富含亮氨酸重复序列免疫球蛋白样蛋白1基因特异性RNA干扰表达载体的构建、鉴定和稳定株筛选

背景：有研究表明富含亮氨酸重复序列免疫球蛋白样蛋白1(leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains 1,LRIG1)基因在神经胶质瘤细胞中呈低表达,LRIG1基因过表达后对神经胶质瘤细胞的 LRIG1 mRNA和蛋白表达均明显增强和抑制其生物学行为,但却很少有研究从阻断LRIG1基因的表达的角度进行论证。 目的：构建针对LRIG1基因的特异性RNA干扰质粒,稳定转染人脑胶质瘤GL15细胞系,观察其对目的基因LRIG1表达的影响。 方法：根据GenBank提供的LRIG1基因序列设计2条RNA干扰序列,命名为LRIG1-shRNA1和LRIG1-shRNA2,并设计1条非特异性序列作为阴性对照,命名为pGenesil2-negative shRNA。合成各自的寡核苷酸链,退火后与pGenesil2质粒载体连接,转化扩增后测定序列。用不同浓度的G418作用于GL15细胞确定G418对GL15细胞的筛选浓度。将3种重组表达载体转染GL15细胞,G418筛选后挑单克隆并扩增获得稳定株。Western blot检测LRIG1蛋白的表达。 结果与结论：构建的重组pGenesil2-LRIG1- shRNA质粒经限制性酶切及DNA测序分析证明其序列插入正确。转染pGenesil2- LRIG1-shRNA1(LRIG11)细胞和pGenesil2- LRIG1-shRNA2(LRIG12)细胞LRIG1蛋白表达水平较阴性对照组pGenesil2-negative shRNA分别下降47.9%(P < 0.01)和32.8% (P > 0.05)。结果证实,实验成功构建了针对LRIG1基因的特异性shRNA表达载体pGenesil2-LRIG1-shRNA1,其转染GL15细胞后可抑制LRIG1的表达。     

人细胞周期蛋白H基因的真核表达载体构建和表达及功能检测

<正>细胞周期蛋白H(cyclin H)是一种含323个氨基酸,相对分子质量(Mr)为38 000的细胞周期调控蛋白,普遍存在于真核细胞中,可与细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶7(cyclin-dependent kinase 7,CDK7)共同参与细胞周期和基因转录的合理调控,其复合体可以催化各种CDK分子的活化,从而影响细胞增殖[1]。Cyclin H可催化多种CDK(如CDK2、CDK4、     

甲型H3N2流感病毒截短型PB1-F2蛋白与宿主蛋白的相互作用的初步研究

目的利用酵母双杂交技术研究甲型H3N2流感病毒截短型PB1-F2蛋白与人类宿主蛋白的相互作用,为该病毒蛋白的功能研究和致病机制提供理论依据。方法以本实验室分离和鉴定的甲型H3N2流感病毒A／Guangdong／7028／2010为模版,构建pGBKT7-PB1-F2重组载体,利用Y2HGold酵母双杂交系统,从人类通用cDNA文库中筛选与其相互作用的蛋白。结果成功构建含诱饵蛋白基因的pGBKT7-PB1-F2重组载体,转化酵母自激活和毒性实验显示为阴性：酵母双杂交实验显示Y2HGold和Y187酵母的结合率为5．22％,符合实验要求;经筛选和验证后,得到3个与截短型PB1-F2蛋白有相互作用的阳性克隆,分别为钾／钠ATP酶B1亚基、热休克蛋白40和白介素-2受体1亚基。结论初步推断截短型H3N2流感病毒PB1-F2蛋白可能影响流感病毒在宿主细胞中的复制功能和凋亡调控。     

组蛋白去甲基化酶含Jumonji结构域蛋白3(JMJD3)抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞增殖及侵袭和迁移

目的分析组蛋白特异性去甲基化酶含Jumonji结构域蛋白3(JMJD3)对人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的细胞周期、凋亡和迁移的影响。方法合成JMJD3的小干扰RNA(siRNA)、构建JMJD3过表达载体;阴性对照siRNA、si JMJD3或质粒p MSCV-PIG、p MSCV-JMJD3转染HUVEC 48 h后,通过荧光实时定量PCR检测JMJD3 mRNA的水平;流式细胞术检测各转染组HUVEC的细胞周期与凋亡的变化;TranswellTM实验和划痕实验检测转染后的HUVEC侵袭和迁移能力的变化。结果 HUVEC转染si JMJD3 48 h后JMJD3的表达水平下降,S期细胞增加、而G1期细胞明显减少。下调JMJD3后HUVEC的增殖能力增强,细胞凋亡减少,细胞侵袭、迁移能力增强。而在HUVEC转染JMJD3过表达质粒MSCV-JMJD3 48 h后,细胞内JMJD3水平增加,S期细胞显著减少,而G1期细胞则明显增加,同时HUVEC的增殖能力受到抑制,细胞凋亡增多,细胞侵袭和迁移能力减弱。结论 JMJD3具有抑制HUVEC增殖、侵袭和迁移,促进细胞凋亡的作用。     

下调PHLPP1表达通过激活PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路改善高糖诱导的人足细胞自噬抑制和凋亡促进作用

目的 研究富含亮氨酸重复序列的普列克底物蛋白同源结构域蛋白磷酸酶1(PHLPP1)在糖尿病肾病(DN)肾组织的表达及其对足细胞自噬、凋亡的影响并初步探究其相关作用机制.方法 采用免疫组织化学检测DN肾组织及非糖尿病肾组织PHLPP1表达,免疫荧光组织化学染色检测肾病蛋白(nephrin)、PHLPP1的共表达以确定PH...     

利用规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列/相关蛋白9系统敲减α2δ1对人肝癌细胞系Hep-12干性的影响

目的 通过规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列/相关蛋白9(CRISPR/Cas9)系统敲减人肝癌细胞系Hep12中电压依赖性钙离子通道 α2δ1的表达,观察α2δ1敲减后对肝癌细胞干性的影响。方法 设计3对靶向α2δ1的向导 (sgRNA),长度为20 bp,构建到lenti CRISPRv2-puro载体上,然后在体外检测sgRNA切割活性,利用慢病毒包装系统包装含有sgRNA的重组质粒,将包装好的病毒感染Hep-12细胞,2 d后加入嘌呤霉素筛选。利用Western blotting验证α2δ1的敲减效果和干性相关基因的表达。通过成球实验检测其体外自我更新能力的变化。结果 测序结果显示,sgRNA成功插入载体质粒;体外切割实验显示,3条sgRNA均有切割活性;Western blotting结果显示,α2δ1基因的表达显著降低,干性相关基因B细胞特异性莫洛尼白血病病毒插入位点1(BMI1)和Nanog的表达显著被抑制;无血清培养基成球实验结果表明,敲减α2δ1导致Hep-12细胞的体外自我更新能力减弱。结论 利用CRISPR/Cas9技术成功构建敲除α2δ1基因的Hep-12细胞系;敲除α2δ1基因后能抑制Hep-12细胞肿瘤干细胞样特性。     

Towards construction of viral vectors based on avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus for gene delivery and vaccine development

Manipulation of the coronavirus genome to accommodate and express foreign genes is an attractive approach for gene delivery and vaccine development. By using an infectious cloning system developed recently for the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene, the firefly luciferase gene and several host and viral genes (eIF3f, SARS ORF6, Dengue virus 1 core protein gene) were inserted into various positions of the IBV genome, and the effects on gene expression, virus recovery, and stability in cell culture were studied. Selected viruses were also inoculated into chicken embryos for studies of foreign gene expression at different tissue level. The results demonstrated the stability of recombinant viruses depends on the intrinsic properties of the foreign gene itself as well as the position at which the foreign genes were inserted. For unstable viruses, the loss of expression of the inserted genes was found to result from a large deletion of the inserted gene and even IBV backbone sequences. This represents a promising system for development of coronavirus-based gene delivery vectors and vaccines against coronavirus and other viral infections in chicken.     

Differential localization and turnover of infectious bronchitis virus 3b protein in mammalian versus avian cells

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) 3b protein is highly conserved among group 3 coronaviruses, suggesting that it is important for infection. A previous report (Virology 2003, 311:16-27) indicated that transfected IBV 3b localized to the nucleus in mammalian cells using a vaccinia-virus expression system. Although we confirmed these findings, we observed cytoplasmic localization of IBV 3b with apparent exclusion from the nucleus in avian cells (IBV normally infects chickens). IBV 3b was virtually undetectable by microscopy in mammalian cells transfected without vaccinia virus and in IBV-infected mammalian cells because of a greatly reduced half-life in these cells. A proteasome inhibitor stabilized IBV 3b in mammalian cells, but had little effect on IBV 3b in avian cells, suggesting that rapid turnover of IBV 3b in mammalian cells is proteasome-dependent while turnover in avian cells may be proteasome-independent. Our results highlight the importance of using cells derived from the natural host when studying coronavirus non-structural proteins.     

Co-infections of chickens with avian influenza virus H9N2 and Moroccan Italy 02 infectious bronchitis virus: effect on pathogenesis and protection conferred by different vaccination programmes

ABSTRACT

Since the emergence of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 viruses in Morocco in 2016, severe respiratory problems have been encountered in the field. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is often detected together with H9N2, suggesting disease exacerbation in cases of co-infections. This hypothesis was therefore tested and confirmed in laboratory conditions using specific-pathogen-free chickens. Most common field vaccine programmes were then tested to compare their efficacies against these two co-infecting agents. IBV γCoV/chicken/Morocco/I38/2014 (Mor-IT02) and LPAI virus A/chicken/Morocco/SF1/2016 (Mor-H9N2) were thus inoculated to commercial chickens. We showed that vaccination with two heterologous IBV vaccines (H120 at day one and 4/91 at day 14 of age) reduced the severity of clinical signs as well as macroscopic lesions after simultaneous experimental challenge. In addition, LPAI H9N2 vaccination was more efficient at day 7 than at day 1 in limiting disease post simultaneous challenge.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

• Simultaneous challenge with IBV and AIV H9N2 induced higher pathogenicity in SPF birds than inoculation with IBV or AIV H9N2 alone.

• Recommended vaccination programme in commercial broilers to counter Mor-IT02 IBV and LPAIV H9N2 simultaneous infections: IB live vaccine H120 (d1), AIV H9N2 inactivated vaccine (d7), IB live vaccine 4-91 (d14).

     

Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of air sac lesions induced by two strains of infectious bronchitis virus

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly contagious respiratory coronavirus of domestic chickens. Although mortality is low, infection with IBV results in substantial losses for the egg and meat chicken industries. Despite the economic importance of IBV and decades of research into the pathogenesis of infection, significant gaps in our knowledge exist. The aim of this study was to compare the early progression of air sac lesions in birds receiving a vaccine strain of the virus or a more virulent field strain. The air sacs are lined by different types of epithelia and are relatively isolated from the environment, so they represent a unique tissue in which to study virus-induced lesions. Both the pathogenic and vaccine strains of the virus produced significant lesions; however, the lesions progressed more rapidly in the birds receiving the pathogenic strain. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that in birds infected with the pathogenic strain of virus, IBV spike protein is detected first in the ciliated cells lining the air sac. These preliminary data provide important clues regarding potential mechanisms for IBV tissue tropism and spread and show that the nature of the virus isolate influences the early progression of IBV infection.     

Molecular cloning and sequence comparison of the S1 glycoprotein of the Gray and JMK strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus

The nucleotide sequences of S1 glycoprotein genes of the Gray and JMK strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were determined and compared with published sequences for IBV. The IBV Gray and JMK strains had 99% nucleotide sequence similarity. The overall nucleotide sequence similarity of the Gray and JMK strains compared with other IBV strains was between 82.0% and 87.4%. The similarity of the predicted amino acid sequence for the S1 glycoproteins of the Gray and JMK strains was 98.8%. Six of the 10 differences in the amino acid sequence were found between residues 99 and 127, suggesting a possible role for that region in the tissue trophisms of the viruses. The S1 glycoprotein of the Gray and JMK strains had 79.5%–84.6% amino acid similarity with the published sequence of other IBV strains. Serine instead of phenylalanine was observed in the protease cleavage site between the S1 and S2 glycoprotein subunits for the Gray and JMK strains, which was similar to the published sequence for the Ark99 and SE17 strains. The significance of that amino acid change is not known. Based on the nucleotide sequence of the Gray and JMK strains, theBsmAI restriction enzyme was selected by computer analysis and was used in restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to differentiate the two strains.The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession numbers GRAYS1=L14069 and JMKS1=L14070.     

双重荧光定量RT-PCR快速检测流感病毒H1、H3亚型的研究

目的利用荧光定量RT-PCR技术建立一种快速检测流感病毒H1、H3亚型的方法。方法根据H1、H3亚型流感病毒HA基因的相对保守序列,设计两对引物及其相应的Taqman探针,利用一步法RT-PCR试剂盒建立优化反应体系后,将荧光定量RT-PCR的产物采用10倍稀释法,即107～100copies/μl,再次用荧光定量PCR方法检验建立体系的灵敏度和重复性,并建立相对定量标准曲线;利用多种流感病毒和具有相似临床症状的呼吸道病毒检验建立体系的特异性。结果 H1和H3亚型流感病毒的检测灵敏度为102copies/μl,扩增效率分别为101.35%和113.28%,标准曲线相关系数大于99%,重复性良好,特异度实验未发现有非特异性扩增。结论本研究建立的双重荧光定量RT-PCR技术可以快速、准确地检测H1、H3亚型流感病毒。     

Phylogenetic analysis of low pathogenicity H5N1 and H7N3 influenza A virus isolates recovered from sentinel, free flying, wild mallards at one study site during 2006

From August 2 to October 11, 2006, clusters of low pathogenicity (LP) North American lineage H5N1 and H7N3 avian influenza A viruses (AIV), and other subtypes, were recovered from free-flying, resident, wild mallards used as sentinels at one site. The antigenic subtypes, pathogenicity potential, and Sanger sequencing of the isolates determined the H5N1 and H7N3 isolates were only recovered from samples collected on 8/2/2006 and 9/8/2006, respectively. However, subsequent efforts using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and additional Sanger sequencing found partial H7 segments in other HA-NA virus combinations on 8/2/2006, 9/8/2006 and 10/11/2006. It is well established that over larger geographic areas and years AIVs form transient genomic constellations; this sequential sampling data revealed that over a short period of time the dynamics of AIVs can be active and newer sequencing platforms increase recognition of mixed infections. Both findings provide further insight into the natural history of AIVs in natural reservoirs.     

Molecular adaptation of an H7N3 wild duck influenza virus following experimental multiple passages in quail and turkey

To investigate the molecular adaptation of influenza viruses during natural interspecies transmission, we performed a phenotypic and genotypic analysis of a low-pathogenic duck H7N3 influenza virus after experimental passages in turkey and quail. Results obtained showed differences in the HA receptor-binding and in NA enzyme activities in viruses recovered after passages in quail, compared to those obtained from passages in turkey. Sequencing of the HA, NA and genes of internal proteins of the viruses obtained from quail and turkey, identified several amino acid substitutions in comparison with the progenitor virus. Of note, in the quail-adapted viruses the emergence of a 23-amino acid deletion in the stalk of the NA and the introduction of a glycosylation site in the HA were a reminiscence of changes typically observed in nature confirming a potential role of the quail in the adaptation of wild birds viruses to domestic poultry.     

Regulation of macrophage and dendritic cell function by pathogens and through immunomodulation in the avian mucosa

Macrophages (MPh) and dendritic cells (DC) are members of the mononuclear phagocyte system. In chickens, markers to distinguish MPh from DC are lacking, but whether MPh and DC can be distinguished in humans and mice is under debate, despite the availability of numerous markers. Mucosal MPh and DC are strategically located to ingest foreign antigens, suggesting they can rapidly respond to invading pathogens.