沙库巴曲缬沙坦在心肌梗死后心力衰竭中的应用进展

心力衰竭(HF)是急性心肌梗死后的严重并发症,尽管目前治疗手段众多,但病死率仍居高不下。近年来,沙库巴曲缬沙坦的出现为心血管疾病领域的治疗带来突破性进展,作为一种新型血管紧张素受体-脑啡肽酶抑制剂,已被列为治疗慢性HF的一线药物,随着在心肌梗死、高血压、糖尿病和肾脏疾病等方面的研究广泛展开,其更多的临床益处被发现。本文主要探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦在治疗急性心肌梗死后HF中的应用进展。     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦对心肌梗死后心力衰竭患者的临床疗效

目的 探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗心肌梗死后心力衰竭的临床效果。 方法 选取空军军医大学附属西京医院2018年6月～2019年6月心梗后心力衰竭的患者146例为研究对象,在常规治疗的基础上,随机将其分为两组:缬沙坦组（对照组,n = 71）和沙库巴曲缬沙坦组（试药组,n = 75）,随访1年检测患者心脏彩超,血肌酐,血尿素氮,氨基末端脑钠尿肽前体（NT-proBNP）及生活质量相关指标。 结果 ①治疗1个月,试药组患者较对照组NT-proBNP显著下降（P < 0.05）,6分钟步行距离,明尼苏达生活质量评分显著升高（P < 0.05）,纽约心功能分级分布显著改善（P < 0.05）;②治疗1年后,试药组患者左室射血分数（LVEF）,左室收缩末期容积(LVESV)较对照组显著改善（P < 0.01）,NT-proBNP及生活质量相关指标进一步改善（P < 0.05） 结论 沙库巴曲缬沙坦较缬沙坦对心梗后心力衰竭患者心功能和生活质量有更好的疗效。     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦对急性心肌梗死伴心力衰竭患者的临床疗效

目的 探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦(LCZ696)对急性心肌梗死伴心力衰竭患者的临床疗效及安全性.方法 选取我院急性心肌梗死伴心力衰竭的住院患者120例,其中58例接受LCZ696和常规药物治疗作为干预组,另外62例作为对照组仅接受常规药物治疗.治疗6个月后随访,比较两组治疗前后NT-proBNP、肌酐、血钾水平以及心脏彩超结果...     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦在心力衰竭及急性心肌梗死中临床应用的研究进展

综述沙库巴曲缬沙坦应用于急性失代偿性心力衰竭及急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭的研究进展。沙库巴曲缬沙坦是全球首个血管紧张素受体脑啡肽酶抑制剂,其既可抑制血管紧张素受体,又可抑制脑啡肽酶的降解,是近年来心力衰竭领域的研究热点。目前,沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于慢性心力衰竭,尤其是射血分数下降心力衰竭治疗的相关研究已较多,但对于急性心力衰竭方面的研究有限。     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦对射血分数保留心力衰竭影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗射血分数保留心力衰竭(HFpEF)的有效性与安全性。方法:运用万方、中国知网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、EMBASE、WebofScience等数据库检索自启动期至2022年1月15日期间沙库巴曲缬沙坦用于HFpEF患者的随机对照试验。结果:共有13项研究8754名参与者符合纳入标准。本研究结果显示,与对照组相比,沙库巴曲缬沙坦可降低HFpEF患者的心衰再住院率[OR=0.76,95%CI(0.67,0.85),P=0.000],改善NYHA心功能分级[OR=1.85,95%CI(1.32,2.59),P=0.001],降低治疗后N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)水平[SMD=-3.20,95%CI(-4.25,-2.14),P=0.001],增加患者6min步行试验(6MWT)的步行距离[WMD=57.51,95%CI(21.51,93.52),P=0.002];但在心血管死亡率、不良反应发生率、生活质量评分及左心房大小方面无显著差异(P均>0.05)。结论:沙库巴曲缬沙坦可以显著改善HFpEF患者的NT-proBNP、6MWD...     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗慢性心力衰竭临床研究

目的 观察沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的临床效果.方法 选取2018年2月至2019年7月在朝阳市中心医院心内科住院治疗的CHF患者120例为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=60)及观察组(n=60).对照组患者采用包括血管扩张剂、利尿剂、β受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(ACEI)或血管紧张素II受体阻...     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦对慢性心力衰竭患者运动耐量的影响

目的 探讨沙库巴曲缬沙坦对慢性心力衰竭（ CHF） 患者运动耐量的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将 80 例 CHF 患者分为对照组和试验组,每组各 40 例。对照组患者给予基础抗 CHF 治疗,试验组患者给予基础抗 CHF 治疗联合沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗,两组均治疗 6 个月。比较两组患者治疗前后静息心率、血压、BMI、心功能及心肺运动试验结果。结果 治疗后试验组患者左心室舒张末期内径（ LVEDD） 、左心室收缩末期内径（ LVESD） 、氨基末端脑利尿钠肽前体（ NT-proBNP） 水平均低于同期对照组,峰值摄氧量（ Peak VO₂） 、公斤摄氧量（ VO₂/ kg） 、峰值心率、峰值氧脉搏（ Peak O₂） 、无氧阈值（ AT） 、代谢当量（ MET） 均高于同期对照组（ P < 0. 05） 。两组患者治疗后静息收缩压、舒张压、LVEDD、LVESD、NT-proBNP 水平均低于同组治疗前,LVEF 均高于同组治疗前（ P <0. 05） 。对照组患者治疗后峰值心率低于同组治疗前,二氧化碳通气当量（...     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦对心力衰竭患者认知功能的影响

沙库巴曲缬沙坦作为结合脑啡肽酶(NEP)抑制剂和血管紧张素受体阻滞剂的双作用药物,经过多项大规模随机临床研究已广泛在慢性心力衰竭和高血压中应用。然而,NEP活性的丧失可以促进β淀粉样蛋白在大脑中的积累,而β淀粉样蛋白沉积是认知功能障碍、阿尔茨海默病的重要发生机制,这引起了众多学者对沙库巴曲缬沙坦副作用的担忧。现回顾NEP抑制剂与其认知功能关系的相关研究,对此做一综述。     

急性心肌梗死患者应用沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗研究进展

沙库巴曲缬沙坦（ARNI）为新型治疗心力衰竭（下称心衰）药物,其将脑啡肽酶抑制剂与血管紧张素受体拮抗剂相结合,在治疗射血分数降低的心衰方面,已被建议作为一线治疗用药。对于急性心肌梗死患者应用ARNI后的临床获益尚不明确,现将急性心肌梗死患者应用该药的相关研究作一综述,旨在提供进一步且较全面的循证医学证据。     

沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗心力衰竭的研究进展

沙库巴曲缬沙坦是全球近年来慢性心力衰竭（HF）治疗领域具有突破性的创新药物,它是一种血管紧张素受体-脑啡肽酶抑制剂,可同时抑制肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统并调节利钠肽系统。已被证实为目前首个也是唯一一个较标准治疗显著改善HF患者预后的药物,较依那普利能够显著改善射血分数,降低HF患者的死亡风险及再入院率,目前已被各国HF治疗指南推荐为慢性HF的一线治疗药物。后续更多研究表明,沙库巴曲缬沙坦还有逆转心脏重构、保护肾功能、降低血糖等作用,临床应用范围更加广泛,是应该大力推广的抗HF药物。本文将对沙库巴曲缬沙坦治疗HF的最新研究进展做一综述。     

左西孟坦治疗急性心肌梗死合并心力衰竭患者的疗效研究

目的：评价左西孟坦治疗急性心肌梗死（AMI）合并充血性心力衰竭（CHF）的临床疗效。方法：选择58例确诊AMI后一周内并发CHF患者,采用随机数字法分为左西孟旦组（30例,予以左西孟坦治疗）和多巴胺对照组（28例,给予多巴胺治疗）。观察两组治疗前后临床指标及N末端B型利钠肽前体（NT—proBNP）等指标的变化。结果：治疗前两组各指标均无显著差异（P〉0．05）;与治疗前及多巴胺组治疗后比较,左西孟坦组治疗后心率[（120．91±11．78）次／min、（122．67±9．01）次／min比（114．93±10．76）次／min]、呼吸频率[（26．00±3．13）次／min、（23．18±2．38）次／min比（21．47±2．67）次／min]、呼吸困难程度评分[（2．50±0．90）分、（2．07±0．77）分比（1．70±0．59）分]、肺毛细血管楔压[（22．50±2．57）mmHg、（19．57±2．87）mmHg比（16．80±2．39）mmHg]、NT-proBNP水平[（1207．5±95．6）pg／ml、（1097．85±87．6）pg／ml比（729．60±62．9）pg／ml]均显著下降（P〈0．05或〈0．01）,LVEF[（38．40±3．09）％、（41．57±3．10）％比（44．10±3．94）％]、心脏指数[（2．09±0．27）L·min^-1·m^-2、（2．24±0．27）L·min^-1·m^-2比（2．40±0．29）L·min^-1·m^-2]显著提高（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：左西孟坦可以短期内明显改善急性心肌梗死患者心力衰竭病情。     

老年急性心肌梗死心率变异的临床观察

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死患者心率变异(HRV)与急性心肌梗死(AMI)预后及死亡的关系。方法应用24h动态心电图(Holter)检测52例老年急性心肌梗死患者的HRV各项时阈指标,总体标准差SDNN、均值标准差SDANN、标准差均值SDNNIDX、差值均方的平方根rMSSD、差值>50ms的百分比(PNN50)。将AMI后2.5年内因心源性死亡人数与存活人数分为死亡组与存活组进行对比。结果死亡组与存活组比较,SDNN、SDANN、SDNNIDX、rMSSD均明显降低(P<0.05)。结论老年急性心梗患者心率变异性越大,AMI预后越差,死亡率越高。     

Acute heart failure in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention

BACKGROUND: Scanty data exist about the relation between acute heart failure (HF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). AIM: To assess the impact of HF on outcome in AMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS AND RESULTS: Out of 2,089 AMI patients, 82% did not present HF, 17% presented HF on admission and 1% developed HF after hospitalisation. Predictors of HF on admission were age, diabetes, prior MI, time delay to admission, anterior location, and TIMI grade 0-1 in the culprit vessel. Predictors of HF during hospitalisation were age and peak creatine kinase. The 1- and 6-month mortalities were 1.1% and 2.2%, 8% and 12%, 26% and 33% in patients without HF, with HF on admission and after hospitalisation, respectively. The risk of death was higher in patients with HF than in patients without HF (HR 3.47), as well as in patients with HF after admission (HR 5.19) than in patients with HF on admission (HR 2.44). CONCLUSIONS: In a primary PCI setting, the incidence of HF on hospital admission remains high, but mortality is lower when compared with historical patient series. Primary PCI may prevent the development of HF during hospitalisation; however, when HF develops, the prognosis remains severe.     

Translational overview of cytokine inhibition in acute myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure

Many cytokines are currently under investigation as potential target to improve cardiac function and outcome in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (MI) or chronic heart failure (HF). Here we aim to provide a translational overview of cytokine inhibiting therapies tested in experimental models and clinical studies. In various experimental studies, inhibition of interleukin-1 (IL-1), -6 (IL-6), -8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), CC- and CXC chemokines, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) had beneficial effects on cardiac function and outcome. On the other hand, neutral or even detrimental results have been reported for some (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1). Ambivalence of cytokine function, differences in study designs, treatment regimens and chosen endpoints hamper the translation of experimental research into clinical practice. Human studies are currently limited to IL-1β inhibition, IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-6 receptor antagonists (IL-6RA) or TNF inhibition. Despite favorable effects on cardiovascular events observed in retrospective cohort studies of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with TNF inhibition or IL-1RA, most prospective studies reported disappointing and inconsistent results. Smaller studies (n < 100) generally reported favorable results of anticytokine therapy on cardiac function, but only one of the larger studies (n > 100) evaluating IL-1β inhibition presented positive results on outcome. In conclusion, of the 10 anticytokine therapies tested in animals models beneficial effects have been reported in at least one setting. In larger clinical studies, findings were unsatisfactory in all but one. Many anticytokine therapies with promising animal experimental data continue to require further evaluation in humans.     

主动脉内球囊反搏在急性心肌梗死并右心衰竭中的应用

目的：探讨主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）在急性心肌梗死并右心衰竭中应用的价值。方法：69例急性心肌梗死并心源性休克行IABP辅助循环治疗患者中急性右心衰竭12例（17.4%）,回顾性分析此12例患者临床资料,病人年龄（64.1±9.7）岁,IABP辅助循环治疗时间15～288h,（95±76）h,9例（75%）行经皮冠状动脉介入术（PCI）。结果：12例患者住院期间主要并发症包括：出血3例（25%）,肢体缺血1例（8.3%）,急性肾功能衰竭2例（16.7%）,多器官功能衰竭1例（8.3%）。1例死于多器官功能衰竭,其余11例（91.7%）成功撤除IABP辅助循环,病情好转出院。结论：急性心肌梗死并严重右心衰竭死亡率高,在常规治疗疗效不佳时,主动脉内球囊反搏辅助循环治疗可能有益。     

Development and course of heart failure after a myocardial infarction in younger and older people

Background Acute myocardial infarction （AMI） is a common cause of heart failure （HF）, which can develop soon after AMI and may persist or resolve or develop late. HF after an MI is a major source of mortality. The cumulative incidence, prevalence and resolution of HF after MI in different age groups are poorly described. This study describes the natural history of HF after AMI according to age. Methods Patients with AMI during 1998 were identified from hospital records. HF was defined as treatment of symptoms and signs of HF with loop diuretics and was considered to have resolved if loop diuretic therapy could be stopped without recurrence of symptoms. Patients were cate- gorised into those aged 〈 65 years, 65-75 years, and 〉 75 years. Results Of 896 patients, 311,297 and 288 were aged 〈 65, 65-75 and 〉75 years and of whom 24%, 57% and 82% had died respectively by December 2005. Of these deaths, 24 （8%）, 68 （23%） and 107 （37%） oc- curred during the index admission, many associated with acute HF. A further 37 （12%）, 63 （21%） and 82 （29%） developed HF that persisted until discharge, of whom 15, 44 and 62 subsequently died. After discharge, 53 （24%）, 55 （40%） and 37 （47%） patients developed I-IF for the first time, of whom 26%, 62% and 76% subsequently died. Death was preceded by the development of HF in 35 （70%）, 93 （91%） and 107 （85%） in aged 〈 65 years, 65-75 years and 〉75 years, respectively. Conclusions The risk of developing HF and of dying after an MI in- creases progressively with age. Regardless of age, most deaths after a MI are preceded by the development of HF.     

急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗成功后住院期间心力衰竭的预测因素

目的：本研究旨在明确ST段抬高心肌梗死（STEMI）患者成功行直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）后住院期间发生心力衰竭（HF）的预测因素。方法回顾性分析接受直接PCI成功治疗的初发STEMI患者的临床和冠状动脉造影资料,根据住院期间是否发生HF将患者分为HF组和无HF组。确定住院期间HF的发生率、预测因素及其对预后的影响。结果共入选患者834例,男662例（79.4%）,年龄（62.9±12.9）岁。其中,HF组94例（11.3%）,无HF组740例（88.7%）。HF组的30 d全因死亡率显著高于无HF组（24.5%比1.5%,P＜0.001）。Cox回归分析显示,犯罪血管为前降支（HR 2.173,95% CI 1.12～4.212,P=0.022）、ln 24 h N末端B型利钠肽原（NT-proBNP）（HR 1.904,95% CI 1.479～2.452,P＜0.001）、24 h超敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）≥11.0 mg/L（中位数）（HR 2.901,95% CI 1.309～6.430,P=0.009）和基线血糖（HR 1.022,95% CI 1.000～1.044,P=0.046）是住院期间发生HF的独立预测因素。受试者工作曲线显示,以24 h NT-proBNP≥1171 pg/ml为阈值诊断住院期间HF的敏感性和特异性分别为92.5%和76.8%（c=0.883, P＜0.001）,以24 h hsCRP≥13.5 mg/L为阈值诊断住院期间HF的敏感性和特异性分别为86.0%和77.0%（c=0.829,P＜0.001）。在犯罪血管为前降支的患者中,24 h NT-proBNP＜1171 pg/ml且24 h hsCRP＜13.5 mg/L的患者住院期间HF的发生率为0.4%,而24 h NT-proBNP≥1171 pg/ml且24 h hsCRP≥13.5 mg/L的患者住院期间HF的发生率为60.9%,两者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论 STEMI患者即使接受直接PCI成功治疗,其住院期间HF的发生率仍然较高,发生HF者预后差。犯罪血管为前降支、hsCRP、NT-proBNP和基线血糖是住院期间发生HF的独立预测因素。检测并联合应用不同的血清生物标记物是预测STEMI患者直接PCI术后住院期间发生HF的有效方法。     

The timing of development and subsequent clinical course of heart failure after a myocardial infarction.

AIMS: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a common cause of heart failure (HF), which may develop early and persist or resolve, or develop late. The cumulative incidence, persistence, and resolution of HF after MI are poorly described. The aim of this study is to describe the natural history and prognosis of HF after an MI. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with a death or discharge diagnosis of MI in 1998 were identified from records of hospitals providing services to a local community of 600 000 people. Records were scrutinized to identify the development of HF, defined as signs and symptoms consistent with that diagnosis and treated with loop diuretics. HF was considered to have resolved if diuretics could be stopped without recurrent symptoms. Totally, 896 patients were identified of whom 54% had died by December 2005. During the index admission, 199 (22.2%) patients died, many with HF, and a further 182 (20.3%) patients developed HF that persisted until discharge, of whom 121 died subsequent to discharge. Of 74 patients with transient HF that resolved before discharge, 41 had recurrent HF and 38 died during follow-up. After discharge, 145 (33%) patients developed HF for the first time, of whom 76 died during follow-up. Overall, of 281 deaths occurring after discharge, 235 (83.6%) were amongst inpatients who first developed HF. CONCLUSION: The development of HF precedes death in most patients who die in the short- or long-term following an MI. Prevention of HF, predominantly by reducing the extent of myocardial damage and recurrent MI, and subsequent management could have a substantial impact on prognosis.     

早期康复对老年急性心肌梗死合并心衰患者的疗效(英文)

目的:探讨早期康复对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心衰患者的疗效。方法:选择AMI患者168例,按数字表法随机分为早期康复组(84例,实施早期康复方案)和常规治疗组(84例,实施常规治疗)。比较康复程序结束时两组并发症发生率,踏车试验及步行试验完成情况。结果:两组梗塞后心绞痛、再梗塞、住院期间死亡例数、左室射血分数等对比无显著性差异(P0.05)。与常规治疗组比较,早期康复组程序结束时踏车试验(77.6%比95.0%),步行试验(65.4%比95.8%)完成率显著提高(P均0.01)。早期康复组因长期卧床后易出现的并发症的发生率均显著低于常规护理组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论在严密监护下对老年急性心肌梗死合并心衰(35%左室射血分数50%)患者实施早期康复方案是安全、有益的,可减少长期卧床所致并发症的发生,改善病人的运动功能,提高生活质量。     

Prognostic significance of new atrial fibrillation and its relation to heart failure following acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: New-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) frequently occurs in association with postinfarction complications, particularly with heart failure (HF). AIMS: To evaluate whether postinfarction HF is associated with the subsequent development of AF and whether AF independently predicts poorer prognosis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We examined 650 patients with AMI and compared patients with AF (n=320) to those without (n=330). AF patients were classified as either early AF (n=208)-patients who developed AF within 24 h of symptom onset or late AF (n=112)-patients who had AF thereafter. We compared outcomes between these groups, adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics and postinfarction HF. Heart failure was the most important predictor of AF. In most patients, AF occurred secondary to HF. AF patients had poorer outcomes, including higher in-hospital and 7-year mortality. After multivariate adjustment, overall, AF was not an independent predictor of in-hospital [odds ratio (OR)=0.70) and 7-year [relative risk (RR)=1.14] mortality, but late AF remained an independent predictor of 7-year (RR=2.48, 95% confidence interval, 1.26-4.87) mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Heart failure mostly preceded the occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation after acute myocardial infarction, but only late atrial fibrillation was independently related to long-term mortality.