小儿干下型室间隔缺损的诊断和治疗

自1977年12月至1991年11月,在体外循环下共施行室间隔缺损(室缺)修补术522例,其中103例为干下型室缺,占同期室缺病例的19.7％。合并主动脉瓣脱垂36例,22例伴主动脉瓣关闭不全。室缺直接缝合15例,补片修补88例,2例伴有中度以上主动脉瓣关闭不全,施行主动脉瓣折叠术和关闭室缺。干下型室缺无自然闭合可能,可导致主动脉瓣功能不全和肺动脉高压,手术不受年龄影响,主张早期诊断,手术治疗。     

干下型室间隔缺损的治疗分析

目的:探讨先天性心脏病室间隔缺损中干下型室间隔缺损的临床特点和治疗效果。方法:室间隔缺损补片修补51例,直接缝合7例,6例行主动脉瓣折叠悬吊术治疗合并的主动脉瓣关闭不全。结果:死亡1例,存活58例,效果满意,无残余瘘和新的主动脉瓣关闭不全发生。结论:对干下型室间隔缺损应补片修补为主,采用主动脉瓣折叠悬吊术治疗合并的主动脉瓣关闭不全效果较好。     

室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣脱垂的外科治疗

目的 探讨室间隔缺损(VSD)合并主动脉瓣脱垂(AVP)的外科处理方法.方法 在VSD合并AVP 153例患者中,右冠状动脉瓣脱垂140例,右和无冠状动脉辩均脱垂13例,其中主动脉辩关闭不全(AI)94例.VSD补片修补147例,直接缝合6例;主动脉瓣折叠悬吊成形25例,瓣膜置换(AVK)9例.结果 无手术死亡,术后低心排6例(3.9%).对单纯AVP的59例患者,VSD修补术后AVP完全纠正,无1例发生AI.在AVP伴轻度AI 60例患者中,出院时脱垂的主动脉瓣复位良好,超声检查见14例患者仍有轻度AI,随访中2例加重需再次手术.在主动脉辩成形术25例患者中.UCG发现均有主动脉瓣轻微或轻度反流,3例反流加重.1例AVR术后1年死于感染性心内膜炎.结论 在出现AI之前修补VSD,能使脱垂的瓣膜复位,可防止主动脉辫关闭不全;若伴有AI,应根据主动脉瓣病理改变而选择恰当的方法.     

干下型室间隔缺损外科治疗

目的：探讨干下型室间隔缺损的临床特点和治疗效果。方法：室间隔缺损补片修补１９１例。直接缝合１８例,采用主动脉瓣折叠悬吊术治疗合并的主动脉瓣关闭不全。结果;死亡４例,存活２０５例效果满意,无瑜余瘘和新的主动脉瓣关闭不全发生。结论;对干下型室间隔缺损应补片修补为主,采用主动脉瓣折叠悬吊术治疗合产的主动脉瓣关闭不全效果较好。     

干下型室间隔缺损手术治疗14例临床分析

本文报道１９９５年８月～１９９９年８月手术治疗干下型室间隔缺损１４例，其中肺动脉瓣下型１０例，峭内型缺损４例。用无损伤线带垫片直接拇式缝合４例，补片修补１０例，全组无死亡同。术后直接缝合组有主动脉瓣轻度关闭不全（ＡＩ）１例。作者认为选择合适手术路径，经肺动脉切口最大限度保护右室功能，应用补片修补室时的脱垂是提高手术疗效的关键。     

心室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣脱垂的外科治疗

本文报道心室间隔缺损合并主动脉瓣脱垂32例,均经体外循环下施行心室间隔缺损修补术。手术证实为室缺合并主动脉瓣脱垂。其中21例主动脉瓣脱垂较明显的病人,同时作主动脉瓣悬吊术。另有1例由于合并主动脉窦瘤且瓣叶退行性改变过于严重而行人工心脏瓣膜替换术。手术死亡7例,这7例均施行了主动脉瓣悬吊术。死亡率为21.87%,术后生存的25例中,主动脉瓣脱垂获得明显改善,术后脉压恢复正常(<40mmHg)者21例,占全组的65.6%。4例术后杂音比手术前无明显变化,其中2例脉压无改变。     

动脉干下型室间隔缺损149例临床分析

目的探讨动脉干下型室间隔缺损的临床特点及手术疗效观察,掌握本病的手术适应证及术式选择。方法通过1993年1月～2003年8月在我院收治的149例动脉干下型室间隔缺损的患者,观察随年龄增长和肺动脉高压、主动脉瓣病变发生发展规律的关系及术式选择对预后的影响。结果①随年龄增长,合并主动脉瓣病变明显增加。12岁以后出现主动脉瓣病变者占39%。②较大缺损易产生心力衰竭,早期导致肺动脉高压。③中、小两大动脉的干下室缺,易引起主动脉瓣脱垂和返流。④此类室缺应早期手术,以补片修补为主,如合并主动脉瓣脱垂应及早行室缺修补及主动脉瓣成形术。结论根据两动脉干下室间隔缺损的临床特点应及早手术治疗,且以补片修补为主。     

动脉干下型室间隔缺损149例临床分析

目的探讨动脉干下型室间隔缺损的临床特点及手术疗效观察,掌握本病的手术适应证及术式选择.方法通过1993年1月～2003年8月在我院收治的149例动脉干下型室间隔缺损的患者,观察随年龄增长和肺动脉高压、主动脉瓣病变发生发展规律的关系及术式选择对预后的影响.结果①随年龄增长,合并主动脉瓣病变明显增加.12岁以后出现主动脉瓣病变者占39%.②较大缺损易产生心力衰竭,早期导致肺动脉高压.③中、小两大动脉的干下室缺,易引起主动脉瓣脱垂和返流.④此类室缺应早期手术,以补片修补为主,如合并主动脉瓣脱垂应及早行室缺修补及主动脉瓣成形术.结论根据两动脉干下室间隔缺损的临床特点应及早手术治疗,且以补片修补为主.     

小儿双动脉瓣下室间隔缺损的外科治疗

本文报道我院1986～1990年双动脉瓣下室间隔缺损重4例,占同期室缺修补术的21%。双动脉瓣下室缺常伴主动脉右冠瓣脱垂(15例),主动脉瓣关闭不全(4例),肺动脉高压症(23例)。因此,一俟确诊应早期手术。经肺动脉根部切口修补室缺。有主动脉闭锁不全者,行主动脉瓣折叠悬吊术。术后随访,有1例主闭需再次手术替换主动脉瓣,其余病例经多普勒超声随访,均未见主动脉瓣病变和残余漏。作者还就病理、手术方法作了详细讨论,指出5岁以前关闭缺损可防止主动脉关闭不全的发生。     

巨大心室间隔缺损的外科治疗

报告４１例巨大室间隔缺损的手术治疗，室间隔缺损直径１５ｍｍ～３６ｍｍ计有伴主动脉脱垂关闭不全８例，单纯主动脉瓣脱垂４例，右室流出道梗塞９例和中重度肺动脉高压１３例，无一例手术死亡。就混合型室间隔缺损，合并主动脉瓣病变及肺动脉高压的处理进行了讨论。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.