道路交通事故伤骨折特点与致伤机制

道路交通事故伤骨折特点与致伤机制侯树勋章亚东道路交通事故伤中骨折的发生率极高［１，２］，其骨折类型具有与其他创伤性骨折不同的特点，且与致伤机制有密切关系．笔者对此进行了调查分析，以期对交通事故伤的研究提供参考．临床资料本组道路交通事故伤６４６例，发生...     

口腔颌面部外伤536例临床分析

目的探讨颌面损伤患者的临床流行病学特点。方法对2004年7月～2011年6月本院口腔科收治的536例颌面外伤患者的病例资料进行统计分析。结果 536例口腔颌面部外伤患者,男女比例为3.74∶1,20～40岁为发病的高峰期,交通事故在致伤原因中居第一位,占50.10%;颌面部骨折中,下颌骨骨折168例,占31.34%,其次是颧骨、上颌骨骨折;颅脑损伤是颌面骨折最常见的合并伤。结论男性青壮年为颌面部损伤高发人群,交通事故是颌面部损伤的主要原因,下颌骨为骨折多发部位,颅脑损伤为颌面部损伤最严重、最常见的合并伤。     

三种创伤严重度评分对颌面创伤评估的比较

目的 研究并比较了三种颌面创伤严重度评分方法,筛选出一种更符合专科特点的颌面创伤评分方法。方法 从1159例颌面创伤患者中选出伤后院前时间≤30天、病例资料完整的患者984例,分别以骨折处数和损伤部位分组,用ISS、RFISS和MISS法进行评分,用SPSS统计软件分析。结果 MISS法较RFISS法和ISS法更能准确地区分颌面单处伤和多处伤,对不同部位的颌面部损伤MISS法评估更有临床意义。结论 MISS法可以从颌面创伤功能损害的角度客观准确地评价颌面创伤,对治疗方法的选择和预后的评估更有临床指导意义。     

231例面中部骨折的临床研究

目的 探讨面中部骨折的发生机制及治疗特点。方法 以我院口腔颌面外科1981－2000年资料完整的面中部骨折患者231例为研究对象，进行性别及年龄分布、致伤原因、骨折类型、合并伤、治疗方法等方面的分析研究。结果 231例中，男195例，女36例，男女之比为5．4：1。高峰年龄段为20－40岁，占63．6％（147／231）。交通伤占56．3％（130／231），为主要致伤原因。以上颌骨折最多，占全部骨折的42．2％（206／488）；在合并伤中以眼外伤的发生率最高（29．4％，68／231）；经切开复位内固定治疗125例，占54．1％（125／231）。结论 面中部骨折最常见致伤原因是交通伤；最好发人群是20－40岁男性；最好发部位是上颌骨；最常用的治疗方法是切开复位、坚固内固定。     

颌面部交通伤分析与处理

目的：提高颌面交通伤救治水平．方法：总结近３年我院收治颌面部交通伤１７８例的救治经验，采用ＩＣＤ－９编码、ＩＳＳ评分和ＡＩＳ分级进行病种、伤情和伤因分析．结果：交通事故所致颌面伤仍占首位，发生率有明显增高趋势；ＩＳＳ评分大多不超过１６分，ＡＩＳ分级多小于４级；救治成功率为１００％．结论：笔者总结的颌面部交通伤伤情判断、急救和早期处理、相关并发症和后遗症的处理原则与经验，对正确救治颌面部交通伤有借鉴意义．     

106例颌面部火器伤伤情分析

分析１０６例颌面颈部火器伤的伤因、伤道、骨折的特点，由于投射物速度高能量大，致伤时可产生较大的瞬时空腔，不仅有原发伤道的损伤，而且有周围组织的间接损伤，甚至远隔脏器的损伤，损伤广泛而严重，在同一伤员，不同部位伤情，伤型也不相同，多发伤多，伤道曲折，盲管伤多，污染严重，感染率高的特点，临床救治时应注意。     

不同致伤原因重症胸外伤的临床特点及救治

目的　探讨不同致伤原因所致的重症胸外伤临床特点及其救治。方法　对 2 37例重症胸外伤(AIS≥ 3)病人的致伤原因、胸部伤及合并伤伤情特点、并发症发生率等进行回顾性对比分析。结果　重症胸外伤以男性青壮年多见 ,交通事故伤为其最常见原因 ,较其它致伤原因更易引起颅脑和腹部脏器损伤 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;胸部穿透性锐器伤一般合并血气胸 ,且休克发生率以及肺挫伤、浮动胸壁发生率较高。结论　应对不同致伤原因引起的重症胸外伤分别进行重点救治     

交通事故致髋臼骨折的研究进展

随着经济的发展和交通事业的日渐发达,交通事故所致髋臼损伤的发病率逐年升高。交通伤是指交通工具运行过程中导致的人身伤亡,其创伤特点是范围广、失血量多、伴有多器官损伤、治疗复杂。本文系统回顾了交通伤所致的髋臼损伤发病原因、分布、特点、临床治疗和术后并发症等,以帮助指导治疗交通事故致髋臼骨折患者,提高治疗效果。     

重型闭合性颅脑损伤病例流行病学特点分析

目的分析临床重型闭合性颅脑损伤的流行病学特点和损伤分布规律。方法收集近年来入院治疗的重型闭合性颅脑损伤病人资料，进行分类统计分析。结果交通事故是闭合性颅脑损伤的主要原因，可导致额、颞、顶及枕多部位损伤。颅脑损伤病人以年轻人为主，男性明显多于女性。额部受力时，额叶脑挫裂伤发生率最高；顶部受撞击可致明显的脑干挫裂伤；枕部受撞时表现出明显的额、颞叶对冲伤。结论交通事故是颅脑损伤的主要原因，随受力部位的不同颅脑损伤也发生相应变化。     

交通事故与高处坠落致骨伤特点分析

目的 探讨交通事故与高处坠落致骨伤的特点及其差异。方法 对669例交通事故与308例高处坠落致骨伤病例进行比较分析,全部病人用创伤改良评分法(RISS)评估损伤程度,所得数据运用x^2检验进行统计学处理。结果 交通事故所致骨伤的损伤部位及伤情程度与车辆撞击方式、车辆类型、车速等因素有关;高处坠落伤的损伤部位和伤情程度取决于坠落高度、着地姿势、地面性质、年龄及体重等因素。本组交通事故以开放性损伤居多,锁骨、肋骨骨折所占比率较大,四肢骨折以左侧肢体更为常见。高处坠落以多发性损伤更为突出,常伴有其它部位的连锁性损伤,脊柱、肱骨、尺桡骨骨折所占比例较大,并易发生颅脑及胸腹腔内脏器损伤。RISS评估损伤程度,交通事故平均RISS 13．41,高处坠落平均RISS 17．50。高处坠落比交通事故损伤程度严重,伤后遗留功能障碍者较多。结论 致伤原因不一,其损伤类型、程度各异。交通事故与高处坠落导致的各类骨折及合并伤的发生情况、创伤严重度、伤残及死亡率存在一定差异。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.