Instability of bronchial epithelium in chronic pulmonary diseases

Pathomorphological examination of large bronchi in patients with occupational diseases, lung cancer, and in subjects exposed to radiation revealed structural and functional heterogeneity of the epithelium: the presence of focal atrophy, metaplasia, hyper- and dysplasia in the same biopsy specimen. This phenomenon was termed as instability of the epithelium. Thickness of the epithelium greatly varied, especially, in neoplastic processes. Atrophy and epithelial instability phenomenon are interpreted as morphological markers of ecological and oncological risk. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 470–474, April, 2000     

Diurnal rhythm of cell proliferation in the lingual epithelium of mice following sialoadenectomy

Translated fromByulleten' Pksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, N ^o 7, pp. 72–73, July, 1993     

Ultrastructural,radioautographic, and morphometric analysis of gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis

Biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa from patients with chronic gastritis are examined. The dynamics of structural changes occurring during the development of chronic inflammation is demonstrated and the ultrastructural changes in the mucosa cell populations are described, which together with the radioautographic analysis of biosynthetic reactions and morphometric data characterizes the complex structural and functional rearrangements in the gastric mucosa. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 7, pp. 103–108, July, 1996     

Proliferative activity of cardiomyocytes and specific features in the course of acute experimental myocardial infarction in rats with chronic alcohol poisoning

Vascular mesenchymal changes are less expressed in rats preexposed to alcoholization, and the fibrillogenesis associated with these changes occurs later and is less severe. In rats suffering myocardial infarction in the presence of chronic alcohol poisoning the proliferative activity of cardiomyocytes is reduced. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 2, pp. 172–174, February, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Urokinase stimulates differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts and their proliferation in damaged adventitia

Urokinase expression in the adventitia of rat common carotid artery increased on the 4th day after periadventitial damage. Periadventitial application of recombinant urokinase increased the area of the adventitia and the content of contractile and proliferating cells, while proteolytically inactive recombinant urokinase was ineffective. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 5, pp. 511–514, May, 2000     

Size of lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen and level of hemopoietic tissue proliferation in mice during surgical interventions

The percent and absolute content of T helpers increases in the spleen of mice 4 and 17 h after resection of the liver or removal of a kidney, which is associated with an increase of the mitotic index of splenocytes. The number of T suppressors and the bone marrow cell mitotic index are unchanged. The T-helper/T-suppressor ratio in the spleen increases 1.7–2 times during surgery on the liver and kidney. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 301–303, March, 1996 Presented by N. K. Permyakov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Synchronization of cell proliferation in sarcoma 37 of mice by hydroxyurea

The synchronizing action of hydroxyurea on the passage of sarcoma 37 cells through the S phase and mitosis was investigated in mice, allowing for diurnal fluctuations in mitotic activity and the index of labeled nuclei. The degree of synchronization was estimated from changes in the number of proliferating or labeled cells and the rate of change of synchronization. The tumor consisted of at least two cell populations in which variations in the number of cells both in the S period and also, probably, in mitosis were out of phase. The degree of artificial synchronization of the cells in mitosis based on the rate of change of synchronization was much higher than the natural level in the tumor not divided into separate populations. However, the number of cells undergoing artificial synchronization was not significantly different not only from the number of cells in the tumor undivided into separate populations, but also from the number of cells naturally synchronized in one of the populations. A possible explanation of this fact is that hydroxyurea acted on only one group of cells, for fluctuations in the number of DNA-synthesizing cells in the separate populations also were out of phase.Laboratory of Growth and Development, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Department of General Biology, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 11, pp. 1352–1354, November, 1976.     

Effect of low-intensity infrared laser radiation on ultrastructure and proliferation of liver cells in experimental hepatitis and cirrhosis

Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Tashkent Branch, All-Union Research Center for Surgery, Academy of Medical Sciences. (Presented by Academician D. S. Sarkisov, Academy of Medical Sciences.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 424–427, April, 1992.     

Polyfurancarbonic acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of cultured human T lymphocytesin vitro

Polyfurancarbonic acid dose-dependently suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of human peripheral blood T lymphocytesin vitro. This finding indicates its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of lymphopenia during chronic renal failure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 6, pp. 672–674, June, 1999     

Enhancement of liver cell proliferation by GM3 ganglioside

In experiments on rats subjected to partial hepatectomy and experimentally induced hepatitis it is shown that GM₃ ganglioside of equine erythrocytes can enhance liver cell proliferation. The effect was also observed in experiments on a primary hepatocyte culturein vitro; moreover, enhancement of cell proliferation did not depend on the type of sialic acid residues. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, pp 427–430, April, 1995     

Ultrastructure and proliferation of gastric epitheliocytes during exposure to ultraviolet laser

Local exposure to ultraviolet laser in a dose of at least 4 J/cm² decreases the epitheliocyte labeled nuclei index in the fundal portion of the stomach, the decrease being the greatest for actively proliferating cervical cells. It involves a decrease in the amount of parietal microorganisms and alteration of epitheliocytes. The latter phenomenon was most expressed after a dose of 6 J/cm². Changes caused by UV laser were observed 24 h after exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 5, pp. 583–586, May, 1998     

The effect of bombardment with continuous infrared laser on the ultrastructure and proliferation of Ehrlich carcinoma cells

Bombardment of Ehrlich carcinoma with infrared laser for 3–5 min daily during a 10-day period resulted in an almost 2-fold increase in the index of labeled nuclei without any increase in mitotic index and tumor mass. The differences between the index of labeled nuclei and mitotic index revealed by electron microscopy are due to pronounced changes in the nuclei: “squeezing” of chromatin through pores or ruptures in the nuclear membrane and its random location in the cytoplasm. The number of macrophages, neutrophils, and plasma cells in the tumor increases. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 585–588, May, 1996     

Inhibition of mitogen-stimulated proliferation of human lymphocytesin vitro by synthetic peptide fragments of α-2 interferon

Human α-2 interferon and peptides representing parts of the amino-acid sequence 124–138 of the IF molecule inhibit the proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy donorsin vitro induced by ConA. It is shown that neither interferon α-2 nor biologically active peptides change the level of interleukin-2 ConA-induced production by human blood mononuclears. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 1, pp. 72–74, January, 1994 Presented by I. P. Ashmarin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Atrophy of bronchial epithelium: Ultrastructural-metabolic analysis of the bronchial mucosa in chronic bronchitis

Complex morphological analysis of bronchial biopsy specimens shows two forms of the atrophic process in the bronchial mucosa: the primary dystrophic form, whose basis is the syndrome of regenerative-plastic insufficiency, and the primary inflammatory form developing at the end of chronic inflammation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, № 10, pp. 444–448, October, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Structural and metabolic analysis of gastric mucosa in gastropathies. Gastrobiopsy data

Bioptates of gastric mucosa are studied in gastropathies. Light and electron microscopic changes in the parenchymal and stromal compartments are described, and biosynthetic reactions and stereological parameters are evaluated, which are different in the fundal and pyloric regions. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 8, pp. 228–232, August, 1996     

The past,present, and future of research on the regulation of nonlymphoid cell proliferation by lymphoid cells

Reviewed are data on the capacity of T lymphocytes to stimulate or inhibit nonlymphoid cell proliferation, on the correlation of this capacity with the activity of respective immunoregulatory cells (T helpers and suppressors), and on the possible cell-mediated and humoral mechanisms through which lymphocytes execute their morphogenic function. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 120, N ^o 9, pp. 230–234, September, 1995 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences