观赏獐牙菜中新呫吨酮的化学研究(英文)

从我国民族药观赏獐牙菜(Swertia decora Franch)脂溶性部位分离得到六个化合物,分别鉴定为1-羟基-4,5,6,7-四甲氧基呫吨酮(1),1,3,8-三羟基-2,5-二甲氧基呫吨酮(2),1,8-二羟基-3,7-二甲氧基呫吨酮(methylswertianin, 3),1-羟基-3,7,8-三甲氧基呫吨酮(decussatin, 4),1,7,8-三羟基-3-甲氧基呫吨酮(swertianin, 5)及红白金花内酯(erythrocentaurin, 6)。化合物1 和2为新化合物,定名为观赏獐牙菜呫吨酮-I- (swertiadecoraxanthone-I)和观赏獐牙菜呫吨酮-II (swertiadecoraxanthone-II),其他均为首次从该植物中分离到。     

川东獐牙菜水溶性化学成分

目的研究川东獐牙菜(Swertia davidi Franch)活性成分。方法利用Sephadex LH-20,DA-201大孔吸附树脂等多种色谱技术分离化学成分,UV,IR,MS,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR及2D-NMR等波谱技术鉴定化合物的结构。结果得到4个化合物,分别是8-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-1,3,5-三羟基酮(I),5-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基酮(II),5-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-1,3,8-三羟基酮(III)和獐牙菜苦苷(IV)。结论III为新化合物,I,II,IV为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

紫红獐牙菜中紫药苦甙的结构

继续报道从紫红獐牙菜Sivertia punicea Hemsl,全草中分得的另八个化合物(Ⅰ～Ⅷ)的结构,经光谱解析,I的结构推定为6′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基獐牙菜甙(6′-O-β-D-glucopyranosylsweroside,Ⅰ),为一新的裂环环烯醚萜甙类化合物,命名为紫药苦甙(swertiapunimarin),Ⅱ～Ⅷ的结构分别鉴定为獐牙菜甙(sweroside,Ⅱ)、獐牙菜苦甙(swertiamarin,Ⅲ)、齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid,Ⅳ)、胡萝卜甙(daucosterol.Ⅴ)、β-谷甾醇(B-sitosterol,Ⅵ)、2,3-二羟基-1,4-苯二甲酸(2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-benzodicarboxylic acid,Ⅶ)及methylswertianin.以上均首次从该植物中得到。     

HPLC法测定艽龙胶囊中马钱苷酸、山栀苷甲酯、6'-O-β-D-葡萄糖基龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苷、异荭草苷和异牡荆黄素

目的 建立HPLC法同时测定艽龙胶囊中马钱苷酸、山栀苷甲酯、6''-O-β-D-葡萄糖基龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苷、异荭草苷、异牡荆黄素的方法。方法 采用Intersil C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;流动相：乙腈–0.2%磷酸溶液,梯度洗脱;检测波长：254 nm;体积流量：0.8 mL/min;柱温：25℃;进样量：10 μL。结果 马钱苷酸、山栀苷甲酯、6''-O-β-D-葡萄糖基龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苦苷、龙胆苦苷、獐牙菜苷、异荭草苷、异牡荆黄素分别在21.20～2 120.00、3.20～320.00、15.00～1 500.00、5.10～51.00、39.00～3 900.00、4.20～420.00、2.20～220.00、1.10～110.00 μg/mL与峰面积呈良好的线性关系;平均回收率分别为99.37%、97.28%、96.49%、99.37%、97.28%、96.49%、99.37%、97.28%,RSD值分别为1.64%、1.16%、1.85%、1.64%、1.16%、1.85%、1.64%、1.16%。结论 方法简便、重复性好,结果准确可靠,可为进一步完善艽龙胶囊的质量评价方法提供参考依据。     

西南獐牙菜化学成分的研究

从西南獐牙菜的全植物中分离出五个化合物,其中四个分别被鉴定为β-谷甾醇(Ⅶ),齐墩果酸(Ⅵ),1,3,7,8-四羟基咄酮(Ⅴ)和山楂酸(Ⅱ)。另一化合物系新的三萜酸糖酯甙,命名为獐牙菜皂甙(swericinctoside,Ⅰ),其结构为2α,3β-二羟基齐墩果-12-烯-28-羧酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1-6)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-(1-2)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。     

观赏獐牙菜中新咕吨酮的化学研究

从我国民族药观赏獐牙菜(swwertia decora Franch)脂溶性部位分离得到六个化合物,分别鉴定为1-羟基-4,5,6,7-四甲氧基咕吨酮(1),1,3,8-三羟基-2,5-二甲氧基咕吨酮(2),1,8-二羟基-3,7-二甲氧基咕吨酮(methylswertianin,3),1-羟基-3,7,8-三甲氧基咕吨酮(decussatin,4),1,7,8-三羟基-3-甲氧基咕吨酮(swertianin,5)及红白金花内酯(erythrocentaurin,6)。化合物1和2为新化合物,定名为观赏獐牙菜咕吨酮-I-(soertiadecoranthone-I)和观赏獐牙菜咕吨酮-H(swertiadecoraxanthone-II),其他均为首次从该植物中分离到。     

miR-1915-3p在胃癌细胞中的表达水平及其对胃癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 检测miR-1915-3p在胃癌细胞中的表达水平,探讨其对胃癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法 实时定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）检测胃癌细胞MGC-803、SGC-7901、MKN-45和永生化胃上皮细胞GES-1中miR-1915-3p的相对表达水平;转染实验将miR-1915-3p质粒和对照质粒（miR-NC）转染至MGC-803和SGC-7901中,分别设置MGC-803细胞miR-1915-3p组和miR-NC组及SGC-7901细胞miR-1915-3p组和miR-NC组;细胞增殖实验和凋亡实验分别检测miR-1915-3p组和miR-NC组细胞的光密度（OD）值和凋亡率;蛋白免疫印迹（Western blot）实验检测miR-1915-3p组和miR-NC组细胞的Bcl-2蛋白表达情况。结果 MGC-803、SGC-7901、MKN-45细胞中miR-1915-3p的相对表达水平分别为（0.46±0.06）、（0.42±0.05）、（0.33±0.04）,均低于GES-1细胞中miR-1915-3p的相对表达水平（P<0.05）。MGC-803细胞中,miR-1915-3p组与miR-NC组相比,OD值降低、细胞凋亡率增加、Bcl-2蛋白表达减弱（P均<0.05）;SGC-7901细胞中,miR-1915-3p组与miR-NC组相比,OD值降低、细胞凋亡率增加、Bcl-2蛋白表达减弱（P均<0.05）。结论 miR-1915-3p在胃癌细胞系中表达降低,上调miR-1915-3p的表达可抑制胃癌细胞增殖,减弱Bcl-2蛋白表达以促进细胞凋亡。     

基于分子对接和体外大鼠肝微粒体抑制实验综合考察何首乌中潜在肝毒性成分研究

目的 基于UDP-葡萄糖醛酸转移酶1A1（UGT1A1）介导的胆红素代谢,构建UGT1A1酶蛋白模型,用于研究何首乌中潜在致肝毒性成分的毒性作用,并用体外大鼠肝微粒体抑制实验进行验证。方法 采用同源模建方法构建UGT1A1酶蛋白结构,将UGT1A1底物胆红素及何首乌中主要蒽醌类成分大黄素、大黄酚、大黄酸、羟基大黄素、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和大黄素甲醚与UGT1A1蛋白进行分子对接,考察分子结合靶点及结合强弱。采用大鼠肝微粒体孵育体系（RLM）,加入系列浓度的底物胆红素对照品溶液及待测单体对照品溶液,检测表观抑制常数（K_i）,测定蒽醌类单体成分对UGT1A1酶的抑制作用。结果 分子对接结果显示,UGT1A1酶蛋白结构上共有9个活性口袋区,胆红素的结合口袋确定为位点F;6个单体主要集中在两个活性口袋区：大黄素、羟基大黄素、大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷和大黄酚对接进入位点F;大黄素甲醚和大黄酸对接进入位点C。结合于UGT1A1酶蛋白位点C中的单体大黄酸和大黄素甲醚的结合自由能（IE）值较小;位点F区中,单体大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素及羟基大黄素具有较高的IE值,结合能力强。体外抑制实验显示,大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、大黄素表现为较强的竞争型抑制作用,羟基大黄素为较强的混合型抑制作用,与分子对接结果一致。结论 大黄素-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、羟基大黄素、大黄素对UGT1A1酶介导的胆红素代谢产生较强的抑制作用,构建的UGT1A1酶蛋白模型可有效预测药物的潜在风险。     

HPLC法测定通乐颗粒中2, 3, 5, 4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷

目的 建立测定通乐颗粒中2, 3, 5, 4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的方法。方法 采用HPLC法,色谱柱为Phenomenex C₁₈柱,检测波长为320 nm,流动相为乙腈-水（20∶80）,体积流量为1.0 mL/min。结果 2, 3, 5, 4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷在10～100 μg/mL与峰面积呈良好线性关系（r＝0.999 7）,平均回收率为99.74%。结论 本方法准确、简便、重复性好,可用于通乐颗粒中2, 3, 5, 4′-四羟基二苯乙烯-2-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷的含量测定。     

石胆草中黄酮碳苷的分离与结构鉴定石胆草中黄酮碳苷的分离与结构鉴定

目的研究石胆草(Corallodiscus flabellata)的化学成分。方法利用Diaion HP-20,Sephadex LH-20,硅胶柱等色谱技术分离,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据鉴定结构。结果从石胆草中分离并鉴定了7个化合物,分别为:5,3′,4′-三羟基-6,7-二甲氧基-8-C-［β-D-木糖-(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(1);5,4′-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基-8-C-［β-D-木糖-(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(2);5,4′-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基-8-C-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(3);5,4′-二羟基-6,7-二甲氧基-8-C-［β-D-芹糖-(1→2)］-β-D-葡糖黄酮碳苷(4);3,4-二羟基-苯乙酸乙二醇酯(5);羟基酪醇(6);罗布麻宁(7)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,其余化合物均系首次从该植物中分离得到。     

鼻渊净胶囊的HPLC指纹图谱研究

目的 建立鼻渊净胶囊的高效液相色谱(HPLC)指纹图谱.方法 采用Agilent SB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱,乙腈-水为流动相、以1.0 ml/min流速行梯度洗脱,检测波长210 nm,柱温30℃,洗脱时间为80 min.采用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2004A版)对检测出色谱进行...     

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives as potentially novel compounds with analgesic and other CNS activities

New 2,6-piperidinediones 2_a–g and 4_a–d were prepared by initial condensation of aromatic aldehydes or cycloalkanones with cyanoacetamide to give α-cyanocinnamides l_a–g or cycloalkylidenes 3_a,b which underwent Michae1 addition with ethyl cyanoacetate or diethylmalonate. Compounds 4_a–d were alkylated by various alkyl halides to produce the N-alkylated 2,6-piperidinedione derivatives 5_a–m. Some new selected compounds 2_a–c,f, 4_a–d & 5_e,h,j were pharmacologically evaluated for potential anticonvulsant, sedative and analgesic activities. These compounds exhibited significant anticonvulsant and analgesic effects after a single I.P. administration 100 mg/kg b.wt. . On the other hand all the investigated compounds induced hypnotic activity and prolonged the phenobarbital sodium- induced sleep as compared with the control group and the most potent compound was found to be 2_f.     

Investigation of the prevalence of tetQ, tetX and tetX1 genes in Bacteroides strains with elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations

In this study, the antibiotic susceptibilities to tigecycline and tetracycline of 35 selected Bacteroides fragilis group strains were determined by Etest, and the presence of tetQ, tetX, tetX1 and ermF genes was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). tetQ was detected in all 12 B. fragilis group isolates (100%) exhibiting elevated tigecycline minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) (≥8 μg/mL) as well as the 8 strains (100%) with a tigecycline MIC of 4 μg/mL, whilst tetX and tetX1 were present in 15% and 75% of these strains, respectively. All of these strains were fully resistant to tetracycline (MIC ≥ 16 μg/mL). On the other hand, amongst the group of strains with tigecycline MICs < 4 μg/mL (15 isolates), tetQ, tetX and tetX1 were found less frequently (73.3%, 13.3% and 46.7%, respectively). All but two strains harbouring the tetQ gene in this group were non-susceptible to tetracycline, with a MIC > 4 μg/mL. These data suggest that in most cases tigecycline overcomes the tetracycline resistance mechanisms frequently observed in Bacteroides strains. However, the presence of tetX and tetX1 genes in some of the strains exhibiting elevated MICs for tigecycline draws attention to the possible development and spread of resistance to this antibiotic agent amongst Bacteroides strains. The common occurrence of ermF, tetX, tetX1 and tetQ genes together predicted the presence of the CTnDOT-like Bacteroides conjugative transposon in this collection of Bacteroides strains.     

栝楼不同药用部位质量控制的研究进展

瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉来源于栝楼的不同药用部位,4味药材均为常用的大宗药材,现行版《中国药典》对其制定的质量标准过于简单,无法科学合理地控制其质量。本文对瓜蒌子、瓜蒌皮、瓜蒌、天花粉安全性和有效组分的研究进行综述,明确了相关研究存在的问题并针对问题提出建议,为科学全面的药材及饮片标准的制定提供参考依据。     

喙果黑面神化学成分研究

目的研究大戟科植物喙果黑面神(Breynia rostrata Merr.)的化学成分。方法利用硅胶、凝胶等色谱技术分离纯化化学成分,根据化合物的理化性质和光谱数据进行结构鉴定。结果从喙果黑面神的正丁醇萃取部分分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为6-O-甲基丙酰基-α-D-吡喃葡糖(6-O-methylpropanoyl-α-D-glucopyranose,1);4″-苯酚基-6-O-甲基丙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(4″-phenolic-6-O-methylpropanoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,2);1-O-没食子酰基-β-D-吡喃葡糖苷(1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside,3);熊果苷(arbutin,4)。结论化合物1和2为新化合物,3和4均为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

抗幽门螺杆菌活性挥发油的筛选、药效物质分析及其作用机制预测

目的 探讨抗幽门螺杆菌（HP）活性挥发油的药效物质,初步预测潜在活性成分及其作用机制。方法 微量稀释法（96 微孔板）测定丁香、广藿香、紫苏、牛至、枳实、厚朴、薄荷、肉桂 8 种挥发油对 HP 的抑制率,筛选出抑菌活性最强的 3种挥发油。气相色谱-质谱法联用（GC-MS）分析 3 种挥发油的化学成分,利用 TCMSP、Swiss Target Prediction、PubChem数据库获取 3 种挥发油主要活性成分及其对应靶点信息;网络药理学技术预测其潜在活性成分、相关通路及关键靶点;AUTO DOCK Vina 软件对核心成分及关键靶点基因进行分子对接,初步验证潜在活性成分及关键靶点。结果 广藿香、牛至和肉桂挥发油抑制 90% 细菌生长的最低药物浓度（MIC₉₀）分别为 0.250、0.250、0.125 μL·mL^-1,具有较强的抑菌活性;从以上 3 种挥发油中分别鉴定出 27、26、15 个化学成分,共筛选出 15 个活性成分,涉及 232 个基因靶点,影响了与抑制 HP相关的癌症通路、化学致癌-受体激活及 EGFR 酪氨酸激酶抑制剂耐药性等 275 条信号通路;分子对接验证结果显示 3 种挥发油抗 HP 与 SRC 蛋白密切相关,15 个活性成分与关键靶点 SRC 的结合较为稳定。结论 广藿香、牛至、肉桂 3 种活性挥发油通过多成分、多靶点、多通路的形式发挥抗 HP 作用。     

Reassessment of the toxin profile of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3 and function of putative sulfotransferases in synthesis of sulfated and sulfonated PSP toxins

The toxigenic freshwater cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3 has been used as a model to study and elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of tetrahydropurine neurotoxins associated with paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). There are nevertheless several inconsistencies and contradictions in the toxin profile of this strain as published by different research groups, and claimed to include carbamoyl (STX, NEO, GTX2/3), decarbamoyl (dcSTX), and N-sulfocarbamoyl (C1/2, B1) derivatives. Our analysis of the complete genome of another PSP toxin-producing cyanobacterium, Raphidiopsis brookii D9, which is closely related to C. raciborskii T3, resolved many issues regarding the correlation between biosynthetic pathways, corresponding genes and the T3 toxin profile. The putative sxt gene cluster in R. brookii D9 has a high synteny with the T3 sxt cluster, with 100% nucleotide identity among the shared genes. We also compared the PSP toxin profile of the strains by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In contrast to published reports, our reassessment of the PSP toxin profile of T3 confirmed production of only STX, NEO and dcNEO. We gained significant insights via correlation between specific sxt genes and their role in PSP toxin synthesis in both D9 and T3 strains. In particular, analysis of sulfotransferase functions for SxtN (N-sulfotransferase) and SxtSUL (O-sulfotransferase) enzymes allowed us to propose an extension of the PSP toxin biosynthetic pathway from STX to the production of the derivatives GTX2/3, C1/2 and B1. This is a significantly revised view of the genetic mechanisms underlying synthesis of sulfated and sulfonated STX analogues in toxigenic cyanobacteria.     

银杏叶提取物与刺梨配伍抗实验性肝损伤作用

目的：比较复方银杏叶胶囊（CGB）与单方银杏叶提取物（GBE）的保肝作用。方法：用CGB、GBE给小鼠灌胃30d后,腹腔注射CCl4诱发肝损伤,测定小鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）及肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）含量;用H2O2诱导人肝L-02细胞氧化损伤,观察细胞增殖及总抗氧化能力。结果：CGB2．4、0．8和0．4g／kg3个剂量组与模型组比较,小鼠血清ALT、AST明显降低（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）,同时肝匀浆中SOD显著升高、MDA下降（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;CGB组细胞增殖率和总抗氧化能力分别较模型组和单方组显著提高（P〈0．05、P〈0．01）。结论：CGB的抗肝损伤作用优于单方银杏叶提取物。     

Chemopreventive effect of celecoxib in gastric cancer

COX (cyclooxygenase) is one of the key enzymes involved in the synthesis of a variety of prostaglandins (PGs), some of which have been strongly linked to inflammation. One of its two well-known isoforms, COX-2, is an inducible enzyme whose induction and expression is dynamically regulated by growth factors, mitogens, and tumor promoters. Several animal and clinical studies have reported the chemopreventive effect of celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor; and in particular, a few studies have shown that celecoxib prevents the development of gastric cancer. Administration of celecoxib also showed increases in cardiovascular risk and disruption of renal physiology. Therefore, studies hoping to clarify how selective COX-2 inhibitors modulate gastric cancer must keep in mind that coxibs have also been linked to serious cardiovascular events and disruption of renal physiology. Received 12 July 2006; accepted 21 August 2006     

2017—2020年克拉玛依市中心医院抗菌药物使用强度与分离菌耐药性变化情况

目的 分析克拉玛依市中心医院2017—2020年住院患者常见分离菌分布及耐药率的变迁情况,为指导抗菌药物临床合理应用提供依据。方法 收集2017—2020年克拉玛依市中心医院住院患者抗菌药物使用情况及分离菌,分析主要分离菌对常见抗菌药物的耐药率变化趋势。结果 2017—2019克拉玛依市中心医院抗菌药物使用率和使用强度呈下降趋势,4年共有分离菌12 135株,其中革兰阳性菌2 567株,占21.15%;革兰阴性菌6 310株,占52.00%;真菌3 258株,占26.85%。居前5位的分离菌分别是白色假丝酵母菌（19.59%）、大肠埃希菌（16.84%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（13.33%）、鲍曼不动杆菌（8.71%）和铜绿假单胞菌（7.94%）。主要分离菌对常用抗菌药物耐药率总体呈下降趋势,肠杆菌科细菌对临床常用抗菌药物耐药性下降最明显。结论 克拉玛依市中心医院分离菌逐年增加,耐药率有下降趋势,抗菌药物临床应用基本合理,但需完善真菌检测能力。