支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的疗效分析

各种原因引起的大咯血常危及患者生命，内科治疗病死率高，且易复发，近年来介入栓塞治疗大咯血的报道不少，所用栓塞材料多种多样。我院自1991年以来，采用明胶海绵颗粒和聚乙烯醇(PVA)颗粒支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血共62例，对其临床治疗效果作初步分析。     

大咯血行支气管动脉栓塞的栓塞材料研究进展

支气管动脉栓塞术（BAE）是将栓塞材料定向注入支气管动脉,封闭责任血管,达到迅速止血的效果,现已成为针对大咯血内科保守治疗无效时的首选治疗手段,目前临床上所使用的栓塞材料种类繁多,可以适应不同的部位、不同的病因、不同的病变基础,种类包括机械栓塞材料弹簧圈、液体栓塞材料氰基丙烯酸正丁酯（NBCA）、广泛应用的明胶海绵（GSA）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）颗粒以及逐渐推广的各型微球。该文旨在对栓塞材料的种类、特性、应用范围以及各自的优缺点做一综述。     

非黏附性液体栓塞材料的研究现状

在脑动静脉畸形的血管内介入栓塞治疗中，在畸形血管团内扩散性好，具有栓塞可控性和稳定性，阶段的非黏附性液体栓塞材料进行综述。栓塞材料的选择是极其重要的。非黏附性液体栓塞材料越来越多地应用于临床。对目前应用于临床和处于实验阶段的非黏附性液体栓塞材料进行综述。     

肝癌介入治疗用微粒型栓塞剂的研究进展

近年来,多项临床随机对照研究表明与保守治疗相比经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗中晚期肝癌(HCC)取得了良好的临床疗效。随着栓塞材料的发展,新型微粒栓塞剂因具有生物相容性、药物缓释作用等优点而成为临床研究的热点,有望进一步提升TACE治疗肝癌的临床疗效。目前国内外已有多种微粒型栓塞剂应用于临床,现将其生物特性及临床疗效做如下综述。     

非黏附性液体栓塞材料的研究现状

在脑动静脉畸形的血管内介入栓塞治疗中,栓塞材料的选择是极其重要的.非黏附性液体栓塞材料在畸形血管团内扩散性好,具有栓塞可控性和稳定性,越来越多地应用于临床.对目前应用于临床和处于实验阶段的非黏附性液体栓塞材料进行综述.     

芬太尼贴剂在治疗脾动脉栓塞后综合征中的应用

脾动脉部分栓塞术是临床治疗脾功能亢进、特发性血小板减少性紫癜等疾病的方法之一,因其具有疗效确切、安全、微创等优点,近来在临床上得到广泛应用.栓塞后综合征是脾动脉栓塞术后最常见的并发症,发生率几乎达100%[1,2],主要表现为脾区疼痛、发热、恶心、呕吐等,栓塞后综合征的治疗是术后必须面对的问题.我们将芬太尼贴剂用于栓塞后综合征的治疗,探讨芬太尼贴剂的应用价值.     

甲状腺机能亢进栓塞材料的应用现状和展望

甲状腺动脉栓塞术治疗甲状腺机能亢进(简称甲亢)是近几年来发展起来的新技术，它解决了传统三大经典疗法所不能解决的一些问题，有望替代内外科治疗。而栓塞材料的选用在很大程度上决定了栓塞治疗的效果。目前，临床上应用的甲亢栓塞剂有多种，国内应用尤多，国外较少，疗效和术后反应不一，笔者就甲亢栓塞材料的研究现况作一综述，并对其进行展望。     

非粘附性液体栓塞材料Onyx的临床应用现状

Onyx是一种新型的、非粘附性的液体栓塞材料,由乙烯-乙烯醇聚合物(ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer,EVAL)、二甲亚砜(dimethyl sulfoxide,DMSO)和钽粉(tantalum)组成,由于其特有的性质,使其与粘附性的栓塞材料相比具有无可比拟的优越性,并已经初步应用于临床,为临床治疗动静脉畸形、动脉瘤等疾病提供了新的方法。     

超选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗肾损伤出血临床应用

目的 研究创伤性肾出血在保守治疗无效情况下进行动脉栓塞的造影表现及栓塞方法。方法 采用超选择性肾动脉栓塞术治疗25例肾损伤患，所有病人在栓塞前都进行肾动脉造影证实诊断。栓塞材料用明胶海绵加金属钢圈。结果 24例病人经栓塞后，临床症状很快得到缓解，1个月后进行静脉尿路造影检查，伤侧肾功能恢复。1例栓塞后仍持续性血尿行肾切除。结论 对创伤性肾出血病人，采用肾功脉栓塞具有止血效果好、能最大限度保护肾功能、减少并发症，是一种治疗肾损伤的安全有效方法。     

超选择动脉栓塞技术在急性出血疾病中应用的若干问题

超选择性动脉造影与栓塞是诊断和治疗急性出血疾病的重要方法之一,具有创伤小、疗效高等优点。本文回顾超选择性动脉栓塞技术在各类出血性疾病诊疗中的应用,并对栓塞材料及操作技术等作一简要评述。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）