腓肠肌肌皮瓣在小腿软组织缺损中的应用

目的探讨腓肠肌内侧头带蒂肌皮瓣修复小腿软组织缺损临床应用的价值。方法对1998年5月—2007年2月采用腓肠肌内侧头肌瓣及肌皮瓣进行修复的43例膝部及小腿软组织缺损病例资料进行总结分析。结果43例皮瓣全部成活,2例皮瓣远端尖部发生皮肤坏死,经游离植皮修复,受区发生表浅感染2例,供区植皮小块坏死1例,经短期换药处理愈合。结论应用腓肠肌内侧头带蒂肌皮瓣修复小腿软组织缺损,供区较为隐蔽,切取后对外形、功能影响不明显,是修复小腿软组织缺损的一种较好的方法。     

腹直肌肌皮瓣修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损18例临床分析

目的 总结腹直肌肌皮瓣用于口腔颌面部修复的经验,对腹直肌肌皮瓣的用途、应用方法 、成败因素等加以分析和讨论.方法 2007年6月～2010年6月,应用腹直肌肌皮瓣修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损18例,其中男性11例,女性7例,年龄46～71岁,均为肿瘤切除造成的组织缺损,所有病例均为即刻修复.结果 18例游离组织瓣成活17例,修复成功率为94.4%.结论 对于口腔颌面部肿瘤切除后形成的组织缺损,腹直肌肌皮瓣是进行修复的理想选择.     

带肋骨胸大肌肌皮瓣与腓骨(皮)瓣修复重建下颌骨疗效对比分析

目的通过对带肋骨胸大肌肌皮瓣与腓骨(皮)瓣修复重建下颌骨形态及功能的临床疗效进行随访对比分析，提供修复重建下颌骨的临床治疗方法和选择依据。方法19例下颌骨缺损分为两组。组Ⅰ：带肋骨胸大肌肌皮瓣修复重建下颌骨8例，其中创伤6例，肿瘤2例；组Ⅱ：腓骨(皮)瓣修复重建下颌骨11例，其中创伤7例，肿瘤4例。术后6，12，24，36个月随访观察、对比分析、评价下颌骨形态及功能恢复情况。结果接受带肋骨胸大肌肌皮瓣与腓骨(皮)瓣方法修复重建下颌骨的19例患者术后随访观察、对比分析、评价结果显示，对下颌骨形态恢复比较，两种方法差异无统计学意义，对下颌骨功能恢复比较，两种方法差异有统计学意义。结论带肋骨胸大肌肌皮瓣与腓骨(皮)瓣修复重建下颌骨形态方面有一致的临床疗效；腓骨(皮)瓣对下颌骨功能重建的临床疗效优于带肋骨胸大肌肌皮瓣。     

胸大肌皮瓣在喉咽癌修复中的应用

目的探讨运用胸大肌皮瓣修复喉咽癌术后缺损的疗效。方法 26例晚期喉咽癌患者,行肿瘤切除术后以带蒂胸大肌皮瓣修复术后缺损。结果术后21例愈后良好,3例出现咽瘘,1例合并下消化道大出血伴咽瘘者,经第2次手术后痊愈。1例失访。结论胸大肌皮瓣修复喉咽癌切除术后缺损,具有血供丰富,可修复较大面积缺损,术后愈合较好等优点,对延长患者生命,减轻疼痛有重要作用。     

大面积头皮缺损一期修复方法探讨

20例大面积头皮缺损患者行头部植皮联合负压吸引技术修复7例,颞枕跨区筋膜瓣联合大腿中厚皮片移植修复8例,游离背阔肌肌皮瓣修复5例。7例植皮患者中6例完全成活,1例皮片有部分坏死,经换药后愈合。所有病例术后随访时间6~36个月,效果良好。对头皮缺损无骨质裸露患者植皮加负压吸引技术修复简单方便,效果可靠。有骨质裸露者,若颞枕跨区筋膜瓣可应用,可采用筋膜瓣联合皮片移植修复,不增加新的创伤,效果良好。若颞枕跨区筋膜瓣无法应用,可选用游离肌皮瓣修复,修复方法可靠,但美观不足。     

应用背阔肌肌皮瓣重建上肢功能及修复复合组织缺损

目的探讨背阔肌肌皮瓣重建上肢肌肉功能、修复上肢软组织缺损创面的临床效果。方法2008年7月～2014年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院骨科中心采用背阔肌肌皮瓣移植修复34例上肢肌肉功能、软组织缺损创面,男性25例,女性9例;年龄17～65岁,平均40.5岁。其中屈肘功能障碍者10例,屈肘并屈指功能障碍者7例,伸肘伸指功能障碍者5例,肘部皮肤缺损或骨外露12例。背阔肌肌皮瓣大小范围11cm×4cm～35cm×10cm;供区大部分采取一期缝合,2例供区部分缝合、部分采用中厚皮片植皮。结果34例患者术后获随访8个月～7年,平均21个月。其中术后出现血管危象2例,对症处理后好转;肌皮瓣的皮瓣部分坏死2例;背阔肌肌皮瓣完全坏死2例,发生局部感染1例,经清创换药完全愈合;其余18例未见明显术后并发症。结论背阔肌皮瓣血运丰富,抗感染能力强,肌瓣可填塞死腔,背阔肌肌皮瓣是修复上肢肌肉功能、上肢软组织缺损创面和骨外露感染创面的一种理想皮瓣。     

胸骨肿瘤切除后胸大肌重建胸壁缺损9例临床分析

目的总结分析胸骨肿瘤切除术后胸大肌重建的临床效果。方法对2002—2007年收治的9例胸骨肿瘤病例进行手术治疗,术后形成的胸壁缺损采用胸大肌修复重建。结果9例胸骨肿瘤病例手术均获成功,无手术死亡,术后无胸壁畸形,轻度反常呼吸,无呼吸循环并发症。结论胸骨肿瘤适宜手术切除,但术后一般缺损较大,特别是胸骨全部切除,在修复重建时,采取游离胸大肌对拢缝合,可有效重建胸壁,无明显术后并发症,效果满意。     

腰背部放射性溃疡的临床治疗

目的 总结了12例腰背部严重放射损伤的临床治疗经验。方法 采用姑息性清创，部分切除变性的肋骨或脊突骨；然后以局部皮瓣移位修复者2例、肩胛旁皮瓣修复者1例、岛状背阔肌肌皮瓣倒转移位修复者9例。结果 移植的皮瓣、肌皮瓣伞部成活12例，占100％，溃疡甲级愈合11例，占91．7％，乙级愈合1例，占8．3％。结论 采用“姑息性切除法”，选用血循环丰富的轴型皮瓣和肌皮瓣移植修复，能有效地改善血液循环、促进创面愈合，特别是应用倒转背阔肌肌皮瓣移植修复是较好的材料。     

游离分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣修复前臂软组织缺损与功能重建

目的 探讨应用分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣临床修复前臂软组织缺损与功能重建的临床效果.方法应用吻合血管分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣移植修复前臂皮肤和肌肉缺损重建运动功能12例.结果12例分叶肌皮瓣全部成活,伤几均Ⅰ期愈合.随访6～36个月,肌力3～5级.结论 分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣是覆盖前臂创面并重建其功能的较为理想的肌皮瓣.     

逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤缺损的手术配合

目的:探索足踝部皮肤软组织恶性肿瘤切除及皮肤缺损的修复方法.方法:应用逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复外踝部11例、内踝部4例、小腿中下段10例、小腿中下部软组织肿瘤7例.结果:术后皮瓣全部成活.3例部分水泡形成,1例皮缘坏死换药后创面愈合.结论:逆行腓肠神经营养血管皮瓣修复足踝部皮肤缺损皮瓣设计、操作简便,易于切取,不吻合血管,可重建感觉,皮瓣成活率高,是足踝部皮肤缺损的理想选择.     

Subcutaneous calcification in the pectoralis major flap: a late complication of radiotherapy

Heterotopic calcification following radiotherapy is a very rare event. Here, we report a case of a patient who underwent surgical intervention including pectoralis major flap reconstruction for locally advanced pharyngolaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma with skin invasion. He was followed up post-operatively with adjuvant radiotherapy. 13 years after the treatment, suspect resistance in the myocutaneous flap region appeared and was diagnosed as a calcification. To date, the occurrence of subcutaneous calcification in the myocutaneous flap in the neck has not been described as a late complication of neck irradiation.     

CT and MR appearance of recurrent malignant head and neck neoplasms after resection and flap reconstruction.

PURPOSETo describe the appearance of recurrent malignant neoplasms in patients who have undergone resection of primary head and neck tumors with flap reconstruction.METHODSThirty-two examinations, 26 CT and 6 MR scans, were retrospectively reviewed in 25 patients with documented recurrent malignant neoplasms. Confirmation of disease was by biopsy or disease progression. The flaps included 15 myocutaneous, 6 free composite, 2 jejunal free grafts, and 2 combined jejunal and myocutaneous flaps.RESULTSThe most common location of recurrence was in the primary tumor bed involving the undersurface or suture line of the reconstruction flaps, 14 of 32 scans; both nodal and flap recurrence was seen in 12 of 32 scans.CONCLUSIONSWhen examining patients who may have recurrent disease after flap reconstruction, the radiologist should be aware of the type of flap used and the expected appearance. Tumor recurrence in this patient population is manifest either as a focal recurrent mass at or near the suture line of the reconstruction flap, or nodal disease, usually in the contralateral neck.     

Image fusion of thallium-201 SPECT and MR imaging for the assessment of recurrent head and neck tumors following flap reconstructive surgery

The aim of this study was to assess the value of fused MR and Tl-201 single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images in the diagnosis of recurrent head and neck tumors in patients after flap reconstruction surgery. Twenty-four patients after resection of primary head and neck tumors with flap reconstruction were suspected of having recurrent tumor by follow-up MR examination. Both MR examination and Tl-201 SPECT were prospectively performed to produce fused images. For qualitative analysis, two independent readers separately evaluated the existence of tumor recurrence in the fused images. The Tl-201 uptake of the lesion (Tl index) was also quantitatively compared with that of the normal nuchal muscles. Eighteen patients were histologically proved as having recurrence. The remaining 6 patients, false positive on MRI alone, had non-recurrence. Using the fused images, false positive was found in 1 case for one reader and 2 cases for the other reader. The Tl index of recurrent tumors was significantly higher (p<0.001) than that of non-recurrent mass lesions. In the assessment of recurrent tumors following flap reconstruction surgery in the head and neck, the use of fused MRI and Tl-201 SPECT images can reduce the number of false positives.     

Head and neck reconstruction with pectoralis major myocutaneous flap: CT evaluation

Sixty-one CT scans in 20 patients who had undergone head and neck reconstructive surgery using a pectoralis major myocutaneous (PM-MC) flap were retrospectively evaluated to assess the usefulness of Ct in the follow-up of these patients. The normal CT findings in patients with PM-MC flaps are described. Of 13 cases with tumor recurrence, CT examination correctly detected recurrent masses in all cases, including 3 in which there was no clinical sign of recurrence. Postoperative masses mimicking tumor recurrence included deformed breast tissue, hematomas, lymphoceles, and abscesses. Computed tomography was of great value in the detection of tumor recurrence, but careful interpretation is required because a postoperative complication or anatomic alteration may lead to the erroneous diagnosis of tumor recurrence.     

游离分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣修复前臂软组织缺损与功能重建

目的 探讨应用分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣临床修复前臂软组织缺损与功能重建的临床效果.方法应用吻合血管分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣移植修复前臂皮肤和肌肉缺损重建运动功能12例.结果12例分叶肌皮瓣全部成活,伤几均Ⅰ期愈合.随访6～36个月,肌力3～5级.结论 分叶股前外侧肌皮瓣是覆盖前臂创面并重建其功能的较为理想的肌皮瓣.

Abstract：

Objective To discuss the clinical result of the free functioning ramified anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap in clinical repair of the forearm soft tissue defects and function reconstruction.Methods Twelve patients with forearm skin and muscle defects was reconstructed with the free functioning ramified anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap transplantation. Results All flaps survived, with one stage healing of the wound. The patients were followed up for 6-36 months, which showed that the muscle strength was at 3-5 grade. Conclusion Free functioning ramified anterolateral thigh myocutaneous flap is an ideal myocutaneous flap to cover the forearm wound and reconstruct the function.     

游离背阔肌肌皮瓣治疗头皮巨大瘢痕癌

目的探讨背阔肌肌皮瓣游离移植在修复头皮巨大瘢痕癌中的临床应用。方法 2009-10至2012-09我科共收治5例头皮巨大瘢痕癌患者,病变面积6 cm×8 cm～11 cm×10 cm,均侵犯颅骨,其中1例侵入颅内。均采用背阔肌肌皮瓣游离移植修复,皮瓣面积14 cm×13 cm～17 cm×16 cm。结果 5例背阔肌肌皮瓣移植术后均顺利成活,无并发症,皮瓣质地柔软,略高出周围皮肤。结论游离背阔肌肌皮瓣组织量大,血供丰富,设计灵活,是目前修复大面积头皮瘢痕癌切除后缺损较为理想的方法。     

胸锁乳突肌胸骨头肌皮瓣在舌再造中的应用

报道了在解剖学研究的基础上，用胸锁乳突肌胸骨头肌皮瓣行舌再造的手术设计和操作方法。7例后再造的成功表明，此种肌皮瓣具有重建舌外形的良好条件，双重血供、成活率高，手术在同一区域内1次完成，其运行和感觉功能恢复早。