乳腺癌99mTc-HL91乏氧显像和HIF-1α表达相关性的实验研究

目的:研究乳腺癌99mTc-HL91乏氧显像以及与乏氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达水平的相关性。方法:31例乳腺癌患者行SPECT 99mTc-HL91乏氧显像,利用计算机感兴趣区(ROI)技术计算乳腺癌病灶计数/对侧计数(T/TN值),免疫组化方法检测肿瘤组织HIF-1α表达水平。结果:31个病灶对99mTc-HL91的摄取均高于对侧正常乳腺组织,99mTc-HL91摄取程度与肿瘤大小无相关关系(P>0.05);注射99mTc-HL91 4小时后SPECT显像浸润性导管癌T/NT值为2.16±0.38,浸润性小叶癌T/NT值为2.10±0.32,两者无显著性差异(P>0.05);病灶的T/NT值为1.36~6.43(中位值2.95),免疫组化结果显示表达HIF-1α的细胞数为25.6%~78.5%(中位数56.3%),两者之间呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:乳腺癌组织对乏氧显像剂99mTc-HL91有显著的摄取,摄取值与病理类型及病灶大小无相关性,但与HIF-1α的表达存在正相关。     

99mTc-HL91乏氧显像、CT及纤维支气管镜检查在肺癌诊断中的对比研究

目的探讨^99mTc-HL91乏氧显像、CT及纤维支气管镜检查在诊断肺癌的价值。方法82例经病理确诊的肺肿瘤患者行SPECT ^99mTc-HL91乏氧显像、CT及纤支镜检查，比较分析诊断效能。结果^99mTc-HL91乏氧显像诊断肺癌的灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为92．7％、100％、95．1％，CT和纤支镜分别为94．5％、66.6％、85.4％和63．6％、100%和75．6％，^99mTc-HL91乏氧显像诊断的灵敏度和准确率高于纤支镜检查，特异性明显高于CT检查，差异均有显著性。^99mTc-HL91乏氧显像和CT联合诊断肺癌的灵敏度、特异性和准确率为96．4％、100％和97．6％。结论^99mTc-HL91乏氧显像诊断肺癌有较高的临床价值，联合CT检查可进一步提高诊断的准确性。     

鼻咽癌放疗前后99mTc-HL91 SPECT乏氧显像分析

目的:通过99mTc-4,9-二氮-3,3,10,10-四甲基十二烷-2,11-二酮肟(99mTc-HL91)乏氧显像研究鼻咽癌放疗前后肿瘤细胞乏氧的变化。方法:接受三维适形放疗的鼻咽癌患者35例,放疗前1～2d、放疗后(200cGy/次,5次/周)1～2d分别行99mTc-HL91SPECT显像。利用感兴趣区技术计算肿瘤/非肿瘤部位放射性计数比值(T/N),分析放疗前后肿瘤乏氧的变化。结果:放疗前、后显像的T/N(4h)分别为1.51±0.21、1.26±0.18,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:99mTc-HL91SPECT乏氧显像能够为临床提供鼻咽癌放疗前后肿瘤组织乏氧的变化并再氧合提供有价值的信息。     

99mTc-HL91显像检测鼻咽癌灶乏氧状态与放疗疗效关系的研究

目的利用99mTc-HL91乏氧显像探讨鼻咽癌(NPC)三维适形放疗(3DCRT)前、后乏氧程度及乏氧变化与放疗疗效的相关性。方法38例NPC患者在3DCRT前、后按常规进行鼻咽、颈部99mTc-HL91断层显像;并对病灶的靶/非靶(T/N)值进行半定量分析。结果38例NPC患者中有32例NPC病灶乏氧检查阳性,阳性率约为84%。32例患者鼻咽病灶与正常鼻咽组织乏氧程度(T/N)值分别为1.89±0.95、1.06±0.18,P<0.001,两者存在显著性差异。32例NPC患者在放疗前、后NPC乏氧病灶的T/N均值比较,P<0.001,有显著性差异;鼻咽病灶乏氧状态对放射治疗的响应呈正相关,相关系数为0.641,P<0.01;38例NPC患者在3DCRT放疗后近期疗效显著,肿瘤局部控制率较高,急性放射损伤并发症较少,患者生活质量得到改善。结论99mTc-HL91乏氧显像可检测NPC病灶的乏氧状态;鼻咽癌病灶乏氧状态与3DCRT的放疗疗效密切相关。     

99mTc-HL91乏氧显像监测放疗后荷H22肝癌KM小鼠肿瘤再氧合状态

目的 探讨99mTc-HL91乏氧显像监测肿瘤再氧合状态情况,同时检测肿瘤乏氧诱导因子-1a(HIF-1a)表达,分析两种检查方法的相关性.方法 荷H22肝癌KM小鼠随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组又根据放疗后时间1 d、3 d、5 d进行实验.对照组不进行60Co放疗,实验组接受单次15 Gy的60Co放疗.各组小鼠注射99mTc-HL91显像剂2 h后进行SPECT平面显像.各组小鼠图像通过ROI技术,计算T/NT比值.图像采集结束后立即处死小鼠,完整剥离肿瘤,称重并计算放射性计数,计算肿瘤微分摄取率(DUR).之后迅速将肿瘤组织常规制成蜡块,用免疫组化技术测定HIF-1a的表达.最后将DUR、T/NT数值分别与HIF-1a的表达进行等级相关性分析.结果 与对照组相比,随着放疗时间的延长,DUR及T/NT比值呈现先减少后增加的趋势,HIF-1a阳性细胞数量也呈现先减少后增加的表达.结果显示DUR及T/NT比值分别与HIF-1a的表达呈正相关(r值分别为0.75和0.86,P<0.05,双侧).结论 99mTc-HL91乏氧显像与HIF-1a的表达可用于监测肿瘤放疗后的再氧合状态,二者呈正相关.     

^99mTc—HL91乏氧显像与^99mTc—MIBI亲肿瘤显像诊断肺肿瘤的对比分析

目的：评价^99mTc—HL91乏氧显像和^99mTc—MIBI亲肿瘤显像诊断肺癌的临床价值。方法：70例肺肿瘤患行^99mTc-HL91乏氧显像和^99mTc—MIBI亲肿瘤显像两项检查，对比分析诊断效能和半定量分析结果。结果：^99mTc—HL91乏氧显像和^99mTc—MIBI亲肿瘤显像诊断肺癌的灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为91．1％、100％、94．3％和84．4％、76.0％、81．4％。半定量分析结果明显高于^99mTc—MIBI亲肿瘤显像。两种显像结合诊断肺癌的灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为95．6％、100％、97．1％。结论：^99mTc—HL91乏氧显像诊断肺癌有较高的临床价值，结合^99mTc—MIBI亲肿瘤显像可进一步提高诊断的准确性。     

99Tcm-HL91肺癌乏氧显像的临床价值

目的:观察乏氧显像剂99Tcm-HL91在肺癌病灶中的摄取特点,探讨乏氧显像检测肿瘤氧供状态的临床价值。方法:选取20例不同病理类型肺癌及4例肺良性占位患者,分别于注射99Tcm-HL91后1h、4h、24h后行双肺SPECT显像。在横断层图像上,利用感兴趣区技术,用半定量方法计算病灶与对侧正常肺组织放射性计数比值(TUR)。结果:随时间延长,恶性肿瘤摄取比值逐渐增加,而良性占位4h达高峰,之后下降;不同病理类型肿瘤部位摄取比值不同。结论:99Tcm-HL91肺癌乏氧显像可用来判断肿瘤的氧供状态,并可初步预测其组织学类型,判断肿瘤恶性程度。     

新型乏氧显像剂99Tcm-HL91在缺血性 脑血管病中的试验研究

目的：探讨新型乏氧显像剂^99Tc^m-HL91在缺血性脑血管病中的临床应用价值。方法：对18例临床确诊为缺血性脑血管病患者进行脑乏氧断层显像，其中临床诊断脑梗死11例，短暂性脑缺血发作（TIA）5例，椎-基底动脉供血不足2例，取标记好的^99Tc^m-HL91 555-1110MBq静脉推注，20-30min内行脑乏氧断层显像，17例患者同时进行了CT或MRI检查，11例患者次日行^99Tc^m-ECD脑灌注断层显像，三种方法进行了对比研究。结果：18例患者中脑乏氧显像阳性者5例，分别为脑梗死4例，椎-基底动脉供血不足1例。11例同时行^99Tc^m-ECD脑血流灌注显像者中6例表现为局部脑血流灌注减低，CT或MRI检查异常者9例。结论：^99Tc^m-HL91脑乏氧显像诊断缺血性脑血管病的影响因素较多，但对脑血流灌注显像出现低灌注区时可以区分组织乏氧或坏死，对指导治疗有一定临床意义。     

^99Tc^m-HL91脑乏氧显像对脑血流低灌注区组织乏氧缺血细胞的评估价值

背景：缺血性脑血管病患者病变区域内存在着存活的、但血流供应不足的脑组织，只要及时恢复血供，就可挽救。新型显像剂^99Tc^m-HL91脑乏氧显像可以显示脑血流灌注显像为低灌注区的乏氧、缺血但存活的这些脑组织。目的：探讨新型乏氧显像剂^99Tc^m-HL91在缺血性脑血管病中的评估价值，为早期干预提供影像学依据。设计：以患者和健康自愿者为研究对象，观察对比的验证性研究。单位：一所大学医院的核医学科和一所省级医院的神经内科，核医学科。对象：2000-03／2001-09在河北省人民医院随机选取门诊和住院的缺血性脑血管病患者18例及健康志愿者4例。方法：对18例临床确诊为缺血性脑血管病患者和4例年龄匹配的健康志愿者进行脑乏氧断层显像，其中临床诊断脑梗死11例，短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)5例，椎基底动脉供血不足2例，取标记好的^99Tc^m-HL91 555～Ⅰ110 MBq静脉推注，20～30min内行脑乏氧断层显像，17例患者同时进行了CT或MRI检查，11例患者次日行^99Tc^m-ECD脑灌注断层显像，并对3种方法进行了对比研究。用视觉判定脑血流灌注显像低灌注区域内及周边部位放射性能变化，出现放射性浓聚者，为阳性，未出现放射性浓聚者为阴性，介于两者中间者为临界(用计算机ROI技术与对照侧比较，两侧比值大于25％以上者诊断为阳性，小于者计人阴性组，本研究不设临界组)。主要观察指标：脑乏氧显像，CT，MRI，脑灌注显像结果。结果：18例患者中脑乏氧显像阳性者5例，分别为脑梗死4例，椎基底动脉供血不足1例。11例同时行^99Tc^m-ECD脑血流灌注显像者中6例表现为局部脑血流灌注减低，CT或MRI检查异常者9例，4例健康志愿者未见异常显示。结论：^99Tc^m-HL91脑乏氧显像诊断缺血性脑血管病的影响因素较多，但对脑血流灌注显像出现低灌注区时可以区分组织乏氧或坏死，对指导早期康复干预和预后评估有一定意义。     

99Tcm-HL91脑乏氧显像对脑血流低灌注区组织乏氧缺血细胞的评估价值

背景缺血性脑血管病患者病变区域内存在着存活的、但血流供应不足的脑组织,只要及时恢复血供,就可挽救.新型显像剂99Tcm-HL91脑乏氧显像可以显示脑血流灌注显像为低灌注区的乏氧、缺血但存活的这些脑组织.目的探讨新型乏氧显像剂99TcmHL91在缺血性脑血管病中的评估价值,为早期干预提供影像学依据.设计以患者和健康自愿者为研究对象,观察对比的验证性研究.单位一所大学医院的核医学科和一所省级医院的神经内科,核医学科.对象2000-03/2001-09在河北省人民医院随机选取门诊和住院的缺血性脑血管病患者18例及健康志愿者4例.方法对18例临床确诊为缺血性脑血管病患者和4例年龄匹配的健康志愿者进行脑乏氧断层显像,其中临床诊断脑梗死11例,短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)5例,椎基底动脉供血不足2例,取标记好的99Tcm-HL91555～1 110 MBq静脉推注,0～30 min内行脑乏氧断层显像,7例患者同时进行了CT或MRI检查,1例患者次日行99Tcm-ECD脑灌注断层显像,并对3种方法进行了对比研究.用视觉判定脑血流灌注显像低灌注区域内及周边部位放射性能变化,出现放射性浓聚者,为阳性,未出现放射性浓聚者为阴?介于两者中间者为临界(用计算机ROI技术与对照侧比较,两侧比值大于25%以上者诊断为阳性,小于者计入阴性组,本研究不设临界组).主要观察指标脑乏氧显像,T,RI,脑灌注显像结果.结果18例患者中脑乏氧显像阳性者5例,分别为脑梗死4例,椎基底动脉供血不足1例.11例同时行99Tcm-ECD脑血流灌注显像者中6例表现为局部脑血流灌注减低,T或MRI检查异常者9例,例健康志愿者未见异常显示.结论99Tcm-HL91脑乏氧显像诊断缺血性脑血管病的影响因素较多,但对脑血流灌注显像出现低灌注区时可以区分组织乏氧或坏死,对指导早期康复干预和预后评估有一定意义.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.