低剂量对比剂双能量肺灌注成像评估肺动脉内血栓与灌注缺损间的关系

目的:应用双源CT低剂量对比剂双能量肺灌注成像评估急性肺动脉栓塞患者血管内血栓与肺灌注缺损间的关系,以提高对肺动脉栓塞诊断的准确性。方法:随机选择无肺动脉栓塞患者的低剂量与常规剂量双能量肺灌注成像各15例,对比分析其图像质量;收集20例疑肺动脉栓塞患者行低剂量双能量肺灌注成像;同时获得肺动脉CTA及肺灌注图像。分析肺动脉内有无血栓,以及血栓的部位、数量及形态特征。用双能量肺灌注分析软件判断有无灌注缺损及缺损的部位、形态及范围。对比分析并统计肺动脉内血栓与肺灌注缺损间的关系。结果:肺动脉栓塞患者的低剂量与常规剂量双能量肺灌注成像质量无明显差异(P>0.05)。20例疑似病例中,15例诊断为肺动脉栓塞,其中13例患者肺灌注图像中出现102个肺叶、肺段、或亚段灌注缺损,4例共6个灌注缺损CTA无明确血栓;11例肺动脉CTA显示43个血栓,其中9例血栓与灌注缺损同时存在,2例CTA共5个血栓肺内无灌注缺损。75个灌注缺损与栓塞肺动脉供血范围一致,21个灌注缺损(8段、13亚段)与肺动脉供血范围无关。结论:综合分析双源CT低剂量双能量肺灌注图与CTPA,可以提高肺动脉栓塞诊断的准确性。     

双源CT双能量肺灌注成像在可疑肺栓塞患者的初步应用

目的 评价双源CT双能量肺灌注成像(DEPI)在可疑肺栓塞(PE)患者的临床诊断价值.资料与方法 19例临床拟诊PE的患者在双源CT上行对比增强双能量模式扫描.利用双能量分析软件(Lung PBV)分析.以肺叶为单位,记录DEPI和CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)上PE的数目和位置.以CTPA为参照标准,评价DEPI诊断PE的敏感性和特异性.分析DEPI上肺灌注异常的范围与心血管测量参数的关系.结果 19例共行20次DECT扫描,共有98个肺叶纳入分析.10例未检出PE,9例确诊为PE,23个肺叶的肺动脉内可见充盈缺损.以CTPA为参照标准,两位医师利用DEPI诊断PE的敏感性、特异性分别为96%、96%和82%、95%.PE患者肺灌注异常的范围似与右室功能障碍有关.结论 利用双源CT双能量模式扫描可同时获得全肺的解剖和功能信息,在PE的诊断和随访中有较高的临床价值.     

双源 CT 肺栓塞探测软件及能量灌注成像对外周型肺栓塞的诊断价值

目的：探索双源 CT 后处理软件在外周型肺栓塞诊断中的价值。方法对150例可疑肺栓塞患者进行扫描,20例患者符合标准。扫描数据采用肺栓塞分析软件(PED)、双能量肺灌注成像(DEPI)及肺动脉成像(CTPA)对图像重建,分别由2名高年资血管专业诊断医师对 PED 图、DEPI 图及 CTPA 图进行分析,根据诊断标准,分别记录由 PED 图、CTPA 图诊断的肺段及亚段动脉肺栓子位置、数目,计算显示率并评价其统计学差异;同时评价 PED 图与 DEPI 图对肺段动脉肺栓塞诊断一致性。结果 CTPA图共发现30处段动脉及40处亚段动脉内存在血栓,其检出率为7.50%及5.00%,PED 图共发现48处段动脉及62处亚段动脉内存在血栓,其检出率为12.00%及7.75%,CTPA 图与 PED 图存在显著的统计学差异(χ2=4.60、5.06,P <0.05)。以 PED 图诊断结果为参考标准,Kappa 系数=0.94,一致性极好。在 PED 图发现48处段动脉肺栓塞中,13处完全性栓塞,DEPI 图显示10例出现灌注缺损,3例出现灌注稀疏;35处不完全性肺栓塞,2例灌注缺损,29例出现灌注稀疏,4例无明显灌注改变。结论双源 CT肺栓塞探测软件联合能量灌注成像能够明显提高外周型肺栓塞的诊断率,具有较高的实用性及临床价值。     

兔实验性急性肺栓塞双源双能量CT与3.0T MR肺动脉成像联合肺灌注成像的对照研究

目的 评价双源双能量CT与3.0TMR诊断家兔急性肺栓塞的准确性.材料与方法 经股静脉注人明胶海绵栓子制作家兔急性肺动脉栓塞模型,栓塞后2h行双能量CT及MRI,得到CT肺动脉图像(CTPA)、双能量肺灌注图像(DEPI)及MR肺动脉图像(MRPA)和MR肺灌注图像(MRPP).以肺叶为单位,记录栓塞的数目和部位.以病理学为金标准,计算上述方法诊断肺栓塞的敏感性、特异性和一致性.结果 CTPA、DEPI检测肺动脉栓塞的敏感性分别为95.8%、95.8%;特异性分别为94.1%、90.2%;MRPA和MRPP的敏感性和特异性分别为83.3%、90.2%;37.5%、98%.CTPA与DEPI对急性肺动脉栓塞检测的吻合度非常好(Kappa值=0.971,P<0.001),DECT(CTPA和DEPI联合)与MRPA对急性肺动脉栓塞检测的吻合度较好(Kappa值=0.796,P<0.001).对于诊断急性肺动脉栓塞DECT与MRPA的差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);但DEPI诊断肺栓塞的准确性(92%)高于MRPP(78.7%),差别有统计学意义(P<0.001).结论 双源CT诊断家兔实验性急性肺动脉栓塞的敏感性略高于MRPA,但差别无统计学意义;DEPI显示肺栓塞所致的灌注缺损优于MRPP.     

双源CT双能量肺灌注成像诊断急性肺栓塞的实验研究

目的 评价双源CT(DSCT)双能量肺灌注成像(DEPI)的可行件及其诊断急性实验性肺栓塞的价值.方法 对8只新两兰白兔制备成急性肺栓塞模型的前、后行DSCT平妇及双能量增强扣描,并进行数据后处理,分别得到CT解剖图像(CTPA)、DEPI及两者融合图像,观察肺动脉内有无栓子,分析栓塞前、后的肺灌注影像表现;进行家兔肺大体病理解剖和镜下观察.计算CTPA、DEPI及融合图像的诊断敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV).应用Kappa系数评价两种检查结果的一致性.结果 7只兔模型制作成功,1只因肺内导管头影响图像评价而排除;6只兔30个肺时数据可用于分析.病理共发现18个肺叶栓塞阳件,12个阴性.与正常肺组织相比,肺柃塞区域DEPI表现为灌注不良或缺损,CTPA表现为相应肺动脉中断或充盈缺损.CTPA诊断的敏感度、特异度、PPV、NPV分别为66.7%(12/18)、100.0%(12/12)、100.0%(12/12)、66.7%(12/18),与病理结果吻合度一般(Kappa=0.651);DEPI诊断的敏感度、特异度、PPV、NPV分别为88.9%(16/18)、91.7%(11/12)、94.1%(16/17)、84.6%(11/13),与病理结果吻合度较强(Kappa=0.795).融合图像结果与DEPI一致.结论 DSCT的DEPI能够反映兔肺部『『fL流分布情况,对肺栓塞的诊断有较高的敏感度,并与病理结果有较强的一致性.     

CT肺动脉成像诊断肺栓塞的读片者一致性研究

目的:评价CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)诊断肺栓塞(PE)时,不同经验的读片者间和同一读片者内的一致性.方法:55例临床可疑PE患者,作了CTPA检查,6位不同经验的放射科医生独立地分析CTPA图像来评价读片者间的一致性.3位放射科医生3个月后第二次分析CTPA图像来评价读片者内的一致性.PE的表现分为阳性、阴性和难以确定.读片者一致性用百分比及Kappa系数表示.结果:6位读片者判定29～31例(平均29.2例)患者CTPA为PE阳性,1～5例(平均3.0例)患者CTPA为难以确定.6位读片者在48例(87.3%)患者CTPA的诊断上取得一致意见,5位读片者在4例患者(7.3%)的诊断上取得一致意见,4位读片者在2例患者(3.6%)的诊断上取得一致意见,3位读片者在1例患者(1.8%)的诊断上取得一致意见.在诊断PE上,如果以每例患者为观察单位,读片者间的一致性"非常好"(Kappa值为0.91).以每个肺动脉为观察单位,读片者间的一致性"好"(85%,Kappa值为0.74);以肺叶动脉为观察单位,读片者间的一致性"好"(89%,Kappa值为0.78);以肺段动脉为观察单位,读片者间的一致性"中等"(75%,Kappa值为0.59).如果以每例患者为观察单位,同一读片者内的平均一致性"非常好"(96%,Kappa值为0.93).结论:在CTPA上诊断PE时,经验不同的读片者间和同一读片者内的一致性均较好.     

多层螺旋CT对肺栓塞影像表现及与其严重性关系的评价

目的 评价多层螺旋CT肺栓塞影像表现及与其严重性的关系.资料与方法 回顾性分析104例临床诊断肺栓塞患者的临床及影像学资料,测量心血管参数:主肺动脉直径、右心室短轴最大径(RVMSA)、左心室短轴最大径(LVMSA)及RVMSA/LVMSA比值,计算CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)阻塞指数,评价CTPA上栓子的形态和与双能量CT(DECT)上灌注缺损的关系及CTPA阻塞指数与心血管测量参数的关系.结果 104例中,32例因图像丢失(n=10)、CTPA图像欠佳,不满足测量要求(n=9)或未行CTPA检查(n=13),故只对72例患者的影像学资料进行分析评价.完全闭塞型肺栓塞DECT表现为整个肺叶灌注降低或某个肺段灌注缺损,部分闭塞型DECT表现为灌注降低或正常.CT阻塞指数与心血管测量参数具有一定的相关性(P<0.05),以CT阻塞指数与RVMSA/LVMSA比值相关性最高(r=0.519,P<0.001).结论 肺灌注异常与否取决于肺动脉栓塞的程度;CT肺动脉阻塞指数可用于评价肺栓塞的严重性.     

肺通气/灌注显像与多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影诊断慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的前瞻性对比研究

目的 比较肺V/Q显像与多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)对慢性血栓栓塞性PAH(CTEPH)的诊断效能.方法 2006年1月至2010年12月间疑诊为CTEPH的PAH患者133例[男54例、女79例,15～78(43.1±14.9)岁]均在7d内接受肺V/Q显像、CTPA和肺动脉造影检查.以肺动脉造影为“金标准”,评价其他2种方法诊断准确性.V/Q显像结果包括CTEPH高度可能性、中度可能性和低度可能性;CTPA结果包括CTEPH阳性、阴性及不能诊断.应用Kappa检验分析这2种方法诊断结果的一致性.结果 其中51例患者被最终确诊为CTEPH(38.3％);其余82例中,60例诊断为IPAH,19例诊断为肺血管炎,3例为房间隔缺损.以CTEPH高度可能性作为阳性标准时,V/Q显像的诊断灵敏度为96.1％(49/51),特异性为75.6％(62/82),准确性为83.5％(111/133);以CTEPH高度和中度可能性均作为阳性标准时,V/Q显像的诊断灵敏度为100％(51/51),特异性为73.2％(60/82),准确性为83.5％(111/133).CTPA的诊断灵敏度为92.2％(47/51),特异性为92.7％(76/82),准确性为92.5％(123/133).V/Q显像以CTEPH高度可能性作为阳性标准时,V/Q显像与CTPA的诊断符合率为80.5％(107/133),Kappa=0.612,P＜0.001.结论 对于CTEPH的诊断,V/Q显像灵敏度较高;而CTPA则特异性较高,且对肺血管炎等其他PAH疾病鉴别力较好.两者结合可能有助于提高对CTEPH诊断的准确性.     

肺通气/灌注显像在慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压诊断中的临床价值

目的 探讨肺通气/灌注(V/Q)显像在慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)诊断中的临床价值.方法 回顾性分析临床怀疑CTEPH的76例患者(男46例,女30例,年龄27～84岁)的肺V/Q断层显像结果,与CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)检查结果进行比较.分别计算核素显像与CTPA诊断CTEPH的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,并应用SPSS 11.5软件行x2检验,对2种方法诊断效能进行比较.同时对CTEPH患者V/Q显像受累肺段的分布进行分析.结果 临床最终确诊CTEPH 47例(肺动脉造影或病史结合影像学检查结果确诊),非CTEPH 29例.V/Q显像对CTEPH的诊断灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为97.9％(46/47)、86.2％ (25/29)、93.4％(71/76)、92.0％(46/50)和96.2％ (25/26),CTPA的检查对应结果分别为78.7％ (37/47)、93.1％ (27/29)、84.2％ (64/76)、94.9％ (37/39)和73.0％(27/37),V/Q显像的灵敏度(x2=5.818,P=0.012)和阴性预测值(x2=5.693,P=0.017)均高于CTPA.V/Q显像可以对CTEPH和特发性PAH及遗传性PAH进行鉴别诊断:CTEPH患者灌注显像呈肺叶、肺段分布的稀疏缺损区,而通气显像基本正常,特发性及遗传性PAH灌注显像则表现为不呈肺段分布的多发、散在的“斑片状”稀疏缺损区或血流灌注基本正常.在47例CTEPH患者的940个肺段中,肺灌注断层显像共检出585个(62.2％)受累肺段,平均每例患者有12.4个肺段受累,右肺受累比例明显高于左肺[36.2％ (340/940)与26.1％ (245/940);x2=40.85,P＜0.01].结论 V/Q显像在CTEPH的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有较高的临床应用价值.V/Q显像正常可排除CTEPH的诊断;而在临床高度怀疑CTEPH、CTPA与肺动脉造影检查均为阴性时,V/Q显像对CTEPH的诊断具有重要意义.     

双源CT双能量肺灌注成像对肺栓塞的诊断和临床应用价值

目的:探讨双源CT双能量肺灌注成像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断和临床应用价值。方法:对疑诊肺动脉栓塞的78名患者行双源CT肺动脉成像双能量扫描,数据经后处理得到肺动脉血管图像(CTA)和肺灌注图像(PBV)。两位医师对PBV图像进行质量评价和分型,同时观察CTA图像有无栓塞以及栓塞的部位、程度。分析PBV图像的表现与CTA图像、肺部异常改变的关系。用Kappa系数检验两位观察者对PBV图像质量评价和分型的一致性,计算PBV图像诊断肺栓塞的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值。结果:两位医师对肺灌注图像质量的分级以及肺灌注图像的分型一致性极强,K值分别为0.87、0.80,P值均<0.01。PBV图像诊断肺栓塞的敏感度为95.30%,特异度为56.40%,阳性预测值为70.70%,阴性预测值为91.20%。对于完全栓塞的患者,其敏感度和特异度均为100%。结论:双源CT双能量肺灌注成像能够显示肺动脉栓塞导致肺血流改变的肺灌注异常。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.