醛固酮及其受体拮抗剂对肾小球系膜细胞转化生长因子β1基因表达的影响

目的研究醛固酮（aldosteroen，ALD）及其受体拮抗剂螺内酯（spironolactone，SPI）对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）基因表达的影响。方法以不同浓度的ALD（10^-11、10^～9、10^-7mol／L）及／或10^-7mol／L SPI刺激系膜细胞24h后，应用半定量RT—PCR方法检测细胞TGF—β1 mRNA的表达；以10^-9mol／L浓度的ALD刺激系膜细胞不同时间（12h、24h、48h）后，应用半定量RT—PCR方法检测细胞TGF—β1 mRNA的表达。结果半定量RT—PCR结果显示，ALD促进培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞TGF—β1 mRNA的表达，且具有浓度依赖性和时间依赖性的特点，SPI能够拮抗ALD的作用。结论ALD促进肾小球系膜细胞TGF—β1的基因表达，进而导致肾小球硬化。SPI能够拮抗ALD的作用，从而可能有益于延缓肾小球硬化的进展。     

醛固酮对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞表达结缔组织生长因子的影响

目的:探讨醛固酮(ALD)对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞表达结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的影响,及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)是否参与其信号通路。方法:大鼠肾小球系膜细胞加入不同浓度的ALD共同培养0、12、24、36、48h,RT-PCR方法评价CTGF mRNA的表达;用ELISA方法检测TGF-β1蛋白的表达;并用TGF-β1/Smads信号通路的特异性丝、苏氨酸激酶抑制剂Staurosporine(STA)加以对比。结果:ALD刺激后肾小球系膜细胞CTGF mRNA表达水平增加,且呈剂量依赖性,TGF-β1蛋白表达也明显增加;用STA预处理1h后再用ALD刺激24h,则CTGFmR-NA的表达无明显变化。结论:ALD通过TGF-β1/Smads途径上调肾小球系膜细胞表达CTGF。     

Resveratrol对高糖所致大鼠肾小球系膜细胞TGF-β1表达的影响

目的:探讨高糖对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞TGF-β1表达的影响及Resveratrol的干预作用.方法:体外培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞.①分为正常对照组(NC组,匍萄糖浓度5.6 mmol/L)、高糖组(HG组,葡萄糖浓度30 mmol/L),分别观察24、48、72 h;②分为NC组、HC组、Resveratrol组(Res组,葡萄糖浓度5.6 mmol/L+Resvemtrol 20 μmol/L)和高糖+Rcsvcratrol组(HG+Res 组,葡萄糖浓度30 mmol/L+Resveratrol浓度分别为5、10、15、20 μmol/L),各组细胞分別培养48 h.用半定量RT-PCR和Western blotting法检测细胞内TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达变化.结果:①与NC组相比,HG刺激后大鼠系膜细胞TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达明显增加,差异均有显著性,P值均<0.01;②与HC组相比,HG+Resveratrol干预后,大鼠系膜细胞TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达呈浓度依赖性减少,差异均有显著性(P值分别为<0.05,<0.01).Res组和NC组之间TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达的差异无显著性(P>0.05).结论:高糖能上调大鼠肾小球系膜细胞TGF-β1 mRNA和蛋白表达,Resveratrol可能通过抑制高糖引起的系膜细胞TGF-β1高表达而在糖尿病肾病中起治疗作用.     

醛固酮对肾小球系膜细胞合成分泌细胞外基质的影响

目的:研究醛固酮(ALD)及其受体拮抗剂螺内酯(SP I)对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞合成分泌细胞外基质的影响。方法:用EL ISA法测定细胞培养上清中FN和I型胶原的浓度,用半定量RT-PCR法检测细胞中FN和I型胶原mRNA的表达。结果:EL ISA结果显示,ALD促进系膜细胞合成分泌FN和I型胶原,且呈剂量依赖和时间依赖性。半定量RT-PCR结果显示,ALD促进系膜细胞FN和I型胶原mRNA的表达,也呈剂量依赖和时间依赖性。SP I能够拮抗ALD的作用。结论:ALD从蛋白和基因水平促进大鼠肾小球系膜细胞合成分泌FN和I型胶原,SP I能够拮抗ALD的作用,具有一定的肾脏保护作用,从而有益于延缓肾小球硬化的进展。     

辛伐他汀与阿托伐他汀对高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞p27蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀和阿托伐他汀对高糖培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞p27表达的影响。方法将体外培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞分为正常对照组(葡萄糖浓度5.6mmol/L)、高糖组(葡萄糖浓度30mmol/L)、高糖辛伐他汀组(葡萄糖浓度30mmol/L,辛伐他汀浓度10μmol/L)、高糖阿托伐他汀组(葡萄糖浓度30mmol/L,阿托伐他汀浓度10μmol/L)。每组设置6个复孔,于24、48、72、120h收集细胞,Western blotting法测定大鼠肾小球系膜细胞p27蛋白的表达,逆转录PCR测定p27mRNA的表达。结果高糖组p27蛋白浓度及mRNA水平均较正常对照组升高(P<0.05);高糖辛伐他汀组及高糖阿托伐他汀组p27蛋白浓度及mRNA水平均较高糖组降低(P<0.05)。结论他汀类药物通过调节肾小球系膜细胞p27的表达,可发挥非依赖降脂的肾脏保护作用。     

ERK通路抑制剂对PDGF-BB诱导的大鼠系膜细胞细胞外基质合成的影响

目的:探讨ERK通路在血小板源性生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)诱导的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞细胞外基质(ECM)合成中的作用.方法:将体外培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(HBZY-1)分为7组:对照组;PDGF-BB刺激组(终浓度分别为10、25和50 ng/ml);PDGF-BB和ERK通路抑制剂UO126共刺激组(PDGF-BB 25ng/ml UO126 5 μmol/ml,PDGF-BB 25 ng/ml UO126 10 μmol/ml);UO126 10 μmol/ml刺激组.应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测肾小球系膜细胞基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)和纤连蛋白(FN)mRNA的相对表达量.结果:PDGF-BB能剂量依赖性的上调 PAI-1和FN mRNA的表达(P＜0.05),同时下调MMP-2 mRNA的表达(P＜0.05).U0126则呈剂量依赖性地抑制PDGF-BB诱导的肾小球系膜细胞PAI-1和FN mRNA的表达(P＜0.05),促进MMP-2 mRNA的表达(P＜0.05).结论:PDGF-BB可能通过ERK通路作用于大鼠肾小球系膜细胞,抑制细胞外基质的降解,促进其FN的合成,从而参与肾小球硬化的过程.     

大鼠系膜细胞醛固酮的合成及其对细胞外基质生成的影响

目的　证明肾脏系膜细胞能够自身合成醛固酮 ,并探讨醛固酮对系膜细胞细胞外基质生成的影响。方法　用RT PCR法检测大鼠系膜细胞醛固酮合成酶CYP11B2mRNA表达 ,PCR产物存化后直接测序 ;放免法测定系膜细胞培养上清液中醛固酮的浓度。用RT PCR半定量法比较 (3 磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶theenzymeglyceraldehyde 3 phosphatedehydrogenase ,GAPDH为内参照 )经 10 -10 ～ 10 -6mol/LAngⅡ或 7mmol/L、9mmol/LKCl干预 4 8h ,系膜细胞CYP11B2mRNA的表达量。大鼠系膜细胞醛固酮特异性受体 (mineralocorticoidreceptor,MR)和保护其配体特异性的 11β -羟类固醇脱氢酶 2 (11β -HSD2 )的mRNA和蛋白质表达分别用RT PCR法和细胞免疫化学法检测。以ELISA和Western印迹方法检测经 10 -7mol/L醛固酮干预 2 4h ,细胞培养上清液中层黏蛋白 (FN)和Ⅳ型胶原的浓度。结果　大鼠系膜细胞能表达CYP11B2mRNA ,且细胞培养上清液中检测到醛固酮 ,浓度为 1 0 6 5pg/ 10 6个细胞。 10 -8、10 -7mol/LAngⅡ (10 -8mol/L :2 15± 0 10 ,10 -7mol/L :1 16± 0 0 4vs非干预组 0 77± 0 0 3,P <0 0 0 1;)和 9mmol/L的KCl (1 2 7± 0 11vs非干预组 0 89± 0 12 ,P <0 0 5 )均能显著提高CYP11B2mRNA的表达。大鼠系膜细胞有MR和 11β -H     

槲皮素对活化大鼠肝星状细胞TGF-β1信号的影响

目的了解槲皮素对肝脏星状细胞(HSCs)通过转化生长因子(TGF)β1诱导的结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)及纤维连接素(FN)表达的影响.方法通过胶原酶与链霉蛋白酶原位灌注、Nycondenz一步法梯度离心分离雄性Wistar大鼠HSCs.培养活化的HSCs无血清饥饿后与10-9～10-5mol/L浓度的槲皮素孵育24,48或72 h.以流式细胞术测定TGFβ1的表达与分泌.逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测CTGF基因表达,免疫组化检测FN表达.结果流式细胞术检测免疫荧光强度显示10-8～10-5 mol/L 浓度槲皮素可抑制HSCs TGFβ1表达;10-7 mol/L 浓度槲皮素孵育48 h可显著抑制HSCs TGFβ1表达(特异性平均荧光强度分别为13.33±2.44和18.08±2.54,t=16.52, P<0.01).TGFβ1可明显促进活化HSCs CTGF mRNA表达,但10-7 mol/L 浓度槲皮素在72 h内几乎可完全拮抗此效应.与对照相比,10-7 mol/L 浓度槲皮素孵育48 h可显著抑制HSCs FN表达.结论槲皮素可抑制TGFβ1信号通路,包括抑制TGFβ1、FN表达及CTGF的基因表达,具有潜在的抗肝纤维化治疗作用.     

PDGF对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞表达PAI-1的影响

目的:探讨血小板源性生长因子(PDGF-BB)对体外培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞表达纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)的影响.方法:以0、5、10 ng/ml终质量浓度的PDGF-BB刺激体外培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞分别作用0、12、24、48 h, 以发色底物显色法检测细胞上清液中PAI-1的活性;以0、5、10 ng/ml质量浓度的PDGF-BB刺激系膜细胞24 h和10 ng/ml质量浓度的PDGF-BB刺激细胞0、12、24、48 h, 半定量RT-PCR观察系膜细胞PAI-1 mRNA表达情况.结果:0、5、10 ng/ml的PDGF-BB 作用于系膜细胞24 h,其PAI-1 mRNA/GAPDH mRNA分别为0.296、 0.428、0.542.10 ng/ml的PDGF-BB作用系膜细胞0、12、24、48 h, PAI-1 mRNA/GAPDH mRNA分别为0.156、0.345、0.493、0.597,表现为浓度和时间依赖效应.PDGF-BB也可浓度依赖性地增加PAI-1的活性,24 h内活性逐渐增高,48 h时下降.结论:PDGF-BB可上调体外培养的大鼠肾小球系膜细胞PAI-1的活性及其mRNA的表达,提示PDGF可能通过抑制细胞外基质的降解导致细胞外基质的积聚,从而参与肾小球硬化的过程.     

阿魏酸哌嗪对TGF-β1诱导下肾小球系膜细胞结缔组织生长因子表达及细胞外基质合成的影响

目的 探讨阿魏酸哌嗪(PF)对转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)诱导下肾小球系膜细胞结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)及细胞外基质成分表达的影响及其意义.方法 将体外培养正常大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(HBZY-1)分为正常对照组、TGF-β1刺激组、TGF-β1加50、100、200 ng/mL PF干预组.分别利用免疫细胞化学法检测各组细胞CTGF蛋白表达,实时荧光定量逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)测定细胞CTGF mRNA表达量,双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA法检测细胞上清Ⅰ型胶原(Col Ⅰ)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)的含量.结果 CTGF蛋白及mRNA、细胞上清Col Ⅰ、FN表达量在TGF-β1组较正常组明显升高(P<0.05),阿魏酸哌嗪组上述指标均低于TGF-β1组(P<0.05).结论 阿魏酸哌嗪能抑制TGF-β1诱导下肾小球细胞外基质(ECM)的合成.其机制可能与下调系膜细胞上CTGF的表达量及功能活性有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.