喉气管异位甲状腺1例

患者女,44岁,因"痰多4年余,反复咽痛2年,夜间呼吸困难2个月"就诊。查体:左侧声门下区可见肿物隆起,堵塞声门约1/2,表面光滑。CT平扫:环状软骨左上部及气管入口处见1.6cm×1.0cm×1.7cm软组织影突入腔内,其下与左侧甲状腺分界不清,病变游离缘光整,CT值62～75HU,气管腔狭窄呈新月状。增强CT:肿物均匀明显强化,CT值380HU,强化     

气管平滑肌瘤一例

患者　男性,38岁,黑龙江籍。因刺激性干咳,间断痰中带鲜血半个月就诊于当地医院,胸部CT检查示隆突上、气管后壁部位气管腔内有一个约12cm×15cm大的实性肿物(图1),CT值52～106HU,诊断为气管良性肿瘤。2周后于2003年7月30日入我院胸外科。纤维支气管镜检查:气管黏膜光滑,隆突上1cm处气管膜部黏膜下有一个直径约1cm大的类圆形肿物,表面光滑,质硬,活动,基底较宽,与气管膜部固定,但气管尚通畅,纤维支气管镜易通过。诊断为气管良性肿瘤,未取活检。于2003年8月8日行气管肿瘤切除术。手术采用全身麻醉,高频通气。先以硬质气管镜探查,见肿物位于…     

甲状腺原发性横纹肌肉瘤1例

患者女, 54岁, 因"发现颈前肿物3个月"入院。查体:甲状腺左叶及峡部可触及质硬肿物, 大小约4 cm, 边界尚清, 无压痛, 随吞咽上下活动。左颈部可触及多枚肿大淋巴结, 较大者约2 cm, 界清, 活动可。颈部超声示:甲状腺左叶显示1个低回声实性肿块, 边界不清, 内部回声不均匀, 内伴斑片状及点状强回声反射, 彩色多普勒血流显像可见点状血流信号, TI-RADS 5类;左颈Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区及Ⅵ区淋巴结肿大。颈部CT检查示:甲状腺左叶及峡部显示1个不规则肿块, 边界不清, 密度不均匀, 平扫CT值约51 HU, 增强扫描呈轻度强化, 三期CT值分别约为:53、73、66 HU, 病灶侵及气管左前壁, 部分突入气管腔内, 考虑恶性(图1A);左颈Ⅱ区、Ⅲ区、Ⅳ区及Ⅵ区多发肿大淋巴结, 增强扫描呈环状强化, 考虑转移(图1B)。术中见肿瘤位于甲状腺左叶及峡部, 侵犯总气管第一环, 并突入气管腔内, 肿瘤与带状肌、环甲肌粘连;左颈Ⅱ～Ⅵ区数枚肿大淋巴结, 囊实性, 质中, 界清。行全甲状腺切除+中央区淋巴结清扫、左颈部淋巴结清扫+气管部分切除并气管造口术。术后病理检查示:甲状腺恶性肿瘤...     

纵隔支气管囊肿1例

患者女,51岁,发现纵隔肿块6年,近1周出现颜面部水肿。胸部CT：上腔静脉后、气管右侧可见类圆形稍高密度肿块影．大小约3．7cm×4．7cm,内部密度不均,CT值63HU,边缘见弧形钙化影,与邻近组织分界尚清（图1）;增强扫描肿块未见明显强化．上腔静脉轻度受压、管腔变窄。气管、纵隔位置居中,胸骨后可见残余胸腺影,心脏大小、形态未见明显异常,两侧胸膜腔内未见积液征象,脾脏见多发结节状钙化影（图2）。     

直肠细胞性神经鞘瘤伴反应性淋巴结增生1例

患者男,80岁,因“便秘伴间断便血7天”就诊。查体:腹部未触及包块,下腹压痛(+),无肌紧张及反跳痛。实验室检查未见明显异常。腹部CT:直肠上段见-5.4 cm×4.2 cm团块状软组织影,边界清,密度较均匀,向腔内外生长,CT值约36 HU(图1A);增强后呈渐进性强化,动脉期CT值约38 HU,静脉期约56 HU(图1B、1C)。诊断为直肠占位性病变,考虑间质瘤可能。行腹腔镜下直肠肿物切除术,术中见黏膜下5.5 cm×3.5 cm×4.0 cm实性隆起肿物。术后病理:直肠肿物质韧,切面呈淡褐色;直肠周围见9枚淋巴结,直径0.2~0.5 cm;光镜下见梭形肿瘤细胞呈束状排列,核深染、大小不等(图1D);免疫组织化学:S-100(+),CD117(-),Ki-67(2%+),CD34(-),SMA(-),Dog-1(-)。病理诊断:直肠细胞性神经鞘瘤(cellular schwannoma,CS),肠周淋巴结反应性增生。     

后纵隔支气管囊肿1例

患者女,27岁,常规体检透视时发现心影后圆形高密度影,无不适感。食管吞钡造影发现食管下段向右侧移位,局部受压,受压处左侧可见6.5cm×5.0cm圆形实变影（图1A）。胸部CT示后纵隔内7.1cm×5.3cm囊性病变,边界清楚,密度较均匀,CT值约5HU,囊壁局部见少许钙化影。增强CT示囊内液性病灶无明显强化,囊壁轻度强化（图1B）。     

肝脏孤立性纤维性肿瘤1例

正患者男,41岁,反复上腹胀2个月。CT(图1):平扫显示肝右叶前下段类圆形肿块影,边界清楚,大小约7.54cm×6.91cm,呈不均匀性稍低密度,CT值30 HU,增强扫描动脉期病灶内可见少许明显强化血管影,肿块整体呈不均匀性轻度强化,CT值45HU,静脉期(CT值51HU)及延迟期(CT值68HU)进一步强化,整体呈不均匀性渐进性强化。MRI(图2):肿块T1WI呈稍低信号,其内可见斑片状更低信号,T2WI呈混杂高信号,可见斑片状或条索状低信号,T2WI压脂     

巨大食管恶性胃肠间质瘤一例

正患者,女,41岁,无诱因进食后哽噎3个月余,伴胸骨后疼痛2周。体格检查和常规血液生化检查无阳性发现。上消化道钡餐检查提示:食管下段钡剂通过稍缓慢,局部管腔向右推移,管腔充盈欠佳,累及段长约8 cm(图1)。胸部增强CT检查提示:左后下纵隔-心隔角处见巨大不规则肿块影,食管管腔推移及偏心性狭窄(图2)。胃镜检查提示:食管距门齿32 cm前壁见一巨大、广基底半球状隆起,表面光滑,中央无溃疡,有黏膜桥     

喉罩通气配合高频通气用于纤支镜下气管狭窄球囊扩张一例

患者,女性,52岁,因"气管切开术后气管狭窄,呼吸困难1周余"入院.2008年11月患者因车祸在当地医院行气管切开术,拔管后渐感呼吸困难.胸部CT示主支气管狭窄.距隆突上方约2 cm.纤维支气管镜检查示:气管切开处管腔内可见缝线突出,气管下端明显狭窄,直径4.8 mm的纤维支气管镜难以通过.三维重建提示狭窄系由疤痕所致,最狭窄处与主动脉弓相邻.根据患者胸部CT及三维气道及血管莺建,狭窄面积约占正常管径的70%.经胸外科、五官科、介入科会诊:该患者良性狭窄无法通过外科手术治疗.拟行纤维支气管镜下球囊扩张术,必要时行电切治疗.     

肾窦孤立性纤维瘤1例

患者女,52岁,因"体检发现右肾窦肿瘤1年"入院。查体未见明显异常。实验室检查空腹血糖3.82mmol/L。CT:平扫见右肾窦不规则等低混杂密度肿块(图1A),边界清,大小约5.8cm×3.7cm×7.5cm,CT值约23~48 HU;增强扫描皮质期病灶不均匀强化(图1B),排泄期病灶强化程度增高、范围扩大(图1C),考虑乏脂型血管平滑肌脂肪瘤可能。于1周后行腹腔镜下根治性右肾切除术。     

维生素D受体在糖尿病肾病足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用

目的探讨维生素D受体(VDR)在糖尿病肾病(DKD)足细胞中的表达水平及在足细胞损伤及蛋白尿缓解中的作用。方法(1)本研究纳入了65例诊断患有2型糖尿病(伴或不伴蛋白尿)的患者,并纳入了25例年龄和性别相匹配的健康体检者为对照组。根据白蛋白/肌酐(ACR)的尿排泄比例对2型糖尿病患者进行分组,分别为无蛋白尿(ACR<30 mg/g,n=24)、微量白蛋白尿(ACR 30~300 mg/g,n=18)和临床蛋白尿(ACR>300 mg/g,n=23)。另选择25例经肾活检确诊的DKD患者作为DKD组。正常肾脏组织标本均取自泌尿外科同一时期肾脏肿瘤切除患者10例。将各组检测指标进行对比,同时采用实时定量PCR、ELISA法和免疫组化法检测VDR在各组患者的血液、尿液样本和肾脏组织中的表达情况,以及使用Pearson相关分析分析VDR与尿蛋白的相关性。(2)在2型糖尿病肾病小鼠模型中对上述结果进行验证,将遗传背景均为C57BLKs/J的雄性db/db小鼠及同窝出生的db/m小鼠,随机分为正常对照组(A组)、DKD对照组(B组)、DKD二甲基亚砜处理组(C组)、DKD帕立骨化醇(VDR激动剂)处理组(D组),C、D组连续腹腔注射处理8周,对照组不做任何处理。小鼠10周龄时开始连续干预8周,在小鼠22周龄(开始干预后12周)检测各组小鼠体重、血、尿生化指标对比;Western印迹法检测β⁃catenin、VDR的变化;免疫荧光观察足细胞标志蛋白podocin及足细胞损伤蛋白α⁃SMA的表达变化。结果(1)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿组、微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者相比,微量白蛋白尿组和临床蛋白尿组的糖尿病患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05)。(2)与正常健康对照组相比,无蛋白尿糖尿病组和DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平均较低(均P<0.05);与无蛋白尿糖尿病组患者相比,DKD组患者血浆中VDR的mRNA和蛋白水平亦较低(均P<0.05)。(3)免疫组化结果显示,DKD组肾组织中VDR的表达明显少于正常对照组。(4)DKD患者血浆中VDR mRNA相对水平与ACR呈负相关(r=-0.342,P<0.05)。(5)各组尿液上清液中VDR的水平与血浆中的水平呈相反趋势。(6)Western印迹结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞β⁃catenin蛋白表达高于D组(均P<0.05),VDR蛋白的表达低于D组(均P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,B组、C组肾小球足细胞podocin的表达低于D组(均P<0.05),α⁃SMA的表达高于D组(均P<0.05)。结论VDR高表达缓解DKD足细胞损伤及蛋白尿。     

Anterior Interosseous Nerve Palsy After Shoulder Arthroscopy Treated With Surgical Decompression: A Case Series and Systematic Review of the Literature

Background: Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy is a very uncommon cause of upper extremity pain and weakness that comprises less than 1% of all upper extremity nerve palsies. Rarely reported but also mentioned in the literature is AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy. Methods: A systematic review of the literature to date using PubMed was conducted to identify patients who suffered AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy procedures. Articles included met the following criteria: (1) published in English; (2) primary presentation of the data; (3) patients had undergone shoulder arthroscopy before developing symptoms of AIN palsy; and (4) diagnosis was confirmed with clinical symptoms of AIN palsy. Measured outcomes included patient demographics, specific shoulder procedure, anesthesia procedure, intra-operative patient positioning, intra-operative compressive dressing, intra-operative traction, surgical versus conservative treatment, abnormal findings during decompression procedure, proposed mechanism of injury, and follow-up. Results: The search yielded 6 articles, of which 4 (13 cases) met inclusion criteria. An additional 2 cases were included in this report totaling 15 cases. The average patient age was 49 years (range: 31-64) with 73% males. At average follow-up of 24 months, 67% of patients experienced complete resolution of symptoms—more than half of which underwent surgical decompression. Patients who failed to progress experienced weakness of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. Conclusions: Proposed injury mechanisms for AIN palsy after shoulder arthroscopy range from mechanical trauma, compressive hematoma, and direct anesthetic neurotoxicity. Management should be directed by clinical symptoms, imaging, and patient factors with majority of patients expected to have excellent clinical outcomes.     

不同尿钙水平的Gitelman综合征患者临床特点比较

目的观察不同尿钙水平Gitelman综合征(GS)患者的临床特点,探讨尿钙在GS疾病临床分型中的价值。方法收集2016—2018年来自中国国家罕见病注册系统(NRSC)、在北京协和医院行SLC12A3基因检测诊断为GS患者的临床资料,分析其尿钙特点,比较不同尿钙水平患者的临床和实验室检查指标。氢氯噻嗪试验按照标准操作流程进行,测定患者基线和用药后3 h内氯离子排泄分数改变量的最大值(ΔFECl)。结果共有83例GS患者被纳入研究,其中低尿钙患者53例(63.86%)。低尿钙组尿钙/肌酐比明显低于非低尿钙组[(0.085±0.058)mmol/mmol比(0.471±0.284)mmol/mmol,t=7.349,P<0.001]。两组患者在年龄、性别、估算肾小球滤过率、血压、血尿电解质水平、代谢性碱中毒方面差异均无统计学意义。低尿钙组患者乏力(χ2=4.595,P=0.032)及多尿(χ2=5.778,P=0.016)发生比例低于非低尿钙组,两组患者在其他临床症状方面差异无统计学意义。低尿钙和非低尿钙组各有16例患者行氢氯噻嗪试验,中位ΔFECl结果分别为0.539%(0.430%,1.283%)和0.829%(0.119%,1.298%),均提示对氢氯噻嗪无反应,组间差异无统计学意义(U=130.000,P=0.956)。结论GS患者中低尿钙比例为63.86%,尿钙水平与疾病临床表型、NCC功能损伤严重程度之间均无明确相关性。     

Role of Conventional and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Spinal Treatment Protocol for Hydatid Disease

Objective:

To demonstrate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in determining the treatment protocol for hydatid disease of the spine.

Design:

Case report; literature review.

Findings:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate complicated infected hydatidosis from abscesses, epidermoid cysts from arachnoid cysts, and benign from malignant vertebral compression fractures. It is also helpful in differentiating between abscesses and necrotic tumors.

Conclusion:

Diffusion-weighted MRI can help differentiate between infections requiring immediate surgery and those that can be treated medically with antihelmintic treatment.     

Fibrinogen-thrombin collagen patch reinforcement of highrisk colonic anastomoses in rats

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of human fibrinogenthrombin collagen patch(TachoSil~?) in the reinforcement of high-risk colon anastomoses.METHODS A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Wistar rats(n = 56) that all underwent high-risk anastomoses(anastomosis with only two sutures) after colectomies. The rats were divided into two randomized groups: Control group(24 rats) and treatment group(24 rats). In the treatment group, high-risk anastomosis was reinforced with TachoSil~? (a piece of Tacho Sil? was applied over this high-risk anastomosis, covering the gap). Leak incidence, overall survival, intra-abdominal adhesions, and histologic healing of anastomoses were analyzed. Survivors were divided into two subgroups and euthanized at 15 and 30 d after intervention in order to analyze the adhesions and histologic changes. RESULTS Overall survival was 71.4% and 57.14% in the TachoSil~? group and control group, respectively(P = 0.29); four rats died from other causes and six rats in the treatment group and 10 in the control group experienced colonic leakage(P 0.05). The intra-abdominal adhesion score was similar in both groups, with no differences between subgroups. We found non-significant differences in the healing process according to the histologic score used in both groups(P = 0.066).CONCLUSION In our study, the use of TachoSil~? was associated with a non-statistically significant reduction in the rate of leakage in high-risk anastomoses. TachoSil~? has been shown to be a safe product because it does not affect the histologic healing process or increase intra-abdominal adhesions.     

Fluorescence in the Sclera,Nails, and Teeth Secondary to Favipiravir Use for COVID-19 Infections

Favipiravir, an antiviral agent originally used for influenza infections, has become popular due to its beneficial signals in coronavirus disease. It is currently used in some countries within COVID-19 treatment protocols. This is an initial report of favipiravir-related fluorescence observed in three healthcare providers working in the same ward in our hospital. All three individuals had been diagnosed with COVID-19 two months earlier and were treated with favipiravir. None of the three individuals received hydroxychloroquine or tetracyclines. Wood’s light examination led to an incidental discovery of favipiravir-induced fluorescence involving the sclera, nails, and teeth. In all patients, white linear, square, and band-like specks of fluorescence were noticed on the sclera of both eyes, some teeth, and the proximal part of all fingernails and toenails. Exposure of the eyes to the Wood’s light was for a brief duration of 3 to 5 seconds during examination and photodocumentation. Favipiravir might cause bright white fluorescence of nails, sclera, and teeth, detectable by Wood’s light even two months after its cessation.     

Safety and tolerability of single intravenous doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium in healthy volunteers

BACKGROUND: Sugammadex rapidly reverses rocuronium- and vecuronium-induced neuromuscular block. To investigate the effect of combination of sugammadex and rocuronium or vecuronium on QT interval, it would be preferable to avoid the interference of anaesthesia. Therefore, this pilot study was performed to investigate the safety, tolerability, and plasma pharmacokinetics of single i.v. doses of sugammadex administered simultaneously with rocuronium or vecuronium to anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized healthy volunteers. METHODS: In this phase I study, 12 subjects were anaesthetized with propofol/remifentanil and received sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) combined with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1); four subjects were not anaesthetized and received sugammadex 32 mg kg(-1) with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) (n=2 per treatment). Neuromuscular function was assessed by TOF-Watch SX monitoring in anaesthetized subjects and by clinical tests in non-anaesthetized volunteers. Sugammadex, rocuronium, and vecuronium plasma concentrations were measured at several time points. RESULTS: No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. Fourteen subjects reported 23 AEs after study drug administration. Episodes of mild headache, tiredness, cold feeling (application site), dry mouth, oral discomfort, nausea, increased aspartate aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels, and moderate injection site irritation were considered as possibly related to the study drug. The ECG and vital signs showed no clinically relevant changes. Rocuronium/vecuronium plasma concentrations declined faster than those of sugammadex. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose administration of sugammadex 16, 20, or 32 mg kg(-1) in combination with rocuronium 1.2 mg kg(-1) or vecuronium 0.1 mg kg(-1) was well tolerated with no clinical evidence of residual neuromuscular block, confirming that these combinations can safely be administered simultaneously to non-anaesthetized subjects. Rocuronium and vecuronium plasma concentrations decreased faster than those of sugammadex, reducing the theoretical risk of neuromuscular block developing over time.     

罗伊适应模式对腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响

目的探讨罗伊适应模式对患者腹股沟疝无张力疝修补术后恢复情况的影响。 方法将2016年1月至2019年5月在秦皇岛市第二医院择期进行无张力修补术治疗的120例腹股沟疝患者，按照随机数字法分为对照组和观察组，每组各60例。对照组采用常规护理治疗，观察组在对照组的基础上采用罗伊适应模式。比较2组患者的术后临床指标、心理状态、围手术期并发症发生情况及满意度。 结果术后观察组患者的首次排气时间、恢复正常饮食时间、离床活动时间和术后住院时间均低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后观察组患者的抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；术后2组患者均无切口感染发生，2组患者尿潴留、急性疼痛、认知功能障碍、发热、血肿等发生率相比无统计学差异（P>0.05）；术后观察组患者护理满意度为96.67%，显著高于对照组的83.33%（P<0.05）。 结论在常规护理的基础上，罗伊适应模式用于患者腹股沟疝无张力修补围手术期，能有效改善术后患者的焦虑/抑郁情绪，不增加围手术期并发症，促进术后患者的恢复及提高治疗满意度。     

Factors Associated With Reoperation After Silicone Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty

Background: Silicone proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty has a high revision rate. It has been suggested that persistent ulnar deviation and joint instability influence the durability of PIP silicone arthroplasties. The goal of this study was to evaluate what factors are associated with reoperation after silicone PIP arthroplasty. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated all adult patients who underwent PIP silicone arthroplasty between 2002 and 2016 at one institutional system for inflammatory-, posttraumatic-, and primary degenerative arthritis. After manual chart review, we included 91 patients who underwent 114 arthroplasties. Fingers operated included 14 index, 41 middle, 38 ring, and 21 small fingers. Results: The overall reoperation rate was 14% (n = 16). Non-Caucasian race (P = .040), smoking (P = .022) and PIP silicone arthroplasty for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (P = .021) were associated with reoperation. The 1-, 5- and 10-year implant survival rates were 87%, 85%, and 85%, respectively. Conclusion: Caution should be exercised when considering PIP silicone arthroplasty of the index finger or in patients with post-traumatic osteoarthritis. It may be worthwhile addressing smoking behavior before pursuing silicone PIP arthroplasty.     

血浆凝血因子VIII水平与IgA肾病患者临床病理改变及预后的关系

目的探讨血浆凝血因子VIII(factor VIII,FVIII)水平与IgA肾病(IgAN)患者临床参数及预后的关系。方法收集2016年1月至2016年12月中南大学湘雅二医院确诊的IgAN患者的临床资料。按照时间依赖的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)得出的血浆FVIII预测IgAN预后的临界值,将患者分为高FVIII组(FVIII>140.50%)和低FVIII组(FVIII≤140.50%),比较两组患者肾活检时基线临床参数的差异。以估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)下降≥30%或进入终末期肾脏病(ESRD)为终点事件,采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线及Cox回归方程法分析血浆FVIII水平对IgAN患者预后的影响。结果共93例IgAN患者纳入本研究,中位随访时间为35.15(33.77,36.76)个月,12例(12.90%)患者发生终点事件。高FVIII组患者年龄、血肌酐、尿素氮、血三酰甘油、血总胆固醇、血浆纤维蛋白原、D-二聚体、24 h尿蛋白量、蛋白C、蛋白S和eGFR下降速率高于低FVIII组(均P<0.05);eGFR、血白蛋白、中位随访时间低于低FVIII组(均P<0.05)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,与低FVIII组比较,高FVIII组患者肾脏累积生存率降低(χ2=5.635,P=0.018)。在校正收缩压、eGFR、尿蛋白、肾小管萎缩/间质纤维化程度等因素后,多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素(HR=4.147,95%CI 1.055~16.308,P=0.042)。结论血浆FVIII水平与IgAN患者临床指标及预后相关,高血浆FVIII水平是IgAN患者肾脏预后不良的独立危险因素。