中枢神经系统成血管细胞瘤的MRI诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨中枢神经系统成血管细胞瘤的MRI影像特征及鉴别诊断.材料和方法:回顾性分析22例经手术病理证实的成血管细胞瘤之MRI表现.结果:22例共检出50个病灶.5例为多发病灶.40个病灶位于双侧小脑及蚓部,9个病灶位于延髓及脊髓,1个病灶位于幕上.12个病灶呈大囊小结节型,36个为实质型,2个单纯囊型.囊性病灶T1WI囊液呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号;壁结节T1WI呈稍低或等信号,T2WI呈稍高和高信号改变.实质型病灶T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高或高信号改变.增强扫描壁结节和实质肿块明显增强,灌注成像可见壁结节和实性肿块呈明显高灌注表现.结论:成血管细胞瘤之MRI有特征性表现,MRI增强扫描及灌注成像有助于诊断和鉴别诊断.     

小脑血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现及其病理探讨

目的 分析小脑血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现与病理特点,探讨二者之间的关系.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实的32例小脑血管母细胞瘤,探讨其MRI表现和病理特点.结果 MRI表现大囊小结节型21例,实质型9例,囊性型2例.T1 WI上肿瘤囊性部分呈均一低信号,实性部分或瘤结节呈稍低或等信号;T2WI及FLAIR上肿瘤囊性部分呈均一高信号,实性部分或瘤结节呈稍高信号;增强后实性部分或瘤结节明显强化.病理表现实性部分或瘤结节主要由基质细胞构成,囊性部分主要由毛细血管网构成.结论 小脑血管母细胞瘤具有典型的MRI表现,且与其病理基础密切相关.MRI是诊断小脑血管母细胞瘤的有效检查方法.     

脊髓血管母细胞瘤的MRI诊断与鉴别诊断

目的探讨脊髓血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现特征。方法回顾性分析8例经手术和病理证实的脊髓血管母细胞瘤的临床及MRI检查资料。结果6例单发,2例多发,所有病灶均位于脊髓内,颈髓及胸髓各5个,肿瘤多呈点状或结节状、香肠状、葫芦形或不规则形,壁结节MRT1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,增强后肿瘤呈显著强化,肿瘤常继发囊肿或大范围脊髓空洞以及水肿,大于lcm的肿瘤内部及周围常见流空血管影。结论脊髓血管母细胞瘤的MRI影像表现具有特征性,掌握这些MRI表现有利于提高脊髓血管母细胞瘤的诊断正确性。     

血管母细胞瘤的影像诊断

目的 探讨血管母细胞瘤的影像特征,提高其诊断准确率.方法 回顾性分析47例经病理证实为血管母细胞瘤患者的影像资料.结果 囊结节型26例;实质型17例;单纯囊型4例.壁结节CT呈等密度,MR T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号;增强后肿瘤实质成分显著强化,囊壁大多无强化.强化的附壁结节与未强化的囊壁,构成戒指征.5例壁结节内囊变,呈现大囊套小囊征象.23例肿瘤内部或周围显示血管流空信号.结论 血管母细胞瘤具有较典型的CT和MRI征象.     

后颅窝血管母细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的:探讨后颅窝血管母细胞瘤MRI表现,提高对本病的诊断水平。方法:回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的后颅窝血管母细胞瘤58例的MRI表现。结果:58 例 68 个病灶,囊性病灶 48 个,典型表现为大囊伴富血供附壁小结节,壁结节常位于靠近脑表面壁上。实质型20个,肿瘤组织在 T1WI常呈略低或等信号,T2WI明显高信号,瘤内或瘤周可见异常扩张血管流空信号。增强扫描有助于病灶检出和定性诊断。结论:后颅窝血管母细胞瘤 MRI表现具有特征性,术前诊断是可能的,但需与毛细胞型星形细胞瘤、脑膜瘤、转移瘤、脑动静脉畸形鉴别。     

小脑血管母细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的:研究小脑血管母细胞瘤的MRI表现,并探讨其临床诊断价值.方法:搜集经MRI诊断及手术病理证实的小脑血管母细胞瘤37例,男性25例,女性12例,年龄8～62岁.所有病例均行MRI平扫和增强扫描,以及液体衰减反转恢复成像(FLAIR).结果:肿瘤的活性部分于FLAIR和T2WI呈高信号,增强后明显强化;T1WI肿瘤囊性部分呈均匀低信号、肿瘤壁结节呈稍低信号或等信号.MRI表现为囊壁结节型28例(75.7%),实质型5例(13.5%),囊旁结节型4例(10.8%).结论:小脑血管母细胞瘤发生部位、形态对诊断有一定价值,MRI是诊断小脑血管母细胞瘤的可靠方法,MRI增强扫描对小脑血管母细胞瘤的诊断具有重要的价值.     

幕上血管母细胞瘤的影像诊断

目的探讨幕上血管母细胞瘤的影像特征,提高对其诊断准确率。资料与方法回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的幕上血管母细胞瘤患者的影像资料。男5例,女3例,年龄15～53岁,平均26.2岁。8例均行CT平扫,其中7例行MRI平扫及增强扫描。结果单发肿瘤7例,另1例有2个瘤灶。肿瘤分型:大囊小结节型5例,单纯囊型2例,实质型1例。肿瘤囊腔:CT平扫低密度6例,高密度1例;6例MR平扫T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号。肿瘤壁结节:CT均呈等密度,T1WI呈等信号,T2WI呈稍高信号,液体衰减反转恢复(FLAIR)呈高信号;在增强MRI上,壁结节及实质性肿块均呈明显均匀强化,囊壁强化3例,可见印戒征。3例肿瘤周围可见流空血管,MRA显示瘤周增多、增粗、迂曲的动脉血管。结论幕上血管母细胞瘤的CT、MRI表现有一定特征性。     

脑内节细胞胶质瘤的MRI征象分析

目的 分析脑内节细胞胶质瘤的MRI征象特点.方法 回顾性分析11例经手术和病理证实的脑内节细胞胶质瘤患者的MRI表现.结果 肿瘤位于幕上9例:其中单侧颞叶2例,单侧额叶5例,脑室内1例,另有1例呈弥散性分布,病灶累及多个脑叶;位于幕下2例,均位于单侧小脑半球.11例病例中3 例为实性+囊性型,5例为完全实性型,3例为囊性+囊壁结节型.肿瘤直径从2～9 cm不等.MRI表现有一致性:(1) T1WI囊性部分呈低信号,实性部分呈等或低信号;T2WI囊性部分呈高信号,实性部分呈等或高信号;(2) Gd-DTPA增强扫描实性部分及附壁结节肿瘤轻度或明显强化,囊壁强化或部分不强化.结论 MRI检查可以清楚地显示肿瘤的部位、形态、大小及其与周围组织结构的关系,因此对脑内节细胞胶质瘤的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要的价值,可为临床提供术前信息.     

颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤的MRI诊断

目的 :分析颅内毛细胞型星形细胞瘤(PA)的MRI图像特征,以提高该病的影像学诊断准确率。方法 :回顾性分析22例经手术及病理证实的颅内PA的MRI资料,并与手术病理结果进行对比。结果:22例均为单发,病变位于小脑12例,大脑半球6例,鞍区2例,右颞叶2例。其中囊肿型6例,囊肿结节型10例,实质型6例。MRI平扫囊性部分T_1WI呈低信号、T_2WI呈高信号;实性部分T_1WI呈等信号6例,稍低信号10例,T_2WI呈等信号4例,稍高信号12例,DWI呈等信号7例,低信号9例。MRI增强扫描肿瘤实性部分及壁结节呈不同程度强化,其中明显强化4例,轻度强化6例,无强化6例,囊性部分无强化。2例肿瘤周边伴中度水肿。结论:颅内PA以囊性和囊实性多见。MRI图像以强化性壁结节为特征,DWI示肿瘤实体部分具有高扩散性,肿瘤实性部分血管丰富。囊实性病灶呈"囊内有瘤、瘤内有囊"的特点,这些特征可为临床诊断该病提供影像学支持。     

不典型髓母细胞瘤的MRI征象探讨

目的 探讨不典型髓母细胞瘤的MRI征象,以提高对该病影像学表现的认识.方法 回顾性分析14例经手术及病理证实的不典型髓母细胞瘤患者的MRI资料.结果 12例位于小脑半球,2例位于桥小脑角区;11例为实性肿瘤,1例为大囊小结节,3例为囊实性;病灶周围水肿为无～轻度,多有不同程度的幕上脑积水;T1WI上呈等至稍低信号,T2WI及液体衰减反转恢复(FLIAR)序列表现为等至稍高信号可见大小不等的片状囊变区及坏死区,未见出血信号;增强扫描呈轻度至明显强化,囊变坏死区不强化;6例见“脑膜尾征”.结论 不典型髓母细胞瘤的MRI表现多样,结合患者发病部位、年龄以及病灶MRI信号特点,能在排除性诊断后将不典型随母细胞瘤纳入诊断范围,提高该病术前诊断正确率.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.