作用，能促进ｒｈＥＰＯ刺激红系祖细胞的作用。ｒｈＩＬ－６与ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ亦有协同作用，可以刺激多能干细胞形成混合集落。     

人参总皂甙诱导造血生长因子生成的实验研究

为探讨人参“补气生血”的现代生物学机理，采用造血祖细胞体外培养，造血生长因子生物活性检测等技术，研究人参总皂甙（ＴＳＰＧ）对造血生长因子的诱导生成作用。结果表明，经ＴＳＰＧ诱导分别制备的脾细胞、巨噬细胞、成纤维细胞和骨髓基质细胞的培养上清对髓系造血祖细胞（ＢＦＵ－Ｅ、ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ、ＣＦＵ－ＭＫ）的体外集落增殖均有显著刺激作用。ＴＳＰＧ也能促进脾细胞、成纤维细胞和巨噬细胞分泌ＩＬ－６；刺激脾细胞产生     

Increased sensitivity to complement or erythroid and myeloid progenitors in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is an acquired hemolytic anemia characterized by a membrane defect leading to increased sensitivity of erythrocytes, granulocytes, platelets, and bone-marrow erythroid and myeloid cells to complement-mediated lysis. To determine whether the phenotype of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is also expressed on erythroid and myeloid progenitors, marrow cells from five patients with the disease were exposed to a sucrose hemolytic system and then assayed for colony-forming units-erythroid (CFU-E), burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), and colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM). A 50 percent or greater decrease in the numbers of erythroid and myeloid colonies was noted when marrow cells from the patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria were exposed to a sucrose solution of low ionic strength in the presence of complement but not in its absence. Such a decrease was not noted in similarly treated normal marrow cells or in marrow cells from a patient with the disease in remission. These results suggest that in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, CFU-E, BFU-E, and CFU-GM express a membrane abnormality similar to that on erythrocytes, and that the disease is the result of a change occurring at the level of the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell.     

Letter to the EditorActivin A: A Possible Marker for Liver Transplant Outcome

Abstract

The influence of recombinant human IL-17 on granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and erythroid (BFU-E and CFU-E) progenitors and the release of IL-1α/β, IL-6 and erythropoietin (EPO) was estimated in the bone marrow cells obtained from normal and sub-lethally irradiated mice. In normal mice IL-17 increased CFU-GM and BFU-E and reduced CFU-E derived colonies numbers and augmented release of IL-6 and EPO. In irradiated mice the effects of IL-17 on hematopoietic progenitors were lineage-dependent, as well as dependent on their stage of differentiation and the time after the irradiation. IL-17 had no major effects on CFU-GM on day 1 and 3, but decreased their number on day 2, while enhanced both BFU-E and CFU-E on day 1 and 2 after irradiation, whereas on day 3 its effect on erythroid progenitors was again as observed in normal mice. After irradiation, IL-17 increased the release of IL-1α, IL-6 and EPO. The observed effects suggested the involvement of IL-17 in the regulation of hematopoiesis and indicated that its effects on both hematopoietic progenitors and cytokine release are dependent on the physiological/ pathological status of the organism.     

Clonogenic haematopoietic progenitor assays from clinically normal horses

Clonal assays for haematopoietic progenitors were performed on mononuclear cells isolated from bone marrow samples collected from the sternebrae of normal horses. Colony-forming units-erythroid (CFUE), burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), colony-forming units-granulocyte/monocyte (CFU-GM) and colony-forming units-fibroblastic (CFU-F) were assayed, and reference values for clinically normal horses were established. The mean numbers of CFU-E, BFU-E and CFU-GM per 5 × 10⁴ cells were 329 ± 48, 30 ± 5 and 131 ± 13, respective. The mean number of CFU-F was 49 ± 6 per 2 ± 10 cells. The numbers of CFU-E and BFU-E were linearly related to the concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the cell number plated. The number of CFU-E were increased in the presence of erythropoietin (EPO) but its presence was not required for colony growth. BFU-E had an absolute requirement for EPO but the number of BFU-E was not linearly related to dose of EPO. Methods for clonal assays of equine hematopoietic progenitors are described.     

Hematopoietic progenitor cells in the blood and bone marrow in various hematologic disorders

Hematopoietic progenitor cells are present in the blood and the bone marrow. Changes in the numbers of hematopoietic progenitor cells reflect alteration of pluripotent stem cells. We discuss such changes in common hematologic diseases including aplastic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and thalassemia. In aplastic anemia, the numbers of burst forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) are much decreased; the decrease still exists after recovery from therapy. In PNH, the numbers of progenitor cells are low, even in the presence of marrow hypercellularity. In thalassemia, the numbers of progenitor cells are much increased; more pronounced in splenectomized patients.     

Effect of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor, Cyanamide, on the Ex Vivo Sensitivity of Murine Multipotent and Committed Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells to Mafosfamide (Asta Z 7557)

The ex vivo sensitivity of murine multipotent (CFU-GEMM) and committed (CFU-Mk, CFU-GM, BFU-E and CFU-E) hematopoietic progenitor cells to mafosfamide was quantified with and without concurrent exposure to cyanamide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. In the absence of cyanamide, CFU-GEMM, CFU-Mk and CFU-GM were approximately equisensitive to mafosfamide while the erythroid progenitors were more sensitive to the drug. Cyanamide potentiated the cytotoxicity of mafosfamide toward CFU-GEMM and CFU-Mk, but not toward CFU-GM, BFU-E and CFU-E. Cellular aldehyde dehydrogenases are known to catalyze the oxidation of 4-hydroxycyclophos-phamide/aldophosphamide, the major intermediate in cyclophosphamide and mafosfamide activation, to the relatively nontoxic acid, carboxyphosphamide. Thus, our findings indicate that 1) murine CFU-GEMM contain the relevant aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and 2) the relevant aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is retained upon differentiation to progenitors committed to the megakaryocytoid lineage, but lost upon differentiation to progenitors committed to the granulocytoid/monocytoid and erythroid lineages. The relative insensitivity of CFU-GM to mafosfamide is apparently due to a cellular determinant that influences their sensitivity to all cross-Unking agents since CFU-GM were found to be relatively insensitive to non-oxazaphosphorine cross-linking agents as well.     

Effect of the aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, cyanamide, on the ex vivo sensitivity of murine multipotent and committed hematopoietic progenitor cells to mafosfamide (ASTA Z 7557)

The ex vivo sensitivity of murine multipotent (CFU-GEMM) and committed (CFU-Mk, CFU-GM, BFU-E and CFU-E) hematopoietic progenitor cells to mafosfamide was quantified with and without concurrent exposure to cyanamide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. In the absence of cyanamide, CFU-GEMM, CFU-Mk and CFU-GM were approximately equisensitive to mafosfamide while the erythroid progenitors were more sensitive to the drug. Cyanamide potentiated the cytotoxicity of mafosfamide toward CFU-GEMM and CFU-Mk, but not toward CFU-GM, BFU-E and CFU-E. Cellular aldehyde dehydrogenases are known to catalyze the oxidation of 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide/aldophosphamide, the major intermediate in cyclophosphamide and mafosfamide activation, to the relatively nontoxic acid, carboxyphosphamide. Thus, our findings indicate that 1) murine CFU-GEMM contain the relevant aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and 2) the relevant aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is retained upon differentiation to progenitors committed to the megakaryocytoid lineage, but lost upon differentiation to progenitors committed to the granulocytoid/monocytoid and erythroid lineages. The relative insensitivity of CFU-GM to mafosfamide is apparently due to a cellular determinant that influences their sensitivity to all cross-linking agents since CFU-GM were found to be relatively insensitive to non-oxazaphosphorine cross-linking agents as well.     

Comparison of erythropoietic response to androgen in young and old senescence accelerated mice.

In this study, to clarify whether the functional capacity of hemopoietic progenitor cells and the micro-environment of aged mice are identical with those of the young, we investigated the changes in the number of hemopoietic progenitor cells and the production of regulatory cytokines from splenic cells as well as changes in the serum levels of cytokine in senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) after administration of 19-nandrolone decanoate (19-ND), a synthetic androgenic anabolic steroid. 19-ND induced an increase in erythroid colony-forming units (CFU-E), erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E), and granulocytic-macrophage committed progenitor cells (CFU-GM) in bone marrow and spleen; especially remarkable increases were observed in the splenic CFU-E in both young and old mice. Antigen expression analysis of hemopoietic organs revealed that total TER-119+ cells per spleen of young and old mice with androgen treatment rose 2.6- and 3.2-fold over their respective control values. The responsiveness of hemopoietic progenitor cells to androgen did not change with age. Injection of 19-ND into young and old mice markedly enhanced the erythropoietin levels but not IL3 and GM-CSF levels in the serum of both groups. Cytokine production assessed by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated spleen condition medium showed an age-related decline. Androgen treatment could not influence IL-3 and GM-CSF production of spleen. These findings suggest that the spleen of both old and young mice served as the major site of regenerative repopulation of hemopoietic progenitors, especially the late erythroid progenitors in 19-ND-treated mice. The proliferative reserve of erythropoiesis with androgen treatment in aged mice was not reduced more than that in treated-young mice.     

Effect of the Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor,Cyanamide, on the Ex Vivo Sensitivity of Murine Multipotent and Committed Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells to Mafosfamide (Asta Z 7557)

Abstract

The ex vivo sensitivity of murine multipotent (CFU-GEMM) and committed (CFU-Mk, CFU-GM, BFU-E and CFU-E) hematopoietic progenitor cells to mafosfamide was quantified with and without concurrent exposure to cyanamide, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. In the absence of cyanamide, CFU-GEMM, CFU-Mk and CFU-GM were approximately equisensitive to mafosfamide while the erythroid progenitors were more sensitive to the drug. Cyanamide potentiated the cytotoxicity of mafosfamide toward CFU-GEMM and CFU-Mk, but not toward CFU-GM, BFU-E and CFU-E. Cellular aldehyde dehydrogenases are known to catalyze the oxidation of 4-hydroxycyclophos-phamide/aldophosphamide, the major intermediate in cyclophosphamide and mafosfamide activation, to the relatively nontoxic acid, carboxyphosphamide. Thus, our findings indicate that 1) murine CFU-GEMM contain the relevant aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and 2) the relevant aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is retained upon differentiation to progenitors committed to the megakaryocytoid lineage, but lost upon differentiation to progenitors committed to the granulocytoid/monocytoid and erythroid lineages. The relative insensitivity of CFU-GM to mafosfamide is apparently due to a cellular determinant that influences their sensitivity to all cross-Unking agents since CFU-GM were found to be relatively insensitive to non-oxazaphosphorine cross-linking agents as well.